Matenda a shuga ndi matenda omwe kagayidwe kachakudya, minyewa yam'mimba komanso mitsempha imachitika chifukwa chosowa insulini. Mtundu woyamba wa matenda ashuga, kuperewera kwa insulin kulibe kanthu, chifukwa kapamba amataya mphamvu.
Matenda a 2 a mtunduwu amapezeka chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa insulin komwe kumachitika chifukwa cha kukana minyewa imeneyi. Mtundu woyamba wa matenda ashuga, kuikidwa kwa insulin ndikofunikira, popanda kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwalawa panthawi yake, ketoacidosis yoopsa yomwe imayamba.
Matenda a shuga a Type 2 amathanso kukhala osokoneza bongo, pamene insulin yeniyeniyo imatha kupangidwa, komanso ngati mapiritsi sangathe kulipiritsa hyperglycemia. Mutha kuyendetsa insulin m'njira yachikhalidwe - ndi syringe kapena cholembera, chida chamakono cha odwala matenda ashuga, chotchedwa pampu ya insulin.
Kodi pampu ya insulin imagwira ntchito bwanji?
Zipangizo za anthu odwala matenda ashuga, monga pampu ya insulin, zikuchulukirachulukira. Chiwerengero cha odwala chikuwonjezeka, chifukwa chake, kuti athane ndi matendawa pamafunika chida chothandiza kuti athandizire kuperekera mankhwala mosamala.
Chipangizocho ndi pampu yomwe imatulutsa insulin pamalamulo oyendetsedwa ndi kayendetsedwe ka kayendedwe, imagwiritsa ntchito mfundo zachinsinsi za insulin m'thupi la munthu wathanzi. Mkati mwa pampu mumakhala bokosi la insulin. Chotupa chosinthika cha ma hormone chimakhala ndi cannula yoti ingayikidwe pansi pa khungu ndi machubu angapo olumikiza.
Kuchokera pazithunzi mutha kudziwa kukula kwa chipangizocho - chikufanana ndi pager. Insulini yochokera kuchosunga kudzera mu ngalande imadutsa mu cannula kupita munthaka ya subcutaneous. Chovuta, kuphatikiza posungira komanso cholembera kuyika, chimatchedwa infusion system. Ndi gawo lina lomwe matenda ashuga amafunika kusintha pambuyo masiku atatu ogwiritsa ntchito.
Pofuna kupewa kutengera kwa ma insulin, panthawi yomweyo ndikusintha kachitidwe ka kulowetsedwa, malo omwe amapezeka ndi mankhwalawa amasintha. Cannula imayikidwa nthawi zambiri m'mimba, m'chiuno, kapena malo ena omwe insulin imalowetsedwa ndi njira zamakono zopangira jakisoni.
Zina za pampu kwa odwala omwe ali ndi matenda oopsa:
- Mutha kukonzekera kuchuluka kwa insulin yobereka.
- Kutumikiridwa ikuchitika yaying'ono.
- Mtundu umodzi wa insulin yocheperako kapena ultrashort kanthu umagwiritsidwa ntchito.
- Malowedwe owonjezera a mankhwalawa amaperekedwa kwa hyperglycemia yayikulu.
- Kupezeka kwa insulin ndikokwanira masiku angapo.
Chipangizocho chimapangidwira ndi insulin iliyonse yomwe ikuchita mwachangu, koma mitundu ya ultrashort ili ndi mwayi: Humalog, Apidra kapena NovoRapid. Mlingo umatengera chitsanzo cha pampu - kuchokera pa 0,025 mpaka 0,1 PIECES pakugulitsa. Izi magawo a kuchuluka kwa timadzi timadzi mu magazi amabweretsa njira yoyendetsera kuyandikira kwachilengedwe.
Popeza kuchuluka kwa insulini yakumbuyo yakumbuyo sikunafanane panthawi zosiyanasiyana zamasiku, zida zamakono zimatha kuzindikira kusintha kumeneku. Malinga ndi ndandanda, mutha kusintha kuchuluka kwa insulin kutuluka m'magazi mphindi 30 zilizonse.
Asanadye, chipangizocho chimakonzedwa pamanja. Mlingo wa bolus wa mankhwalawa zimatengera kapangidwe kazakudya.
Ubwino wa pampu yodwala
Pampu ya insulin siyingachiritse matenda ashuga, koma kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwake kumathandiza kuti moyo wa wodwala ukhale wabwino. Choyamba, zida zimachepetsa kusinthasintha kwakanthawi kwa shuga m'magazi, zomwe zimatengera kusintha kwa kuthamanga kwa insulin ya nthawi yayitali.
