Tsoka ilo, matenda ngati mtundu wa 2 matenda ashuga amakhudza anthu ambiri chaka chilichonse. Ponena zaimfa, chimakhala chachiwiri, chachiwiri mpaka oncology. Kuopsa kwa matenda ngati awa sikungokhala m'magulu a glucose okhazikika, koma mu kulephera kwa pafupifupi ntchito zonse za thupi.
Matenda "okoma" samachiritsidwa, mutha kuchepetsa chiopsezo cha zovuta komanso kupewa mtundu wodwala wa insulin. Kuti achepetse kuchuluka kwa shuga, ma endocrinologists amapereka mankhwala ochepa othandizira komanso othandizira masewera olimbitsa thupi nthawi zonse. Likukhalira kuti mtundu 2 shuga mellitus ndi chithandizo cha zakudya ndiwo chithandizo chachikulu komanso choyambirira.
Ngati mothandizidwa ndi chithandizo cha zakudya sizotheka kukwaniritsa zotsatira zomwe mukufuna, muyenera kuyamba kumwa mankhwala ochepetsa shuga, mwachitsanzo, Stralik, Metformin kapena Glucobay. M'pofunikanso kuti kunyumba kuwunikira kuwerengera kwamagazi ndi glucometer.
Kuti mumvetse zomwe zimayambitsa matendawa ndikuthana nawo moyenera, mfundo zamatenda azakudya zidzafotokozedwa pansipa, mndandanda wazinthu zololedwa zidzaperekedwa, komanso chithandizo chamankhwala.
Zomwe zimayambitsa ndi zizindikiro
Matenda a shuga amatanthauza matenda a endocrine system pamene shuga ya magazi ikukwera pafupipafupi. Izi zimachitika chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa chiwopsezo cha maselo, komanso minyewa ya insulin, yomwe imatulutsa kapamba.
Ndizofunikira kudziwa kuti thupi limapanga mahomoni ambiri mokwanira, koma ma cell samachita nawo. Vutoli limatchedwa insulin kukana.
Palibe chifukwa chimodzi chazomwe chimayambitsa matenda a shuga 2, koma madokotala azindikira zomwe zingachitike, zomwe ndi zaka 40. Ndi nthawi imeneyi pomwe matenda a shuga amapezeka nthawi zambiri. Koma izi sizitanthauza kuti matendawa adakula kwambiri. Mokulira, wodwalayo amangonyalanyaza zisonyezo za prediabetes kwa zaka zambiri, mwakutero akuwononga thupi.
Zizindikiro za matenda ashuga:
- ludzu
- kamwa yowuma
- kuchiritsa kwapang'onopang'ono kwa mabala ndi mafinya;
- kukodza pafupipafupi;
- kutopa;
- kugona
Ngati chimodzi mwazizindikiro chikuwonekera, ndikulimbikitsidwa kukaonana ndi endocrinologist kuti muunike kuti musankhe kapena kutsimikizira kukhalapo kwa matenda. Kuzindikira ndikosavuta - kuperekera kwa venous ndi capillary magazi. Ngati mukudziwa zizindikiro ndi chithandizo chithandizocho.
Matenda a shuga amawoneka kwambiri m'magulu awa a anthu:
- zaka zopitilira 40;
- onenepa kwambiri pamimba;
- zakudya zosayenera, pamene mafuta opepuka (maswiti, mankhwala a ufa) amapezeka muzakudya;
- kumangokhala osachita masewera olimbitsa thupi moyenerera;
- kuthamanga kwa magazi;
- kupezeka kwa matenda ashuga abale apafupi.
Mukamachiza matenda "okoma", muyenera kutsatira zakudya zomwe cholinga chake ndi kuchepetsa magazi.
Chithandizo cha zakudya
Zakudya zoyenera zophatikizidwa moyenera, kuphatikiza ndi kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi kwambiri ndizomwe zimakhala chithandizo chachikulu cha matenda ashuga. Limodzi mwa malamulo akuluakulu si kusala kudya kapena kudya kwambiri. Chiwerengero cha zakudya ndizochulukitsa kasanu ndi tsiku. Chakudya chomaliza osachepera maola angapo asanagone.
