Matenda a shuga ndi njira yamatenda yomwe imayamba chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi. Pathology imagawidwa m'mitundu iwiri - yoyamba ndi yachiwiri. Mtundu woyamba wa matenda ashuga nthawi zambiri umabadwa ndipo umachitika chifukwa chosowa insulin m'magazi. Mtundu wachiwiri ndiwofala kwambiri. Mu 99% ya milandu, siyobadwa mwatsopano ndipo imadziwika ndi insulin yowonjezera yomwe imapangidwa ndi kapamba.
Zowopsa zake zimaphatikizapo kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi ochepa, kukhala wonenepa kwambiri, cholesterol yambiri, komanso kusachita bwino m'thupi. Chifukwa chake, zizindikiro zoyambirira za matenda ashuga mwa akazi pambuyo pa zaka 40 ndi kupitirira zimachitika kwambiri.
Zolemba za matendawa
Chofunikira kwambiri pakupanga shuga kwa akazi ndi matenda amtundu wazaka 40 mpaka 60. Pambuyo pa zaka 60, izi zimachepetsedwa pang'onopang'ono ndipo ndizosowa mwa azimayi azaka 70. Kuwonetsedwa kwa matendawa muukalamba makamaka kumalumikizidwa ndi kupukusira kwa zotupa za zotupa ndi kuphwanya ntchito zake. Hormoni yayikulu yomwe imakhudzidwa ndi michere - insulin - imasungidwa ndi kapamba. "Amasintha" mapuloteni ndi zakudya, amapanga glucose, potaziyamu, magnesium, ndi phosphates kumankhwala. Kuphwanya kapangidwe ka insulin - kusowa kwake kapena kuchuluka kwake - posakhalitsa kumayamba kudziwonetsa m'thupi la mkazi. Nthawi zambiri, zomwe zimayambitsa kukhathamiritsa ndi kusamba, kukhumudwa kapena kupsinjika.
Matenda a shuga amayambitsa mavuto m'thupi. Zotsatira zake, kupanga kwa mahomoni a timadzi tambiri ta endocrine kumatsitsidwa. Zizindikiro za matenda ashuga mwa akazi azaka 50 amawonetseredwa onse ndimankhwala ogwiritsa ntchito maswiti ndi zinthu zina za ufa, komanso ndi njala - makamaka chifukwa chosowa vitamini E ndi chromium. Matendawa ali ndi chitukuko chovuta kwambiri ndipo ndizosatheka kulosera. Zizindikiro za pathology zitha kuwoneka kwa zaka 10 kapena kupitirira. Asayansi awona kuti matenda ashuga ndi achilendo kwa anthu omwe anakulira m'mabanja osagwirizana. Kuyambira ali ana, ana m'mabanja oterewa amadya zakudya zotsika mtengo komanso zakudya zosavuta zamafuta zomwe sizothandiza thupi.
Zizindikiro ndi zovuta zake
Nthawi zambiri, matenda ashuga amakhala ochepa komanso osadziwika bwino. Mzimayi sangayikire ngakhale pang'ono kuti akudwala, chifukwa chake zamatsenga zimapezeka mwangozi. Zizindikiro zoyambirira za matenda ashuga mwa akazi zimayamba kuwoneka mwa kutopa kapena kutopa. Izi zimapangitsa kuti shuga asagwere bwino, zomwe zimandipatsa mphamvu. Odwala samvera chidwi ndi mawonetseredwe awa, chifukwa cha zaka zawo. Zingatenge zaka kuyambira kumayambiriro kwa matenda kupita kwa matenda, pomwe mkaziyo ali ndi zovuta zomwe zimapezeka, koma osatembenukira kwa akatswiri. Ndipo matenda ashuga amapitiliza "ntchito yake yakuda" ndipo amatha kuwonekera ndi zizindikiro zotsatirazi:
- Kunenepa kwambiri - chifukwa cha kapangidwe ka mafuta amino acid, otembenuka kuchokera ku chakudya chochuluka.
- Kapangidwe ka zilonda zakunja ndi zamkati - glucose owonjezera amawononga makoma amitsempha yamagazi omwe amasiya kutanuka.
- Kukula kwa atherosclerosis - chifukwa nthenda kukula kwamisempha ya kuzungulira kwa dongosolo. Zotsatira zake, mitsempha yamagazi imakhala yopapatiza, mawonekedwe a magazi, ndipo magazi amayenda.
- Kuchulukitsa kwa magazi - chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa mitsempha yamagazi, kukondoweza kwamitsempha yamagazi, mtima ndi impso.
- Kukula kwa zotupa za khansa - chifukwa cha mphamvu ya glucose pama minofu.
- Kupangidwe kwa thumba losunga mazira la polycystic, dysmenorrhea, kusabereka - mahomoni amathandizira pakupanga testosterone, yomwe ndiyomwe imayambitsa matendawa.
Zizindikiro zazikulu za matenda ashuga mwa akazi pambuyo pa 50 ndi kutopa, kupweteka mutu pafupipafupi, chizungulire, komanso kuwona kwamaso. Chomwe chimasiyanitsa ndikulakalaka kwa maswiti, kumverera kwa ludzu, kukokana pafupipafupi ndi kuyabwa kwa khungu, makamaka m'chigawo cha inguinal. Pakuchulukitsa, odwala amasokonezedwa, nthawi zambiri amasiya kukumbukira. Pakudula pang'ono, mabala amachiritsidwa kwakanthawi, amadzuka, ndipo zimakhala zovuta kuchira. Kutseka kwa ziwiya ndi kuwonjezereka kumabweretsa zilonda zam'mimba zosapindulitsa, ndipo madokotala amayenera kutengera - kudula miyendo. Ndi zovuta zapamwamba, munthu amatha kugwa.
