Kwa matenda ashuga, gawo lofunikira lomwe limatsimikizira njira ina yamatenda ndikuwazindikira koyambirira, pomwe njira za metabolic zimatha kukhalabe chifukwa cha kuphatikizika kwa insulini pancreas.
Chifukwa chake, kudziwika kwa magulu omwe ali pachiwopsezo cha matenda osokoneza bongo kungathandize kuzindikira mwa anthu omwe ali m'magulu oterowo chizolowezi chokhala ndi matenda ashuga ndikuyamba kupewetsa matendawa pakalibe kuwonetsedwa kwa matenda.
Ndikulimbikitsidwa kuwongolera kuchuluka kwa shuga kwa aliyense yemwe ali ndi zinthu zomwe zimakhudza chitukuko cha matenda osachepera 1 pachaka, komanso kusintha moyo wawo, kuwonjezera masewera olimbitsa thupi, komanso kusintha zakudya zawo.
Zosawopsa zomwe zimayambitsa matenda a shuga
Pali zifukwa zomwe zimayambitsa matenda a shuga omwe munthu sangathe kuwalimbikitsa, koma izi sizitanthauza kuti anthu onse amakhala ndi matenda ashuga ngati alipo. Kukhalapo kwa chimodzi kapena zingapo za gululi ndi chifukwa chokhala ndi chidwi kwambiri ndi thanzi lanu komanso kukhazikitsa njira zosavuta zoteteza.
Chofunikira kwambiri chotsimikizira kukula kwa matenda a shuga ndikudziwikiratu zamtundu. Ngati muli ndi abale anu apamtima omwe adapezeka kuti ali ndi matenda a shuga, mwayi wodwala umawonjezeka. Ngati kholo limodzi lidadwala matenda amtundu 1, ndiye kuti mayi akhoza kudwala ndi 10% kuchokera kwa abambo.
Ngati muli ndi makolo onse odwala (kapena abale awo apamtima, odwala matenda ashuga), mwayi wolandira matenda a shuga ukuwonjezeka kufika pa 70%. Poterepa, mtundu wachiwiri wa matenda ashuga wochokera kwa makolo odwala umafalikira pafupifupi 100%, ndipo ngati wodwala atadwala, mwana akhoza kudwala matenda ashuga 80% ya milandu.
Chiwopsezo cha kudwala matenda a shuga chikuwonjezereka ndi ukalamba kwa mtundu wachiwiri wa matenda, ndipo kukuwonjezereka kwa matenda ashuga m'mitundu ina, omwe amaphatikiza anthu wamba a Kumpoto, Siberia, Buryatia ndi Caucasus.
Matenda amtundu wa chibadwa nthawi zambiri amapezeka pa ma chromosomes omwe amachititsa kuti ziwonetsero zikuluzikulu zizigwirizana, koma pali zovuta zina zobadwa mwatsopano zomwe shuga imayamba:
- Porphyria.
- Down Syndrome.
- Myotonic dystrophy.
- Turner Syndrome.
Matenda oyambitsa matenda a shuga
Matenda a ma virus ndi omwe nthawi zambiri amayambitsa zomwe zimachitika pakupanga ma autoantibodies ku ma cell a kapamba kapena zigawo zake. Izi ndizofunikira kwambiri ku mtundu woyamba wa matenda ashuga. Komanso, kachilomboka kangathe kuwononga mwachindunji maselo a beta.
Nthawi zambiri, chitukuko cha matenda a shuga chimadziwika pambuyo pobadwa nako kachilombo ka rubella, Coxsackie, cytomegalovirus matenda, chikuku, mumps ndi hepatitis, palinso milandu ya matenda ashuga pambuyo pa matenda a chimfine.
Kuchita kwa ma virus kumaonekeranso mwa anthu omwe ali ndi cholowa cholemetsa kapena ngati njira yopatsirana ikuphatikizidwa ndi matenda a endocrine system ndikuwonjezera kulemera. Chifukwa chake, kachilomboka sindiye amene amayambitsa matenda ashuga, koma amakhala ngati oyambitsa matenda.
Mu matenda a kapamba, monga, pachimake komanso kupweteka kwamatumbo, kapangidwe ka necosis kapena chotupa, kuvulala kwam'mimba, cystic fibrosis, komanso fibrocalculeous pancreatopathy, kumatha kukhala ndi zizindikiro za hyperglycemia zomwe zimasanduka shuga.
Nthawi zambiri, ndikutha kwa njira yotupa komanso zakudya zoyenera, matendawa amatha.