Mtundu wachiwiri wa matenda ashuga komanso njira zoperekera zakudya zimakhazikitsa shuga m'magazi. Mpaka theka la zakudya za tsiku ndi tsiku ziyenera kukhala zamasamba. Komanso, zakudya za tsiku ndi tsiku ziyenera kuphatikizapo zakudya monga chimanga, zipatso, nyama kapena nsomba, ndi zinthu zamkaka.
Thupi la odwala matenda ashuga amadwala mavitamini ndi michere yomwe yasowa. Izi zimachitika chifukwa cha kusakwaniritsidwa kwa kagayidwe kachakudya kosagwiritsa ntchito dongosolo la endocrine lokha. Chifukwa chake, ndikofunikira kudya zakudya zoyenera.
Kuchokera pamwambapa, mfundo zazikuluzakudya zimatha kusiyanitsidwa:
- zakudya m'magawo ang'onoang'ono, kangapo patsiku;
- kudya kochepa kwamadzi - malita awiri;
- Osamva njala kapena kudya kwambiri;
- chakudya chamadzulo chizikhala chopepuka, muyenera kumadziyika nokha kapu yamkaka yopaka kapena magalamu 150 a kanyumba tchizi;
- zipatso ziyenera kuphatikizidwa ndi kadzutsa;
- pakukonza masamba azakudya masamba okhaokha;
- Zinthu zomwe mungasankhe malinga ndi GI.
Zakudya zonse za anthu odwala matenda ashuga azikhala ndi index yotsika ya glycemic. Endocrinologists amatsatira chizindikiro ichi pakukonzekera kudya mankhwala.
Kuphatikiza pa kuwunika mfundo zopatsa thanzi, munthu sayenera kuyiwala za chithandizo chovomerezeka cha kutentha, chomwe cholinga chake ndi kusapezeka kwa cholesterol yoyipa m'mbale.
Kuphika kumaloledwa motere:
- chithupsa;
- kwa okwatirana;
- mu microwave;
- kuphika mu uvuni;
- mu kuphika pang'onopang'ono;
- mphodza, gwiritsani ntchito mafuta ochepa a masamba.
Ndikofunikira kupatula payokha lingaliro la GI ndikuphunzira palokha, kupanga zakudya, kutengera zomwe mumakonda.
Inde, kusankha kwa odwala omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga kumakulirakulira ndipo amakulolani kuphika zakudya zambiri zathanzi.
GI zopangira zakudya mankhwala
Glycemic index ndi chizindikiro chomwe chimawonetsa zotsatira za chinthu china mutatha kugwiritsa ntchito pakuwonjezera shuga. Zogulitsa zomwe zili ndi GI yotsika zimakhala ndi zovuta kuthana ndi chakudya chamagulu, zomwe sizofunikira kokha kwa wodwala, komanso kwa nthawi yayitali zimamupatsa chidwi.
Odwala matenda ashuga ayenera kusankha m'magulu omwe zakudya zomwe zimakhala ndi GI yotsika. Zakudya zokhala ndi mtengo wapakati zimatha kukhala m'zakudya zokha nthawi zina, osaposa kawiri pa sabata. High GI yazogulitsa imatha kukweza glucose kukula mpaka 4 mmol / l munthawi yochepa.
Mndandanda wa glycemic wa zinthu umagawika m'magulu atatu. Koma kuwonjezera pa mtengo uwu, muyenera kulabadira zomwe zili ndi chakudya chama calorie. Chifukwa chake, chakudya china chili ndi mtengo wa mayunitsi, koma chimakhala ndi cholesterol yoyipa komanso zopatsa mphamvu zambiri.
Mafuta owala amatenga mafuta anyama, omwe alibe chakudya ndipo ali ndi mayunitsi 0, koma amatsimikiziridwa kwa odwala matenda ashuga. GI:
- 0 - 50 PIECES - otsika;
- 50 - 69 PIECES - wapakatikati;
- zoposa 70 PIECES - okwera.
Pali tebulo lapadera lazinthu zokhala ndi ma index, kotero kuti nkosavuta kwa wodwalayo kudzipangira yekha mndandanda. Zogulitsa zina pambuyo pa kutentha zimatha kukulitsa index - awa ndi beets ndi kaloti. Mwanthawi yaiwisi amaloledwa, koma ophika pansi pa chiletso.
