Kudya zakudya zomwe zimakhala ndi shuga ndi mafuta ochulukirapo a nyama, oyeretsedwa kuchokera kuzakudya, motsutsana ndi moyo wokhala pansi komanso malo osavomerezeka kumabweretsa kuti chiwopsezo cha matenda a shuga 2 chikukula.
Njira iyi imadziwika osati wokalamba, komanso odwala omwe ali ndi zaka 18.
Mtundu woyamba wa shuga umalembedwa pang'onopang'ono, kukula kwake kumalumikizidwa ndikuwonongeka kwa autoimmune kwa kapamba mothandizidwa ndi zinthu zoopsa, mankhwala kapena matenda a virus.
Pofuna kudziwa matenda a shuga, kuwunika ma labotale kumachitika - kuphunzira za shuga wamagazi.
Glucose wabwinobwino
Magazi a m'magazi amawonetsa mphamvu ya thupi yopanga ndikuyankhira insulini. Chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa shuga m'magazi, masitolo a glycogen kapena angapangidwe kumene m'chiwindi sangathe kulowa mu khungu. Mwazi wake wokwezeka umawononga kwambiri magazi ndi mitsempha.
Mwazi wa magazi umakwera ndipo ndi wabwinobwino. Izi zimachitika pamene kusuta, kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi, kusangalala, nkhawa, kumwa khofi wambiri, mankhwala ochokera pagulu la mankhwala a mahomoni kapena okodzetsa, mankhwala osokoneza bongo.
Ndi magwiridwe antchito a kapamba komanso kumva bwino kwa maselo kuti apange insulin, imafulumira msanga. Glycemia amathanso kuchulukana ndimatenda a ziwalo za endocrine, kapamba ndi njira yotupa yotupa.
Kuyesedwa kwa shuga kumayikidwa ngati matenda ofanana akuwakayikira, koma nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuti apeze matenda a shuga, kuphatikizapo kutuluka kwa latent. Mkhalidwe wa glycemia amawonedwa kuti ndi 3.3-5,5 mmol / l. Zosokera zimawonedwa motere.
- Shuga pansipa 3,3 mmol / L - hypoglycemia.
- Pamwamba pa zikhalidwe, koma osapitirira kuchuluka kwa shuga a 6.1 mmol / l - prediabetes.
- Shuga wamagazi 6.1 ndi apamwamba - shuga.
Kuyesedwa kwa magazi kokha kungakhale kosakwanira kuti muzindikire moyenera, kotero phunzirolo limabwerezedwa.
Kuphatikiza apo, kuwunika kwa matenda ndi kuyesedwa kwa shuga, kutsimikiza kwa hemoglobin wa glycated kumachitikanso.
Zizindikiro za shuga
Zizindikiro za shuga zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi kuchuluka kwa shuga mkati mwa ziwiya. Izi zimatsogolera kutulutsidwa kwa timadzi tam'magazi kulowa m'magazi chifukwa choti mamolekyu a glucose ndi osmotically yogwira, amakopa madzi.
Nthawi yomweyo, ziwalo zilibe mphamvu, popeza glucose ndiye gwero lake lachiberekero. Zizindikiro za matenda ashuga zimatchukitsidwa makamaka pamene shuga akupita 9-10 mmol / L. Pambuyo pa mtengo wowonjezerawu, glucose amayamba kuthira impso ndi mkodzo, nthawi yomweyo madzi ambiri amataika.
Kuyamba kwa matenda ashuga kumatha kukhala mwachangu ndi mtundu 1, kapena pang'onopang'ono, womwe umadziwika kwambiri ndi mtundu 2 wa matenda. Nthawi zambiri, isanakwane zizindikiro, matenda ashuga amayamba. Imatha kupezeka pokhapokha ngati mwayezetsa magazi mwakathithi: kuyesa kwa ma antibodies kupita ku kapamba ndi insulin (mtundu 1 wa shuga) kapena kuyesa kwa glucose (mtundu wachiwiri).
Zizindikiro zazikulu za matendawa:
- Kufooka nthawi zonse ndi kutopa.
- Zochita ndi chidwi.
- Pakamwa pakamwa ndi ludzu lalikulu.
- Kutulutsa kwambiri mkodzo, kukakamiza usiku uliwonse.
- Kuchiritsa kwa bala kwa nthawi yayitali, zotupa pakhungu, kuyabwa kwa khungu.
- Masomphenya otsika.
- Matenda opatsirana pafupipafupi.
