Matenda a shuga ndi matenda amtundu wa endocrinological omwe amayamba chifukwa chovuta kwambiri kwa kapamba. Zotsatira zake, m'thupi la wodwalayo muli kuchotseka kwathunthu kapena pang'ono kwina kotulutsa ma insulin, yomwe ndi chinthu chofunikira kwambiri pakuphatikizidwa kwa shuga.
Kuphwanya kotero kwa kagayidwe kazakudya kumabweretsa kukula kwakukulu kwa shuga, komwe kumakhudza machitidwe onse ndi ziwalo zamkati mwa munthu, zomwe zimayambitsa kukulitsa zovuta.
Ngakhale kuti endocrinology imakhudzana ndi vuto la insulin yotupa, matenda a shuga ndi matenda omwe amayambitsa kuvulaza thupi lonse. Chifukwa chake, zomwe zimachitika chifukwa cha matenda ashuga zimawonekera m'chilengedwe ndipo zimatha kudzetsa matenda a mtima, sitiroko, chifuwa, kusawona, kudula miyendo ndi kusabereka.
Kuti mudziwe zambiri zokhudzana ndi matendawa, muyenera kuphunzira mosamala momwe endocrinology imayang'ana matenda ashuga komanso njira zamakono zothana ndi mankhwalawa. Izi zingakhale zosangalatsa kwambiri osati odwala matenda ashuga okha, komanso kwa abale awo omwe akufuna kuthandiza achibale awo kuthana ndi matendawa.
Mawonekedwe
Malinga ndi endocrinologists, pakati pa matenda oyambitsidwa ndi vuto la metabolic, matenda ashuga ndiwachiwiri kwambiri, wachiwiri wokha kunenepa kwambiri m'chinenerochi. Malinga ndi kafukufuku waposachedwa, pakadali pano munthu m'modzi pa khumi ali ndi matenda a shuga.
Komabe, odwala ambiri satha kukayikira ngati ali ndi vuto lalikulu lozindikira matenda a shuga, chifukwa nthawi zambiri matenda a shuga amayamba. Matenda osakhazikika a shuga amabweretsa chiopsezo chachikulu kwa anthu, chifukwa samalola kuti apezeke matendawa panthawi yake ndipo nthawi zambiri amapezeka pokhapokha wodwala atavutika kwambiri.
Kuopsa kwa matenda osokoneza bongo a shuga kumagonanso poti kumathandizira kusokonezeka kwa metabolic, kukhala ndi vuto la chakudya, mapuloteni komanso metabolism yamafuta. Izi ndichifukwa choti insulini yopangidwa ndi ma β-cell a kapamba imakhudzidwa osati kungoyamwa kwa glucose, komanso mafuta komanso mapuloteni.
Koma kuvulaza kwakukulu mthupi la munthu kumayambitsidwa ndendende ndi kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi, komwe kumawononga makhoma a capillaries ndi minyewa yamitsempha, ndikuwonetsa kukula kwa njira yotupa kwambiri m'magulu ambiri amkati mwa munthu.
Gulu
Malinga ndi endocrinology yamakono, shuga imatha kukhala yoona komanso yachiwiri. Matenda a shuga a sekondale (ofunikira) amakula ngati matenda ena opatsirana, monga pancreatitis ndi chotupa cham'mimba, komanso kuwonongeka kwa chithokomiro cha adrenal gland, gland ndi gland.
Matenda enieni a shuga amakula nthawi zonse ngati matenda odziyimira pawokha ndipo nthawi zambiri imayambitsa matenda. Mtundu wa matenda ashuga awa umatha kupezeka mwa anthu nthawi iliyonse, onse kuubwana ndi ukalamba.
Matenda enieni a shuga amaphatikizapo mitundu ingapo ya matenda omwe ali ndi zizindikiro zofananira, koma amapezeka mwa odwala pazifukwa zosiyanasiyana. Ena a iwo ndiofala kwambiri, ena, m'malo mwake, samapezeka kawirikawiri.