Mankhwala ofupikira ndi a ultrashort omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kupangira chipangizocho kukhala ndi chokhazikika komanso chodalirika, kuyamwa kwawo m'magazi kumachitika nthawi yomweyo, ndipo mankhwalawo ndi ochepa, zomwe zimachepetsa chiopsezo cha zovuta za jakisoni wothandizidwa ndi matenda a shuga.
Pampu ya insulin imathandizira kudziwa kuchuluka kwa insulin. Izi zimaganizira kukhudzika kwaumwini, kusinthasintha kwa tsiku ndi tsiku, chakudya chokwanira, komanso glycemia ya wodwala aliyense. Magawo onsewa amalowetsedwa mu pulogalamuyi, yomwe imawerengera yekha kuchuluka kwa mankhwalawo.
Kuwongolera koteroko kumakupatsani mwayi woganizira chizindikiro cha shuga wamagazi, komanso kuchuluka kwa zakudya zomwe zimapangidwira kuti muzidya. Ndikotheka kutumiza mlingo wa bolus osati nthawi yomweyo, koma agawireni munthawi yake. Kufunikira kwa mpope wa insulin malinga ndi anthu odwala matenda ashuga omwe ali ndi zaka zopitilira 20 ndi kofunikira pa phwando lalitali komanso kugwiritsa ntchito pang'onopang'ono chakudya.
Zotsatira zoyenera kugwiritsa ntchito pampu ya insulin:
- Gawo laling'ono pakayendetsedwe ka insulin (0,1 PESCES) komanso kutsimikiza kwakukulu kwa mankhwala.
- Nthawi 15 zopweteka pakhungu.
- Kuwongolera shuga wamagazi ndikusintha kwa chiwongola dzanja cha mahomoni kutengera zotsatira zake.
- Kudula mitengo, kusungirako glycemia ndi kumwa kwa mankhwalawo kuyambira mwezi umodzi mpaka miyezi isanu ndi umodzi, ndikuwasamutsa pakompyuta kuti iwasanthule.
Zizindikiro ndi zotsutsana pakukhazikitsa pampu
Pofuna kusinthana ndi insulin makina ogwiritsa ntchito pampu, wodwalayo ayenera kuphunzitsidwa bwino momwe angakhalire magawo a kupatsirana kwa mankhwalawa, komanso kudziwa mlingo wa insulin pakudya ndi chakudya.
Pampu ya matenda a shuga ikhoza kukhazikitsidwa pokhapokha wodwalayo atapempha. Ndikofunika kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwalawa pakakhala zovuta pakulipiritsa matendawa, ngati kuchuluka kwa hemoglobin ya glycated mu akulu kuli pamwamba pa 7%, ndipo mwa ana - 7.5%, komanso kusinthasintha kwakukulu pakuchitika kwa shuga m'magazi.
Chithandizo cha insulin chokhazikitsidwa ndi mapampu chimawonetsedwa ndi madontho a shuga pafupipafupi, makamaka kuwukiridwa kwamphamvu usiku. Ndikulimbikitsidwa kugwiritsa ntchito chipangizochi kwa odwala omwe ali ndi vuto losiyanasiyana la insulin, kwa ana, ndi kuchepetsedwa kukula kwa matenda a shuga a autoimmune ndi mitundu yake ya monogenic.
Contraindication yokhazikitsa pampu:
- Kuzindikira kwa wodwala.
- Kulephera kudziletsa maluso a glycemia ndi kusintha kwa insulin kutengera chakudya ndi zochita zolimbitsa thupi.
- Matenda amisala.
- Masomphenya otsika.
- Kutheka kwa kuyang'aniridwa kwamankhwala nthawi yophunzitsira.
Ndikofunikira kuganizira za chiopsezo cha hyperglycemia chifukwa pakalibe insulin yayitali m'magazi. Ngati vutoli lasokonekera, ndiye kuti mankhwala atasiya kugwira ntchito, ketoacidosis imayamba pakatha maola 4, ndipo pambuyo pake nthenda ya matenda ashuga.
Odwala ambiri amafunikira chida cha pampu insulin, koma ndi okwera mtengo. Pankhaniyi, njira yothandizira odwala matenda ashuga atha kulandira kwaulere kuchokera kwa ndalama zomwe boma lagawa. Kuti muchite izi, muyenera kulumikizana ndi endocrinologist kumalo komwe mumakhala, kuti mupeze malingaliro pazakufunika kotereku kuperekera insulin.
Mtengo wa chipangizocho umadalira luso lake: kuchuluka kwa thankiyo, mwayi wosintha momwe mulili, poganizira momwe mankhwalawo alili, kuchuluka kwa chakudya, kuchuluka kwa glycemia, alamu, ndi kukana kwamadzi.