Zakudya zochiritsika zimakupatsani mwayi wophika zakudya zamasamba ngati awa:
- anyezi;
- mitundu yonse ya kabichi - kabichi yoyera ndi yofiira, nthambi za Brussels, kolifulawa, broccoli;
- adyo
- biringanya;
- Phwetekere
- nyemba zobiriwira ndi nyemba za katsitsumzukwa;
- mphodza
- nandolo;
- squash;
- nkhaka.
Anthu ambiri amazolowera kukhala ndi mbatata pagome pawo. Koma ndi matenda "okoma", ndibwino kukana chifukwa cha GI yapamwamba. Nthawi zina, akaganiza kuti adye ma tubers, ayenera kuyamba kunyowa m'madzi usiku. Chifukwa chake, mutha kuthana ndi wowuma ndikuchepetsa pang'ono index.
Masamba a anthu odwala matenda ashuga amapatsa mavitamini, mchere ndi fiber. Osangokhala saladi zatsopano zomwe zimakonzedwa kuchokera kwa iwo, komanso mbale zam'mbali, komanso mbale zovuta. Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya kukoma imaloledwa ndi amadyera - sipinachi, letesi, oregano, basil, katsabola ndi parsley.
Zipatso ndizofunikanso pakudya. Mlingo wololedwa tsiku lililonse suyenera kupitilira 150 - 200 magalamu. Simungathe kupanga zipatso kuchokera ku zipatso ngakhale ndi index yotsika. Ndi mankhwalawa, amachepetsa fiber ndipo glucose amalowa m'magazi kwambiri.
Mukamadya, zipatso ndi zipatso zotsatirazi zimaloledwa:
- Cherry
- Apurikoti
- peyala;
- nectarine;
- Persimmon;
- currants akuda ndi ofiira;
- mitundu yonse ya zipatso za malalanje - lalanje, ndimu, mphesa, mandarin, pomelo ndi laimu;
- jamu;
- chitumbuwa chokoma;
- pichesi.
Pali zinthu zambiri zamtengo wapatali mu zipatso zouma, zoposa 50 magalamu patsiku zimaloledwa. Ndikwabwino kuwonjezera zipatso zouma ku mbewu monga chimanga, ndikupanga chakudya chokwanira. Zipatso zouma zokhala ndi GI yotsika - ma apricots owuma, prunes ndi nkhuyu.
Nyama, offal, nsomba ndi nsomba zam'madzi ndizonso zimagwiritsidwa ntchito tsiku lililonse. Nthawi yomweyo, nsomba ziyenera kupezeka kangapo katatu pachakudya cha sabata iliyonse. Mitundu yamafuta ochepa ndi nyama ndi nsomba zimasankhidwa. Khungu ndi zotsalira zamafuta zimachotsedwa kwa iwo, momwe mulibe mavitamini, koma cholesterol yoyipa yokha.
Malonda otsatirawa amalimbikitsidwa ndi endocrinologists:
- nyama yankhuku;
- nyama ya kalulu;
- nkhuku;
- ng'ombe;
- zinziri;
- chiwindi cha nkhuku;
- ng'ombe chiwindi;
- lilime la ng'ombe;
- mapapu a ng'ombe.
Palibe zoletsa pazosankha zam'madzi am'nyanja. Kuchokera ku nsomba, mutha kusankha pollock, hake, pike kapena nsomba.
Mbale zimatipatsa mphamvu, motero zimapereka kukhudzika kwa nthawi yayitali. Ena mwa iwo ali ndi GI yapamwamba, makamaka mpunga woyera. Njira yake idzakhala ya bulauni (ya bulauni), yomwe GI yake ndi 50 PESCES. Imaphika nthawi yayitali - pafupifupi mphindi 45.
Pearl barele imatengedwa kuti ndi phala lofunikira kwambiri, GI yake imangokhala 22 PESCES. Mitundu ina ya tirigu imaloledwa:
- balere wogulira;
- zitsamba;
- oatmeal;
- phala la tirigu.
Mwa njira, makulidwe a phala, amatsitsa mndandanda wake.
