Matenda a 2 a shuga ndi njira yokhazikika yomwe imayambitsa matenda a metabolic. Mkulu wama glucose m'magazi a munthu amakhala wapamwamba kuposa kale.
Ndikofunikira, mwamsanga kuti mupewe kuthana ndi matendawa, muchepetse shuga wamagazi ndikusunga chisonyezo. Dokotala ataganizira zomwe zimayambitsa matendawa, mutha kupita kuchipatala.
Vutoli liyenera kuyendetsedwa ndi insulin, mapiritsi ndi zakudya. Mapiritsi a insulin amagwiritsidwanso ntchito. Ndikofunikira kuphunzira mndandanda wazakudya zovomerezeka ndi zoletsedwa, ndikuganiza zamankhwala omwe angabweretse tanthauzo.
Type 2 shuga
Ichi ndi matenda omwe amafunikira chithandizo chamankhwala mwachangu. Pogwiritsa ntchito zakudya zama carb ochepa, mutha kukwanitsa kuchepa kwa shuga wamagazi ngati mumapitilirabe.
Ndikulakwitsa kukhulupirira kuti zakudya zamafuta sizikhala zoipa.
Pogwiritsa ntchito zakudya zoyenera, simungangokulitsa shuga m'magazi, komanso kuchepa kwa magazi ndi "cholesterol" yoyipa.
Ndi matenda 2 a shuga, zovuta zowopsa izi zimawonekera:
- matenda amtima
- zigawenga za m'munsi,
- kuchepa kwa masomphenya
- osagwira bwino impso.
Mtundu 2 wa matenda ashuga, kudziwikiratu ndikofunikira. Odwala amapita kwa dokotala, nthawi zambiri matendawa atadwala. Panthawi imeneyi, zizindikiro zazikulu zimawonedwa kale.
Mankhwala, njira zimagwiritsidwa ntchito zomwe zimafotokoza kuchuluka kwa shuga. Ngati matenda akukayikiridwa, shuga wamagazi amayenera kuyesedwa. Kutengera ndi zotsatira za kafukufukuyu, matenda atha kupangidwa:
- prediabetes
- matenda ashuga
- kulolerana kwa shuga.
Nthawi zina, zimakhala zovuta kusiyanitsa matenda amtundu 1 ndi matenda 2. Matenda awa amathandizidwa mosiyanasiyana, choncho kuzindikira koyenera ndikofunika kwambiri. Odwala onse omwe ali ndi matenda amtundu wa 2 amakhala onenepa komanso onenepa kwambiri.
Ngati munthu ali wonda kapena wowonda, ndiye kuti alibe matenda a shuga 2. Mwambiri, matendawa ndi mtundu wa autoimmune wa mtundu 1 wa shuga kapena LADA.
Mwa anthu omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga a 2, kuchuluka kwa C-peptide ndi insulin m'magazi kumakwezeka kapena kwabwinobwino, mwa anthu omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga 1 amakhala otsika. Matenda a Type 2 amapangidwa pang'onopang'ono, matenda a shuga 1 amayamba nthawi zonse. Matenda a diabetes 1 amtundu amakhala ndi ma antibodies kuma cell a pancreatic beta ndi insulin m'magazi awo.
Matenda a shuga a Type 1 si chiganizo, komabe, muyenera kuyamba kuchira nthawi yomweyo, chifukwa gawo lomaliza la matendawa limatha kupangitsa munthu kufa. Nthawi zina, mtundu wonenepa 2 umayamba kuchepa thupi msanga.
Mankhwala osokoneza bongo amasiya kuthandizira ndipo shuga ya magazi amawonjezeka mofulumira. Izi zikutanthauza kuti chifukwa cha chithandizo cholakwika chosagwirizana, matenda a shuga a 2 asintha kukhala matenda ashuga amtundu woyamba.
Ndikofunikira mwachangu kuyamba jakisoni wa insulin.
Zoyambira mapiritsi a insulin
Makampani omwe akhudzidwa popanga mankhwala akhala akuganiza za mtundu wina wamankhwala womwe ungalowe m'thupi la wodwalayo popanda jakisoni.
Chifukwa chake, funso loti ndi liti silabwino.
Kwa nthawi yoyamba, mapiritsi a insulin adayamba kupangidwa ndi asayansi aku Israeli ndi Australia. Anthu omwe adatenga nawo mbali m'maphunzirowa adatsimikizira kuti mapiritsi ndiabwino kwambiri komanso osavuta kuposa jakisoni. Kumwa insulin pakamwa ndikosavuta komanso mwachangu, pomwe magwiridwe antchito samachepetsedwa.