Kwa odwala omwe ali ndi vuto lowona, muyenera kuyang'anira chidwi chake pakuwala, mawonekedwe ake ndi kukula kwake.
Momwe mungawerengere Mlingo wa insulin
Mukasinthira pampu, mlingo wa insulin umatsika pafupifupi 20%. Potere, mlingo woyambira udzakhala theka la mankhwalawa omwe amaperekedwa. Poyamba, amathandizira pamlingo womwewo, kenako wodwala amayeza kuchuluka kwa glycemia masana ndikusintha mlingo, poganizira zomwe zidapezeka, osapitirira 10%.
Chitsanzo cha kuwerengetsa mlingo: musanagwiritse ntchito pampu, wodwalayo amalandira mapiritsi 60 a insulin tsiku lililonse. Pa pampu, mlingo ndi 20% kutsika, ndiye muyenera 48 mayunitsi. Mwa izi, theka la basal ndi magulu 24, ndipo otsalawo amayamba nawo asanadye kaye.
Kuchuluka kwa insulini yomwe iyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito musanadye chakudya chimatsimikiziridwa pamanja molingana ndi mfundo zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pamayendedwe amakono ndi syringe. Kusintha koyambirira kumachitika m'madipatimenti apadera a insulin therapy, pomwe wodwalayo amayang'aniridwa ndi achipatala mosamala.
Zosankha zama insulin
- Zoyimira. Insulin imayendetsedwa kamodzi. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga chakudya chochuluka muzakudya komanso zomanga thupi zochepa.
- Lalikulu. Insulin imagawidwa pang'onopang'ono kwa nthawi yayitali. Zimawonetsedwa pakukhuta kwakukulu kwa chakudya ndi mapuloteni ndi mafuta.
- Pawiri. Choyamba, mlingo waukulu umayambitsidwa, ndipo wocheperako umatenga nthawi. Chakudya chokhala ndi njirayi chimakhala ndi chakudya chamafuta kwambiri komanso mafuta.
- Zabwino. Mukamadya ndi index yayikulu ya glycemic, mlingo woyambayo umachuluka. Mfundo za kayendetsedwe kamafanana ndi mtundu wamba.
Zovuta za Pulogalamu ya Insulin
Zovuta zambiri za pump insulin Therapy zimachitika chifukwa chakuti chipangizocho chimatha kukhala ndi vuto laukadaulo: pulogalamu yovuta, kutseka kwa mankhwalawa, kucheka kwa cannula, ndi kulephera kwa magetsi. Zolakwika zotere zopopa zimatha kuyambitsa matenda ashuga a ketoacidosis kapena hypoglycemia, makamaka usiku pamene palibe kuwongolera njirayi.
Mavuto pakugwiritsa ntchito pampu amadziwika ndi odwala akamatenga njira zamadzi, kusewera masewera, kusambira, kugonana, komanso kugona. Kusokonezekaku kumapangitsanso kupezeka kosalekeza kwa machubu ndi ziphuphu pakhungu la pamimba, chiopsezo chachikulu chotenga kachilomboka pamalo a jekeseni wa insulin.
Ngati mutatha kupeza inshuwaransi yaulere, ndiye kuti nkhani yokhudza kugula zinthu zomwe mumakonda ndi yovuta. Mtengo wamankhwala obwezeretsa insulin chifukwa cha njira yoperekera insulin ndiwokwera kangapo kuposa mtengo wa ma insulin kapena cholembera chimbudzi.
Kupititsa patsogolo kachipangizoko kumachitika mosalekeza ndipo kumabweretsa kupangika kwa mitundu yatsopano yomwe ikhoza kupatula kutengera kwa chinthu cha munthu, popeza ali ndi kuthekera kusankha mosamala mlingo wa mankhwalawo, womwe ndi wofunikira pakuyamwa kwa shuga m'magazi mutatha kudya.
Pakadali pano, mapampu a insulin sakhala ambiri chifukwa cha zovuta zomwe amagwiritsa ntchito tsiku lililonse komanso mtengo wokwera wa chipangizocho komanso ma infusion obwezeretsanso. Kuchepa kwawo sikuzindikirika ndi odwala onse, ambiri amakonda jakisoni achikhalidwe.
Mulimonsemo, makonzedwe a insulin sangakhale popanda kuwunika pafupipafupi matenda a shuga, kufunika kotsatira malangizo a zakudya, kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi a shuga komanso kuyendera endocrinologist.
Kanemayo munkhaniyi akufotokoza bwino mapampu a insulini.