Kuyesedwa kwa shuga m'magazi kumasonyezedwa ngakhale chimodzi mwazizindikiro chikuwonekera, makamaka ngati pali kutengera kwa chibadwa - milandu ya matenda ashuga mwa abale enieni. Pambuyo pazaka 45, ziyeso zotere ziyenera kuchitidwa kwa aliyense osachepera kamodzi pachaka.
Kukayikira kwa matenda ashuga kumatha kuchitika komanso kuwonjezereka, kuthamanga komanso kuthamanga kwa magazi, cholesterol yayikulu m'magazi, candidiasis wolimbikira.
Mwa azimayi, kuphwanya kwamoto kagayidwe kachakudya kumachitika pamaso pa kusintha kwa ma polycystic m'mimba, kusabereka, kubadwa kwa mwana wolemera makilogalamu oposa 4.5, kupweteka kwamimba, matenda abwinobwino a mwana wosabadwayo.
Kuyesa kwa glucose
Zoyenera kuchita ngati shuga wa magazi apezeka wapamwamba kuposa kale? Pofuna kukhazikitsa matenda omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga kapena mitundu yake yam'mimba, kumayesedwa komwe kumayesa chakudya. Nthawi zambiri, pakatha shuga kuchokera ku zakudya zomwe zili ndi chakudya cham'mimba, kumasulidwa kwa insulin kumayamba.
Ngati ndikwanira komanso momwe ma cell receptor amakhalira, ndiye kuti maola awiri atatha kudya glucose ali mkati mwa maselo, ndipo glycemia ili pamlingo wazikhalidwe. Ndi kuchepa kwamtundu kapena insulin kwathunthu, magaziwo amakhalapo amadzaza ndi glucose, ndipo minofu yake imakhala ndi njala.
Pogwiritsa ntchito phunziroli, ndizotheka kuzindikira magawo oyamba a shuga mellitus, komanso kulekerera kwa glucose, komwe kumatha kutha kapena kusintha kukhala shuga weniweni. Kuyesedwa kotereku kumawonetsedwa mu izi:
- Palibe zizindikiro za hyperglycemia, koma shuga mkodzo, kuwonjezeka tsiku ndi tsiku diuresis kunapezeka.
- Kuwonjezeka kwa shuga kumawonekera pathupi, pambuyo pa matenda a chiwindi kapena chithokomiro.
- Mankhwala osakhalitsa okhala ndi mankhwala a mahomoni anachitika.
- Pali cholowa chobadwa nacho cha matenda ashuga, koma palibe chizindikiro cha izo.
- Amadziwika ndi polyneuropathy, retinopathy kapena nephropathy osadziwika.
Mayeso asanaikidwe, sizikulimbikitsidwa kusintha magonedwe kapena kusintha magawo olimbitsa thupi. Phunziroli litha kutumizidwa ku nthawi ina ngati wodwalayo atadwala matenda opatsirana kapena ngati pali vuto, kutaya magazi kwambiri patatsala pang'ono kuyesedwa.
Patsiku losonkhanitsa magazi, simusuta, ndipo tsiku lotsatira mayeso simumamwa zakumwa zoledzeretsa. Mankhwalawa akuyenera kuvomerezeredwa ndi adotolo omwe adapereka zomwe zithandizidwa kuti aphunzire. Muyenera kubwera ku labotale m'mawa mutatha kusala kudya kwa maola 8-10, simuyenera kumwa tiyi, khofi kapena zakumwa zotsekemera.
Kuyesaku kumachitika motere: amatenga magazi pamimba yopanda kanthu, kenako wodwalayo amamwa 75 g shuga mwanjira yankho. Pambuyo pa maola awiri, kuyesedwa kwa magazi kumabwerezedwa. Matenda a shuga amawonedwa ngati atsala pang'ono kudya glycemia (magazi a venous) ndi apamwamba kuposa 7 mmol / L, ndipo maola awiri atatha shuga wambiri kuposa 11.1 mmol / L.
Mwa anthu athanzi, izi zimatsika, motsatana - mayesedwe asanakwane kufika 6.1 mmol / l, ndipo atatha 7.8 mmol / l. Zisonyezo zonse pakati pa chizolowezi ndi matenda a shuga zimawerengedwa ngati boma.
Odwala oterewa amawonetsedwa ngati mankhwala a shuga ndi shuga woletsedwa, zopangidwa ndi mafuta a nyama. Zakudyazo ziyenera kuyang'aniridwa ndi masamba, nsomba, nsomba zam'madzi, mafuta amkaka otsika, mafuta a masamba. Pokonzekera zakumwa ndi zakudya zotsekemera pogwiritsa ntchito zotsekemera.