Pali zoletsa zochepa pa mkaka ndi mkaka. Zonsezi ndizokhazikitsidwa ndi zakudya zamafuta. Chifukwa chake, sichingakhale bwino kukana kirimu wowawasa, margarine ndi batala.
Mankhwala
Ngati mothandizidwa ndi chithandizo cha zakudya sizingatheke kukwaniritsa zotsatira zomwe mukufuna, dokotala amakakamizidwa kuti apereke mankhwala ochepetsa shuga. Kusankhidwa kwawo pamsika wamankhwala ndikokulira.
Mankhwala odziletsa amaletsedwa, popeza mapiritsi onse ali ndi zotsatirapo zawo. Ndi endocrinologist wokhayo amene angasankhe mapiritsi oyenera kwa wodwalayo, poganizira mawonekedwe ake komanso momwe matendawo aliri.
Cholinga cha mankhwala ochepetsa shuga ndikulimbikitsa maselo a pancreatic kuti achulukitse kupanga kwa insulin kwambiri kotero kuti ili m'magazi pazofunikira.
TOP - Mankhwala 5 odziwika bwino a matenda "okoma":
- Glucobai - amachepetsa kuyamwa kwa ma polysaccharides m'magazi;
- mankhwala a gulu la sulfonylurea, mwachitsanzo, Glisoxepide, cholinga chake ndi kuchepetsa kukana insulini;
- Pioglitazone (thiazolidinone zotumphukira) - zimalimbikitsa chidwi cha maselo ndi zimakhala kuti apange insulin;
- Novonorm - imawonjezera mphamvu ya kapamba, mwakutero imapanga insulini yambiri.
- Mlingo wosiyanasiyana Metformin 850 kapena 1000 umakulitsa chidwi cha maselo ndi minyewa kupita ku insulin.
Mankhwala osokoneza bongo amayamba ndi kukhazikitsidwa kwa amodzi mwa mankhwalawa omwe ali pamwambapa.
Ngakhale atakhala kuti sizotheka kutulutsa shuga m'magazi, ndiye kuti mankhwalawa akuphatikiza magulu angapo am'mapiritsi ochepetsa shuga.
Njira zina
Pamaso pa matenda a shuga a 2, chithandizo chizikhala ndi zinthu zokwanira zolimbitsa thupi. Izi zimagwira monga chindapusa chabwino cha misempha yambiri.
Ndiye kuti, akasewera masewera olimbitsa thupi, njira zonse za metabolic zimathandizira, ndipo glucose imatengedwa mwachangu.
Phunziroli liyenera kuperekedwa osachepera theka la ola patsiku. Ngati simungathe kuzichita tsiku lililonse, ndiye kuti mukuyenera kupita kwa mphindi makumi anayi.
Mutha kusankha masewera olimbitsa thupi a odwala matenda ashuga a mtundu wachiwiri:
- Yoga
- Kuyenda kwa Nordic
- Kuyenda
- kuthamanga;
- kuyendetsa njinga
- kusambira.
Ngati munthu akufuna kuphunzira kunyumba, ndiye pa intaneti pali makanema ambiri operekedwa makamaka kwa odwala matenda ashuga.
Ngati maphunzirowo akuchitika kunja kwa nyumbayo ndipo pambuyo pawo pali kumverera kwanjala, ndiye kuti amaloledwa kupanga chakudya chowonjezera - chakudya. Njira yabwino ikhoza kukhala magalamu 50 a mtedza, omwe ali ndi mapuloteni opatsa thanzi, ali ndi GI yotsika ndipo ali ndi mwayi wolimbana ndi chilakolako chofuna kudya. Osangodutsa muyeso yovomerezeka tsiku lililonse, chifukwa zoterezi zimakhala ndi ma calorie ambiri.
Kuchokera pazonse zomwe zili pamwambapa, ziyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito kuti kuwonetsedwa kwa matenda ashuga kumatha kuchepetsedwa pogwiritsa ntchito malamulo awiri okha: kutsatira mfundo zamankhwala othandizira odwala matenda ashuga komanso kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi pafupipafupi.
Mu kanema munkhaniyi, adotolo azikambirana zakufunika kwa mankhwalawa pakudya kwa matenda ashuga a 2.