Mitundu ya matenda ashuga:
- Mtundu woyamba wa shuga
- Type 2 shuga
- Matenda a shuga
- Matenda a shuga a Steroid;
- Matenda a shuga
Matenda a shuga a Type 1 ndi matenda omwe amapezeka nthawi zambiri kwa odwala muubwana ndi unyamata. Matenda a shuga amtunduwu samakonda kukhudza anthu azaka zopitilira 30. Chifukwa chake, nthawi zambiri amatchedwa matenda a shuga a ana. Matenda a shuga a Type 1 ali pamalo achiwiri malinga ndi kuchuluka, pafupifupi 8% ya matenda onse a shuga amayamba chifukwa cha matendawo omwe amadalira matenda a insulin.
Matenda a shuga amtundu 1 amadziwika ndi kutaya kwathunthu kwa insulin, motero dzina lake lachiwiri ndi matenda a shuga. Izi zikutanthauza kuti wodwala yemwe ali ndi mtunduwu wa matenda ashuga adzafunika kubaya insulin tsiku lililonse moyo wake wonse.
Matenda a shuga a Type 2 ndi matenda omwe nthawi zambiri amapezeka mwa anthu achikulire komanso okalamba, samapezeka kwambiri mwa odwala osakwanitsa zaka 40. Matenda a shuga a 2 ndiwo mtundu wofala kwambiri wa matendawa, amakhudza oposa 90% mwa odwala onse omwe amapezeka ndi matenda ashuga.
Mtundu wachiwiri wa matenda ashuga, wodwalayo amatulutsa minyewa ya insulin, pomwe gawo la mahomoni m'thupi limakhalabe labwinobwino kapenanso kukweza. Chifukwa chake, mtundu uwu wa shuga umatchedwa insulin-Independent.
Matenda a shuga ochitika m'matumbo ndimatenda omwe amapezeka mwa azimayi omwe ali ndi pakati pa miyezi 6 mpaka 7 yaubala. Matenda a shuga a mtundu uwu nthawi zambiri amapezeka mwa amayi oyembekezera omwe ali onenepa kwambiri. Kuphatikiza apo, azimayi omwe amakhala ndi pakati patatha zaka 30 amatha kutenga chiwopsezo cha matenda ashuga.
Matenda a shuga a m'mimba amayamba chifukwa cha kusokonekera kwamphamvu kwamaselo amkati kupita ku insulin ndi mahomoni opangidwa ndi placenta. Akabereka, mayi nthawi zambiri amachiritsidwa kwathunthu, koma kawirikawiri, matendawa amakhala mtundu wa shuga 2.
Matenda a Steroid ndi matenda omwe amakula mwa anthu omwe amamwa glucocorticosteroids kwa nthawi yayitali. Mankhwalawa amathandizira kuwonjezeka kwa shuga wamagazi, omwe m'kupita kwa nthawi amatsogolera pakupanga shuga.
Gulu lowopsa lachitukuko cha matenda a shuga a steroid limaphatikizapo odwala omwe ali ndi mphumu ya bronchial, nyamakazi, arthrosis, chifuwa chachikulu, kulephera kwa adrenal, chibayo, matenda a Crohn ndi ena. Mukasiya kumwa glucocorticosteroids, matenda a shuga amadzimiratu.
Matenda a shuga - Amadziwonekera mwa mwana kuyambira tsiku lobadwa loyamba. Nthawi zambiri, ana omwe ali ndi vuto lobadwa nalo la matendawa amabadwa kwa amayi omwe ali ndi matenda amtundu wa 2 komanso matenda a shuga. Komanso, zomwe zimayambitsa matenda obadwa nawo a shuga zimatha kukhala matenda opatsirana kudzera mwa mayi panthawi yoyembekezera kapena kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala amphamvu.
Zomwe zimayambitsa matenda obadwa nawo a shuga amathanso kukhala opindika, kuphatikizapo kubadwa msanga. Matenda a shuga obadwa nawo sangachiritsike ndipo amadziwika chifukwa chosowa insulin.