Kuzindikira matendawa
Ngati mayi atatha zaka 50 wazindikira zizindikiro za matenda ashuga, ndiye kuti ichi ndi chizindikiro chofufuza thupi lonse. Kutembenukira kwa katswiri wa komweko, mzimayi amalandila kwa akatswiri angapo, monga: endocrinologist, cardiologist, psychotherapist, gastroenterologist. Kuti adziwike moyenera, madokotala amayenera kudziwa mtundu wa matendawa, kuwunika momwe thupi liliri komanso kudziwa zovuta zomwe zimayenderana. Pazomwezi, maphunziro otsatirawa adawonetsedwa mu:
- Kudziwa kuchuluka kwa mahomoni m'magazi (insulin, renin, aldosterone, cortisol, prolactin) - kudziwa kugwira ntchito kwa chithokomiro cha chithokomiro.
- Kuwunika kuthamanga kwa magazi masana (zizindikiro za matenda oopsa ndi chizindikiro choyamba cha matenda ashuga mwa akazi pambuyo pa zaka 50).
- Kuwona kulemera kwa wodwala komanso kuchuluka kwa kukula kwa chiuno ndi m'chiuno.
- Tanthauzo la microalbunaria - mapuloteni amkodzo (Zizindikiro za kuwonongeka kwa impso ndi matenda oopsa mwa odwala omwe ali ndi matenda osokoneza bongo).
- Kuyesa kwa Ultrasound kwamatumbo amkati (kapamba, impso, chiwindi) kuti muwone kuchuluka kwa zowonongeka.
- MRI, CT ya adrenal gland ndi pituitary gland kupatula matenda a Itzingo-Cushing (kuchuluka kwa ntchito, komwe kumakhala ndi zofanana ndi matenda ashuga).
- Kuyesa kwa magazi a biochemical - kutsimikiza kwa shuga, cholesterol yathunthu, triglycerides (lipids, glycerol zotumphukira), lipoproteins (mapuloteni ovuta), okwera komanso otsika.
Musanadutse mayeso, muyenera kutsatira malamulo onse - osamadya chakudya kwa maola 8, kumwa madzi okha, osapatula zakumwa zina zilizonse. Pakusanthula, magazi amatengedwa kuchokera pachala, ndipo ngati kuchuluka kwa glucose kumaposa 6.5 mmol pa millilita, ndiye kuti matenda oyamba a shuga amapangidwa. Pambuyo pake, kukonzanso kwachiwiri kumachitika kuti muwone momwe thupi limayankhira shuga. Wodwalayo amamwa chakumwa chokoma, patadutsa maola awiri dokotala amayang'ana kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi, ndipo ngati aposa 7 mmol, ndiye kuti pamapeto pake amatsimikizira kuti adziwe.
Njira zakuchiritsira ndi kupewa
Chofunikira kwambiri pa mankhwalawa ndi zakudya zomwe zimachepetsa thupi. Mosasamala mtundu wa ntchito yomwe wodwala amagwira, zopatsa mphamvu za caloric zomwe amagwiritsa ntchito zimachepetsedwa kangapo. Muchepetse michere m'zakudya. Chakudya chimakhazikitsidwa ndi zipatso ndi ndiwo zamasamba - m'magawo ang'onoang'ono, 4-5 patsiku. Kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi kukukulira pang'onopang'ono - kuchokera pamitolo yaying'ono kupita kolimbitsa thupi kwakutali. Masewera olimbitsa thupi azikhala ndi masewera okhaokha, monga: kuyenda, kusambira, aerobics, yoga. Kuchita zolimbitsa thupi mwamphamvu kumakulitsa vutolo ndikukulitsa vuto la matenda oopsa.
Pachipatala, mankhwala amagwiritsidwanso ntchito:
- kutsitsa kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi (Amaryl, Siofor, Maninil) - biguanides, thiazolidines;
- kukonza kuthamanga kwa magazi komanso kuchepetsa ngozi ya mtima (Octadin, Rezeprin, Pentamine) - antihypertensive;
- kutsitsa kuchuluka kwa cholesterol m'magazi (Holetar, Tulip, Simvastol) - ma statins ndi ma fiber;
- kuchepetsa kulakalaka (Ankir-B, Reduxin, MCC) - zoletsa zomwe zimapangitsa kuti matumbo azigwira bwino, kuphwanya mafuta;
- kuchuluka kagayidwe, kuchotsa cholesterol owonjezera, kugwiritsa ntchito shuga (Lipoic acid).
Malinga ndi akatswiri, ndizosatheka kuti tichotsetu matenda a shuga. Chithandizo chake ndikuchotsa matenda amodzimodzi komanso kupewa mavuto omwe ngoziyo ili.
Chifukwa chake, kuti mupewe zizindikiro zoyambirira za matenda ashuga mwa akazi pambuyo pa zaka 50, ndikofunikira kumvera thupi lanu ndikutsatira malamulo onse oletsa matendawa. Sankhani chakudya chofulumira komanso zakudya zomaliza. Idyani zakudya zochepa zopatsa mphamvu. Phindu lalikulu ndi kupuma kolimbitsa thupi mu mpweya watsopano - limachepetsa mitsempha ndipo imagwiranso ntchito njira ya metabolic. Ngati mutsatira malingaliro onse a akatswiri, chotsani zizolowezi zoyipa ndikukhalitsa pansi, ndiye kuti zonse zomwe sizingakusangalatseni komanso zowopsa za matenda a shuga zitha kupewedwa.