Gulu lina lomwe lili pachiwopsezo cha matenda osokoneza bongo ndi endocrine system matenda. Ndi ma pathologies oterowo, mwayi wa zovuta za carbohydrate metabolism ukuwonjezeka chifukwa cha zochita za mahomoni olimbana ndi mahomoni pituitary, gland ya adrenal, hypothalamus, ndi chithokomiro cha chithokomiro. Mavutowa onse amatsogolera magazi akulu.
Nthawi zambiri kuphatikizapo shuga:
- Itsenko-Cushing's syndrome.
- Thirotooticosis.
- Acromegaly.
- Polycystic ovary syndrome.
- Pheochromocytoma.
Matenda a mimbayo amathanso kuuzidwa ndi gululi, momwe azimayi amawerengedwa kuti ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu chotenga matenda ashuga: kukhala ndi mwana wolemera kilogalamu 4.5 kapena kuposerapo, ma pathologies apakati omwe amatsogolera kusokonezeka, kutukuka kwa fetal, kubereka, komanso kukhalanso ndi gestational matenda ashuga.
Mavuto Amadyedwe ndi Mavuto A shuga
Choopsa chachikulu kwambiri (chosinthika) cha matenda ashuga ndi kunenepa kwambiri. Kuchepetsa thupi ngakhale makilogalamu asanu kungakhudze kwambiri matendawa. Choopsa kwambiri kuyambira pakuwoneka kwa kusokonezeka kwa chakudya cham'mimba ndikutsitsidwa kwa mafuta m'dera m'chiuno, mwa amuna omwe ali pachiwopsezo chofika m'chiuno ndi apamwamba kuposa 102 cm, ndipo mwa azimayi omwe ali ndi masikono oposa 88 cm.
Chofunikanso ndi mzere wamisili, womwe umawerengedwa pogawa kulemera kwake ndi mainchesiwo kutalika kwa mita. Kwa odwala matenda ashuga, zofunika pamtunda wa 27 kg / m2 ndizofunikira. Ndi kuchepa kwa thupi, ndikotheka kubwezeretsa chidwi cha minofu ku insulin, komanso kulipiritsa chiwonetsero cha matenda ashuga a mtundu 2.
Kuphatikiza apo, ndi kukula kwa kulemera, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti insulini yogwira ntchito m'magazi isamatsike, zomwe zili lipids, cholesterol, glucose, kuthamanga kwa magazi, komanso zovuta za matenda a shuga zimalephereka.
Kuti muchepetse kunenepa tikulimbikitsidwa:
- Kusiyidwa kwathunthu kwa zakudya zosavuta za chakudya zamafuta m'maselo a shuga ndi shuga oyera, zakudya zamafuta a nyama, komanso zowonjezera zonunkhira ndi zoteteza.
- Nthawi yomweyo, chakudyacho chizikhala ndi masamba okwanira, zakudya zamafuta, zakudya zama protein ochepa.
- Njala sayenera kuloledwa kuchitika, chifukwa muyenera kupeza chakudya ndi wotchi 6
- Ndikofunikira kutafuna chakudya chokwanira, kudya pang'onopang'ono.
- Nthawi yotsiriza simungadye kuposa maola 3 musanagone
- Menyuyi iyenera kukhala yosiyanasiyana ndikuphatikiza zachilengedwe.
Kwa ana aang'ono, chiopsezo chokhala ndi matenda a shuga chimawonjezeka ndikusintha koyambirira kwa kudyetsa kwachakudya, kuyambitsa koyambirira kwa zakudya zowonjezera ndi zopatsa mphamvu zosavuta.
Zina zomwe zimayambitsa matenda a shuga
Zomwe zimayambitsa matenda a shuga mellitus mwa akulu zimaphatikizapo kutenga ma diuretics kuchokera ku gulu la thiazides, beta-blockers, mahomoni a mahomoni omwe amaphatikiza ndi glucocorticoid, mahomoni ogonana, kuphatikiza kulera, mahomoni a chithokomiro.
Kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi ochepa kumachepetsa kagayidwe kachakudya mthupi, kuphatikizapo kusokoneza magwiritsidwe ntchito a shuga, omwe amachokera mu chakudya, komanso kusachita masewera olimbitsa thupi kumakwiyitsa kuchuluka kwa mafuta komanso kuchepa kwamisempha. Chifukwa chake, zochitika zolimbitsa thupi zomwe zimapangidwa zimawonetsedwa kwa onse omwe ali pachiwopsezo cha matenda ashuga.
Nthawi zambiri pamachitika matenda a shuga mellitus akapezeka motsutsana ndi kupsinjika kwakukulu, chifukwa chake, pakachitika zoopsa, timalimbikitsidwa kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi, kuphatikiza masiku oyenda pafupifupi ola limodzi, ndi njira zopumulira.
Kanemayo munkhaniyi ayankhula za zinthu zomwe zikuwonetseratu matenda ashuga.