Chithandizo chake chimakhala ndi jakisoni wa insulin tsiku lililonse kuyambira masiku oyamba amoyo.
Zifukwa
Matenda a shuga a Type 1 nthawi zambiri amapezeka mwa anthu osakwanitsa zaka 30. Ndizachilendo kwambiri kuti milandu yodwala odwala pafupifupi zaka 40 yalembedwa. Matenda a shuga a ana, omwe nthawi zambiri amapezeka mwa ana a zaka zapakati pa 10 ndi 14, amafunika kutchulidwa mwapadera.
Chifukwa chachikulu chomwe chimapangidwira matenda ashuga amtundu woyamba ndikuphwanya chitetezo cha mthupi, momwe ma cell omwe amapha amawukira minyewa yawo kapenanso kupha maselo a β-cell omwe amapanga insulin. Izi zimabweretsa kuchepa kwathunthu kwa katulutsidwe ka insulin ya mahomoni m'thupi.
Nthawi zambiri vuto lotere mu chitetezo cha mthupi limayamba kukhala ngati nthenda ya ma virus. Chiwopsezo cha kukhala ndi matenda amtundu woyamba chimachulukitsidwa kwambiri ndi matenda a virus monga rubella, chikuku, mumps, chikuku komanso hepatitis B.
Kuphatikiza apo, kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa mankhwala ena owopsa, komanso mankhwala ophera tizilombo komanso poizoni wa nitrate, kungakhudze mapangidwe a shuga. Ndikofunikira kumvetsetsa kuti kufa kwa chiwerengero chochepa cha maselo otulutsa insulin sikungayambitse matenda a shuga. Pakuyambira kwa matenda amtunduwu mwa anthu, pafupifupi 80% ya β-maselo ayenera kufa.
Odwala omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga 1, matenda ena a autoimmune nthawi zambiri amawonedwa, monga thyrotooticosis kapena kuperekera poyizoni. Kuphatikiza kwamatendawa kumakhudza thanzi la wodwalayo, zomwe zikuipiraipira pakati pa matenda ashuga.
Matenda a shuga a Type 2 nthawi zambiri amakhudza anthu okhwima ndi okalamba omwe awoloka mawonedwe wazaka 40. Koma lero, ma endocrinologists amawona kukonzanso mwachangu kwa matendawa pomwe amapezeka mwa anthu omwe sanachite chikondwerero chawo cha 30.
Choyambitsa chachikulu cha matenda a shuga a 2 ndi onenepa kwambiri, motero anthu omwe ali onenepa kwambiri ndi omwe ali pachiwopsezo cha matendawa. Adipose minofu, yophimba ziwalo zonse zamkati ndi minyewa ya wodwalayo, imapanga cholepheretsa insulin, yomwe imapangitsa kuti insulin ikane.
Mu matenda a shuga a fomu yachiwiri, mulingo wa insulin nthawi zambiri umakhalabe wocheperako kapena umapitilira. Komabe, chifukwa cha kusakhazikika kwa maselo ku timadzi timeneti, ma carbohydrate samatengedwa ndi thupi la wodwalayo, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti shuga azikhala ndi magazi ambiri.
Zoyambitsa matenda a shuga a 2:
- Khalidweli. Anthu omwe makolo awo kapena achibale awo ena akudwala matenda a shuga amatha kwambiri kudwala;
- Kulemera kwambiri. Mwa anthu onenepa kwambiri, minyewa yawo ya cell nthawi zambiri imataya insulin sensitivity, yomwe imasokoneza kuyamwa kwa shuga. Izi ndizowona makamaka kwa anthu omwe amatchedwa kunenepa kwam'mimba, momwe mumapezeka mafuta omwe amapangika m'mimba;
- Zakudya zopanda pake. Kudya mafuta ochulukirapo, chakudya chamafuta ndi zakudya zama calorie ambiri kumatha ntchito zomwe zimapezeka m'mapapo ndipo zimawonjezera mwayi wokhala ndi insulin;
- Matenda a mtima. Matenda a mtima, kuchepa kwa mtima, komanso kuthamanga kwa magazi kumapangitsa kuti minyewa isamve bwino;
- Zovuta za pafupipafupi. M'mikhalidwe yovuta, kuchuluka kwakukulu kwa mahomoni a corticosteroid (adrenaline, norepinephrine, ndi cortisol) amapangidwa m'thupi la munthu, omwe amalimbikitsa kuchuluka kwa shuga wamagazi ndipo, ndi zomwe zimachitika pafupipafupi m'maganizo, zimatha kuyambitsa matenda a shuga;
- Kumwa mankhwala a mahomoni (glucocorticosteroids). Amakhala ndi zotsutsana ndi kapamba ndikuwonjezera shuga.