Poyeserera nyama zimachitika, asayansi amakonzekera kupita kukayesa insulin m'mapiritsi, pakati pa anthu. Kenako ayamba kupanga misa. Pakadali pano, Russia ndi India ali okonzeka kwathunthu kuti atulutsidwe mankhwala.
Mapiritsi ali ndi zabwino zambiri:
- ndizosavuta kunyamula
- kumwa piritsi ndikosavuta kuposa kupereka jakisoni,
- Popanda kupweteka.
Phindu la mapiritsi a insulin
Matenda a shuga ndi matenda omwe amawonetsedwa m'magazi a shuga ambiri chifukwa chosowa (matenda a shuga 1 kapena kusowa (mtundu 2 shuga) katulutsidwe ka insulin. Insulin ndi timadzi timene timayendetsa kagayidwe, makamaka, chakudya, komanso mapuloteni komanso mafuta.
Ndi matenda a shuga, kagayidwe kamatupa, motero, kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi kumachuluka, kumayesedwa mkodzo. Matupi a Ketone amawonekera msanga m'magazi - zopangidwa ndi kuwonongeka kwamafuta.
Glucose amapezeka m'magazi a munthu akatha kudya. Poyankha kuchuluka kwa shuga, kapamba amatulutsa insulini yomwe imalowa m'chiwindi kudzera m'mitsempha yamagazi ndi zinthu zomwe zimayamwa.
Nayo chiwindi chimawongolera kuchuluka kwa insulini yomwe imafikira ziwalo zina. Munthu wodwala matenda a shuga akapaka jakisoni wa insulin, ndiye kuti insulin yomweyo imalowa m'magazi.
Popanda kuwongolera chiwindi, zomwe zikuwonetsedwa pamavuto osiyanasiyana, mwachitsanzo:
- matenda a mtima,
- kukanika kwa ubongo ndi ena.
Anthu ambiri akukayika ngati mapiritsi a insulin angatengedwe. Madokotala amakhulupirira kuti otetezeka kwambiri amatenga mapiritsi a insulini. Popanga chisankho: jakisoni kapena mapiritsi, ndikofunikira kudziwa kuti kufunika kwa jakisoni tsiku ndi tsiku kumayambitsa kuvutika kwakuthupi ndi kwamalingaliro kwa munthu, makamaka ana.
Wodwala akamamwa mapiritsi a insulin, nthawi yomweyo mankhwalawo amalowa m'chiwindi. Njira zina ndizofanana ndi machitidwe m'thupi la munthu wathanzi.
Zotsatira zoyipa zomwe thanzi limayambitsa mukamamwa insulini zimakhala zochepa.
Kapangidwe ka mapiritsi a insulin
Insulin ndi mtundu wina wa mapuloteni omwe kapamba amapanga. Ngati thupi liperewera kwambiri m'thupi, ndiye kuti shuga safika m'matumbo amisempha. Pafupifupi machitidwe ndi ziwalo zonse za munthu zimayamba kudwala matenda ashuga.
Ofufuzawo aku Russia adayamba kupanga mapiritsi a insulin m'ma 90s. Pakadali pano, mankhwala "Ransulin" ali okonzeka kupanga.
Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya insulin yamadzimadzi ya shuga imapezeka. Kugwiritsa ntchito sikoyenera kwa wodwalayo, ngakhale insulinge ndi singano zochotsa.
Komanso, zovuta zimakhalapo pazinthu zakuchuluka za kapangidwe kameneka mu mawonekedwe a piritsi mkati mwa thupi la munthu. Hormayo imakhala ndi mapuloteni ndipo m'mimba mumazindikira kuti ndi chakudya wamba, chifukwa chomwe chimasokoneza kukhala amino acid, ndikumatulutsa michere ina.
Choyamba, asayansi ayenera kuteteza insulin ku ma enzymes kuti ilowe m'magazi athunthu, koma osawonongeka kukhala tinthu tating'onoting'ono. Insulin sayenera kuyanjana ndi chilengedwe cham'mimba ndipo iyenera kulowa m'matumbo ang'onoang'ono momwe idakhalira. Chifukwa chake, chinthucho chimayenera kuphatikizidwa ndi zokutira - chitetezo ku michere. Pankhaniyi, nembanemba iyenera kusungunuka mwachangu m'matumbo.
Asayansi aku Russia apanga ubale wotsimikizika pakati pa mamolekyulu a polymer hydrogel ndi ma inhibitor. Ma polysaccharides nawonso adawonjezeredwa ku hydrogel kotero kuti chinthucho chimalowetsedwa bwino m'matumbo ang'ono.
Ma pectins amapezeka m'matumbo aang'ono; amathandizira kuyamwa kwa zinthu polumikizana ndi ma polysaccharides. Kuphatikiza pa iwo, insulin idayambitsidwanso mu hydrogel. Zinthu zonsezi sizinalumikizane. Pamwamba pa phukusi lidakutidwa, lomwe limapangitsa kuti zisawonongeke pamimba acidic pamimba.