Ndikulimbikitsidwa kuti muwonjezere masewera olimbitsa thupi, mankhwala omwe ali ndi metformin (pokhapokha akutsimikiziridwa ndi dokotala). Matenda a kuthamanga kwa thupi pamaso pa kunenepa kwambiri amathandiza kagayidwe kazakudya.
Komanso, kuti muchepetse kagayidwe kazakudya, kuchepa kwa mafuta m'thupi ndi kuthamanga kwa magazi ndikofunikira.
Glycated Hemoglobin
Ma mamolekyulu amadzimadzi am'magazi amapanga mapuloteni, amawapangitsa kukhala glycate. Puloteni yotere imataya katundu wake ndipo imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chikhomo cha matenda ashuga. mulingo wa hemoglobin wa glycated umatilola kuti tiwunikenso momwe glycemia yasinthira m'miyezi itatu yapitayo.
Nthawi zambiri, kafukufuku amayendetsedwa kuti azilamulira omwe adalipira shuga panthawi yamankhwala. Kuti mupeze matenda oyamba ndi matenda a shuga, kuunika komweko kumatha kuchitika pakukaikira, kupatula zotsatira zosadalirika. Chizindikiro ichi sichikhudzidwa ndi zakudya, kupsinjika, mankhwala, njira zopatsirana.
Kuyeza kwa hemoglobin ya glycated ikuwonetsa kuchuluka kwake komwe kumayenderana ndi hemoglobin yonse ya magazi. Chifukwa chake, ndi kuchepa kwakukulu kwa magazi kapena kulowetsedwa kwa mayankho kulowetsedwa, pakhoza kukhala manambala abodza. Zikatero, kuyesedwa kwa odwala kuyenera kuchedwetsedwa kwa masabata awiri.
Zotsatira za kutsimikiza kwa glycated hemoglobin:
- Pamwamba pa 6.5% ndi matenda a shuga.
- Mlingo wa hemoglobin wa glycated uli pansi pa 5.7%
- The pakati pakati 5.8 ndi 6.4 ndi prediabetes.
Magazi ochepa
Hypoglycemia imasokoneza dongosolo lamkati lamitsempha, chifukwa ma cell a ubongo sangathe kudzaza glucose mosungira, chifukwa chake, amafunika kupezeka nthawi zonse m'magazi pamlingo wokhazikika.
Kuchepetsa kwambiri shuga kwa ana kumabweretsa kubwereza m'maganizo. Kuukira kwambiri kungaphe. Zimakhala zowopsa kwambiri pamene glucose imagwera nthawi yomwe wodwala amayendetsa galimoto kapena amawongolera njira zina kuntchito.
Zomwe zimayambitsa kutsitsa shuga nthawi zambiri zimakhala zovuta za kuchepetsa shuga kwa odwala matenda ashuga. Mikhalidwe yotere imachitika chifukwa cha Mlingo woyenera ndi luso la insulin, kupuma kwakanthawi pakudya, kumwa mowa, kusanza kapena kutsekula m'mimba, kumwa maantibayotiki, antidepressants motsutsana ndi maziko a insulin.
Kuphatikiza apo, shuga wochepa amapezeka matenda am'matumbo ndi kuchepa kwamphamvu kwa michere, kuwonongeka kwa chiwindi, kutsika kwa pathological mu ntchito ya ziwalo za endocrine, njira za chotupa mu kapamba, ndi zina zotere.
Zizindikiro zake zazikulu za hypoglycemic zimaphatikizapo:
- Kuchuluka kwanjala.
- Miyendo Yanjenjemera.
- Kutalika kwa chidwi.
- Kusakwiya.
- Zosangalatsa pamtima.
- Kufooka ndi mutu.
- Kusokonezeka m'malo.
Ndi chithandizo chosayenera, wodwalayo amagwa chikomokere. Pazizindikiro zoyambirira za shuga, muyenera kudya kapena zakumwa zomwe zimakhala ndi shuga: mapiritsi a shuga, msuzi wa zipatso, idyani maswiti angapo, supuni imodzi ya uchi kapena kumwa tiyi wokoma, mandimu.
Kodi mungatani ngati wodwalayo sakudziwa chilichonse? Zikatero, muyenera kupita naye kuchipatala posachedwa, komwe Glucagon amadzamwa jakisoni, komanso 40% yankho mu mtsempha. Pambuyo pa izi, kuchuluka kwa shuga kumayesedwa ndipo ngati kuli koyenera, kuperekera mankhwala kumabwerezedwanso.
Kanemayo munkhaniyi ayankhula za kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi.