Popanga insulin yokwanira kapena kutayika kwa minofu kumvekedwe kwa timadzi timeneti, glucose amasiya kulowa m'maselo ndipo amapitilirabe kuzungulira magazi. Izi zimakakamiza thupi laumunthu kufunafuna njira zina pokonzera glucose, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti glycosaminoglycans, sorbitol ndi glycated hemoglobin mmenemo.
Izi zimadzetsa chiwopsezo chachikulu kwa wodwalayo, chifukwa zimatha kuyambitsa zovuta zambiri, monga ma catalo (kuwala kwa mandala amaso), microangiopathy (kuwonongeka kwa makoma a capillaries), neuropathy (kuwonongeka kwa minyewa ya mitsempha) ndi matenda olowa.
Kudzazitsa kuchepa kwa mphamvu komwe kumachitika chifukwa cha kukoka kwa glucose, thupi limayamba kupanga mapuloteni omwe amakhala m'matumbo am'mimba komanso mafuta ochulukirapo.
Izi zimabweretsa kuwonda kwambiri kwa wodwala, ndipo zimatha kuyambitsa kufooka kwambiri komanso ngakhale minyewa ya m'mimba.
Zizindikiro
Kukula kwa zizindikiro za matenda ashuga kumadalira mtundu wa matenda komanso zaka za wodwalayo. Chifukwa chake matenda amtundu wa 1 amayamba msanga ndipo amatha kubweretsa zovuta, monga kupsinjika kwamphamvu kwa hyperglycemia ndi matenda a shuga, m'miyezi ingapo.
Matenda a shuga a Mtundu Wachiwiri, m'malo mwake, amakula pang'onopang'ono ndipo sangathe kuwonekera kwa nthawi yayitali. Nthawi zambiri, mtundu wamtunduwu wa shuga umapezeka mwamwayi mukamayang'ana ziwalo zamasomphenya, kuyesa magazi kapena mkodzo.
Koma ngakhale pali kusiyana pakati pa kukula kwa chitukuko pakati pa mtundu 1 ndi mtundu 2 wa matenda ashuga, ali ndi zofananira ndipo akuwonetsedwa ndi zizindikiro zotsatirazi:
- Ludzu lalikulu ndi kumva mosalekeza kwamkamwa. Wodwala matenda ashuga amatha kumwa mpaka malita 8 amadzimadzi tsiku lililonse;
- Polyuria Anthu odwala matenda ashuga amadwala kukodza pafupipafupi, kuphatikizapo kugona kwamikodzo usiku. Polyuria mu shuga amapezeka mu 100% ya milandu;
- Polyphagy. Wodwalayo nthawi zonse amakhala ndi nkhawa, akumva kulakalaka kwapadera kwa zakudya zotsekemera ndi zopatsa mphamvu;
- Khungu lowuma ndi ma mucous membrane, zomwe zingayambitse kuyabwa kwambiri (makamaka m'chiuno ndi m'matumbo) komanso mawonekedwe a dermatitis;
- Kutopa, kufooka kosalekeza;
- Kusintha kwakhalidwe, kuchuluka kwa kusokonekera, kugona;
- Mwendo kukokana, makamaka minofu ya ng'ombe;
- Masomphenya otsika.