Kamodzi m'mimba mwa munthu, hydrogel yomwe imakhala ndi insulin idatulutsidwa. Polysaccharides adayamba kulumikizana ndi ma pectins, ndipo ma hydrogel adakhazikika pamakoma a matumbo.
Panalibe kusintha kwa choletsa m'matumbo. Inateteza kwathunthu insulini ku zotsatira za asidi komanso kuwonongeka koyambirira. Chifukwa chake, zotsatira zofunika zidakwaniritsidwa, ndiko kuti, insulin idalowa kwathunthu m'magazi a munthu momwe idalili. Ma polima okhala ndi ntchito yoteteza anamuchotsa m'thupi limodzi ndi zinthu zowola.
Asayansi aku Russia adayesera anthu omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga a 2. Poyerekeza ndi jakisoni, odwala adalandira pawiri piritsi la mapiritsi. Kuchulukitsa kwa glucose pamayesedwe awa kunachepetsedwa, koma osachepera ndi jakisoni wa insulin.
Zinadziwika kuti kuchuluka kwa ndende kuyenera kuchulukitsidwa, ndiye kuti mapiritsiwo tsopano anali ndi insulini. Chifukwa chogwiritsa ntchito mankhwalawa, shuga adachepa kuposa jakisoni wa insulin. Komanso, vuto la kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa chimbudzi ndi kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala a insulin ambiri zatha.
Chifukwa chake, thupi lidayamba kulandira ndendende kuchuluka kwa insulini yomwe ikufunika. Zowonjezera zidachotsedwa mwachilengedwe ndi zinthu zina.
Zowonjezera
Kugwiritsa ntchito jakisoni wa insulin pamapiritsi kungasinthidwe, ndipo kwakanthawi, mawonekedwe a piritsiwa ndi oyenera. Komabe, nthawi inayake, mapiritsi amatha kusiya kutsika magazi. Chifukwa chake, ndikofunikira kugwiritsa ntchito mita ya glucose kunyumba.
Minyewa ya ma cell a pancreatic beta yatha nthawi, izi zimakhudza shuga wamagazi nthawi yomweyo. Izi, makamaka, zikuwonetsedwa ndi glycated hemoglobin, yomwe imawonetsa kuchuluka kwa shuga m'miyezi itatu. Onse odwala matenda ashuga ayenera kumayesedwa ndi kuphunzira insulin nthawi zonse.
Ngati chizindikirocho ndichoposa chovomerezeka, ndiye kuti muyenera kuganizira momwe mungapezere mankhwala a insulin. Ntchito zachipatala zikusonyeza kuti ku Russia, pafupifupi 23% ya anthu odwala matenda ashuga 2 amalandila insulini. Awa ndi anthu omwe ali ndi shuga wamagazi ambiri, hemoglobin yawo ya glycated kuchokera 10% kapena kupitirira.
Mankhwala a insulin ndi moyo wonse womangirira jakisoni wa insulin; ichi ndi nthano wamba. Mutha kukana insulini, koma izi ndi zophatikizika ndikubwerera shuga wambiri, zomwe zimayambitsa zovuta zingapo.
Ngati muli ndi mankhwala a insulin oyenera, odwala matenda ashuga amatha kukhala akhama komanso olimba.
Makina amakono a insulin dosing okhala ndi singano zopyapyala amathandizira kuchepetsa zovuta zomwe zimachitika chifukwa chakufuna jekeseni wokhazikika.
Mankhwala a insulin sakhazikitsidwa kwa anthu onse omwe atsala pang'ono kufafaniza masitolo awo a mahomoni. Cholinga cha mankhwalawa chingakhale:
- chibayo, chimfine,
- kutsutsana pakumwa mapiritsi,
- chikhumbo cha munthu chokhala moyo wopanda nkhawa kapena kuthekera kwakudya.
Ndemanga zabwino kwambiri zimachokera kwa anthu odwala matenda ashuga omwe nthawi yomweyo adamwa insulin ndikutsatira zakudya.
Zakudya zopatsa thanzi zimabweretsa thanzi labwino kwa odwala matenda ashuga. Mfundo za njira zochizira matenda ashuga ziyenera kutsatiridwa chifukwa odwala ena amayamba kulemera ndi insulin.
Umoyo wa anthu odwala matenda ashuga omwe amamwa chithandizo chokwanira, bola ngati pali zovuta zina, ndiwokwera kwambiri kuposa anthu athanzi.
Mu kanema mu nkhaniyi, mutu wa mapiritsi a insulin ukupitilizidwa.