Mtundu woyamba wa matenda ashuga, wodwala amakhala ndi zizindikiritso monga ludzu lalikulu, kufinya kwamkodzo, kumva kupweteka mseru komanso kusanza, kufooka mphamvu, njala yothina, kuchepa thupi ngakhale ndikudya kwabwinobwino, kukhumudwa komanso kuwonjezeka.
Ana nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi ma envelopis a usiku, makamaka ngati mwana sanapite kuchimbudzi asanagone. Odwala omwe ali ndi matenda amtunduwu amakhala ndi chidwi chokhala ndi shuga m'magazi komanso kukula kwa hypo- ndi hyperglycemia - mikhalidwe yomwe imayika moyo pachiwopsezo ndipo imafunikira chisamaliro chamankhwala.
Odwala omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga a mtundu wachiwiri, matendawa nthawi zambiri amawonetsedwa ndi kuyabwa kwambiri pakhungu, kutsika kwamaso owoneka bwino, ludzu losatha, kufooka ndi kugona, mawonekedwe a matenda oyamba ndi mafangasi, kuchiritsa bwino mabala, kumva kutopa, kugona kapena miyendo yokwawa.
Chithandizo
Mtundu 1 ndi matenda ashuga a 2 akadali matenda osachiritsika. Koma kutsatira kwambiri malangizo onse a dokotala komanso kubwezeretsa bwino matenda ashuga, wodwalayo atha kukhala moyo wokhazikika, kuchita zofunikira zilizonse, amapanga banja ndikukhala ndi ana.
Malangizo a Endocrinologist kwa odwala matenda ashuga:
Musakhumudwe mutaphunzira kuti mwazindikira. Simuyenera kudandaula kwambiri za matendawa, chifukwa izi zimangokulitsa mkhalidwe wa wodwalayo. Tiyenera kukumbukira kuti anthu opitilira theka biliyoni padziko lapansi amakhalanso ndi matenda ashuga, koma nthawi yomweyo aphunzira kukhala ndi matenda.
Chotsani chakudya chopatsa mphamvu chambiri m'zakudya zanu. Ndikofunikira kumvetsetsa kuti shuga imayamba chifukwa chophwanya kagayidwe kazakudya. Chifukwa chake, odwala onse omwe ali ndi vuto lotere ayenera kusiya kugwiritsa ntchito mafuta osavuta, monga shuga ndi maswiti aliwonse, uchi, mbatata zamtundu uliwonse, ma hamburger ndi zakudya zina zothamanga, zipatso zotsekemera, mikate yoyera, mafuta ophika buledi, semolina, mpunga woyera. Izi zimatha kuwonjezera shuga m'magazi.
Idyani zakudya zovuta. Zogulitsa zotere, ngakhale zili ndi mavitamini ambiri, sizikuwonjezera shuga m'magazi, chifukwa zimatenga nthawi yayitali kuposa zopepuka zamafuta. Izi zimaphatikizapo oatmeal, chimanga, mpunga wa bulauni, msuzi wa tirigu wa durum, tirigu wathunthu ndi mkate wa chinangwa, ndi mtedza osiyanasiyana.
Pali zambiri, koma pang'onopang'ono. Zakudya zopatsa thanzi ndizothandiza makamaka kwa matenda ashuga, chifukwa zimakupatsani mwayi wopewa kuwonjezeka kapena kuchepa kwa shuga m'magazi. Chifukwa chake, odwala matenda ashuga amalimbikitsidwa kudya osachepera 5 patsiku.
Nthawi zonse muziyang'anira kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi. Izi zichitike m'mawa mutadzuka komanso madzulo musanagone, komanso mukamaliza kudya.
Momwe mungadziwire shuga wamagazi kunyumba? Mwa izi, wodwalayo ayenera kugula glucometer, yomwe ndi yosavuta kugwiritsa ntchito kunyumba. Ndikofunikira kutsindika kuti mwa achikulire athanzi, shuga wamagazi samakwera pamwamba pa 7.8 mmol / l, omwe akuyenera kukhala chitsogozo kwa odwala matenda ashuga.
