Cholesterol ndi gulu lazinthu zachilengedwe, mowa wa polycyclic lipophilic, womwe ndi gawo la ziwalo za cell pafupifupi chilichonse chamoyo.
Cholesterol ndi wopanda madzi. Imasungunuka m'mafuta ndi ma organic sol sol.
Pafupifupi 4/5 ya cholesterol yofunika thupi imapangidwa ndi thupi palokha. Poda iyi imapangidwa makamaka ndi ma cell a chiwindi. Thupi limalandira 1/5 yosowa ya voliyumu yoyenera kuchokera kumalo akunja pakadyetsa zakudya ndi zakudya.
Udindo wa cholesterol m'thupi
Ma khemikali amapezeka m'thupi m'njira ziwiri zazikulu. Mitundu iyi ya mankhwala amatchedwa lipoproteins apamwamba komanso otsika.
Cholesterol imathandizira kukana kwa membrane wa cell kusintha kwa kutentha.
Cholesterol imatengedwa pakuphatikizika kwa mitundu yambiri yazamoyo zomwe zimagwira.
Izi zimaphatikizidwa pazinthu zotsatirazi:
- Cholesterol ndi cell membrane fluidity stabilizer.
- Amatenga nawo kapangidwe ka mahomoni ogonana a steroid.
- Ndi gawo lomwe limakhudzidwa ndikupanga corticosteroids.
- Cholesterol ndiye maziko a kapangidwe ka bile acid.
- Pulogalamuyi ndi imodzi mwazinthu zomwe zimakhudzidwa ndi kapangidwe ka vitamini D.
- Amapereka permeability wa nembanemba cell.
- Zimalepheretsa zovuta za hemolytic poisons pama cell ofiira amwazi.
Popeza cholesterol imasungunuka m'madzi, mu kapangidwe ka magazi imalowa m'chipinda chovuta kwambiri ndi mapuloteni apadera othandizira, ndikupanga ma protein - lipoproteins.
Kusamukira ku zotumphukira zazinthu zimachitika ndi chylomicron, VLDL ndi LDL.
Kutenga mbali zosiyanasiyana za kagayidwe kazinthu, zotumphukira za cholesterol zenizeni zimapangidwa m'thupi la munthu.
Omwe amachokera ku cholesterol ndi ma asidi a bile, ma steroid a mahomoni, vitamini D ndi cholestanos.
Ena mwa zida zomwe zimapangidwa ndimankhwala amaphatikizidwa popereka chitetezo cha mthupi la munthu. Amateteza kumatenda osiyanasiyana.
Ntchito za Bile Acid
Cholesterol m'thupi imakonda kuphatikiza oxidation. Amasinthidwa kukhala mankhwala osiyanasiyana a steroid. Pafupifupi 70% ya kuchuluka kwa mankhwala aulere omwe amapezeka amawonongeka.
Mapangidwe a bile acids amachitika ndi chiwindi maselo. Kukumana ndi kusungidwa kwa bile acid kumachitika mu ndulu. Ngati ndi kotheka, amatengedwa kupita ku lumen yaying'ono.
Izi zimachokera ku cholesterol yomwe imakhudzidwa pakupanga chimbudzi.
Chofunika kwambiri pakati pa bile acid ndi cholic acid. Kuphatikiza pa panganoli, zinthu monga deoxycholic, chenodeoxycholic ndi lithocholic acid zimapangidwa m'chiwindi. Mwapang'onopang'ono, ma asidi awa amapezeka mu bile mwa mawonekedwe amchere.
Izi ndizofunikira kwambiri za bile. Zomwe zimathandizira zimathandizira kuti lipids lipangidwe.
Ma Hormoni Odziwika a Cholesterol
Kuphatikiza pa kutenga nawo gawo la bile acids, cholesterol imathandizanso pakupanga mahomoni ambiri.
Mahomoni opangidwa ndi gawo la polycyclic lipophilic mowa amawongolera zofunikira za thupi.
Ndi mahomoni ati omwe amawoneka nthawi ya cholesterol metabolism?
Zomwe zimachokera mu mankhwala awa zimaphatikizapo magulu asanu ofunikira a mahomoni a steroid:
- ma progestin;
- glucocorticoids;
- mineralocorticoids;
- androgens;
- estrogens.
Progesterone osakanikirana ndi progestogen amawongolera kukonzekera kwa chiberekero kuti chikhazikitsidwe dzira lakumana ndi umuna.
Kuphatikiza apo, progesterone imafunikira pakubadwa koyenera. Progesterone kuphatikiza ndi mahomoni ena enieni ndi omwe amaonetsetsa kuti bambo akukwaniritsa bwino ntchito yake yobereka. Chimodzi mwazinthu zomwe zimachokera ku cholesterol yomwe imapereka kukwaniritsidwa kwathunthu kwa ntchito za amuna ndi thupi ndi testosterone.
Ma mahomoni ochokera ku gulu la androgens ndi omwe amachititsa kuti abambo azigonana, ndipo ma estrogens ndi omwe amachititsa kuti azimayi azizindikira komanso azitukuka.
Glucocorticoids amatenga nawo gawo mu kapangidwe ka glycogen ndipo amapereka kuponderezedwa kwa kutulutsa kokhudzana ndi kutupa komwe kumayambira mthupi la munthu.
Mineralocorticoids imakhudza kugwira ntchito kwa impso. Zotsatira zawo zimapangitsa kuti magazi azithamanga komanso ziwonjezeke.
Momwe munthu amakhudzidwira komanso momwe akumvera mumtima mwake zimadalira kupezeka komanso kuchuluka kwa ma endorphin, omwe ndi mahomoni achisangalalo. Izi zothandiza pakubadwa zimapangidwanso ku polycyclic lipophilic mowa.
Chowonjezera cha mahomoni a steroid ndikuthekera kwawo kulowa mkati mwa cell cell ndi kuthekera kwakukulu kulumikizana ndi ma receptors enaake mu cytoplasm kapena nucleus ya cell chandamale.
Ma mahomoni a Steroid amatengedwa ndi mtsinje wamagazi momwe amapangidwira ndi mapuloteni apadera oyendetsa.
Vitamini D ndi cholestanos
Mowa wa Polycyclic lipophilic ndiwotsogola wa vitamini D. Izi zogwira ntchito mwachilengedwe zimagwira ntchito yayikulu pakuwonetsetsa kuti thupi likuyenda bwino. Gawoli limaphatikizidwa ndi metabolism ya calcium ndi phosphorous. Zinthu izi zimafunika makamaka pakapangidwe kazinthu zopanga mafupa.
Zotsatira zamachitidwe a metabolic, vitamini D amasinthidwa kukhala calcitriol. Pambuyo pake, phula ili m'maselo limalumikizana ndi ma receptor ena ndikuwongolera kupanga majini. Ndi kuchuluka kwa mavitamini D osakwanira m'thupi, kukula kwa ma rickets kumawonedwa muubwana.
Chotulutsanso china cha mowa wa polycyclic lipophilic ndi cholestanos. Pulogalamu iyi yamagulu ndi gulu la ma steroid. Kukhalapo kwa chinthuchi kumadziwika m'matumbo a adrenal, momwe amadziunjikira. Pakadali pano, gawo la gawo ili silikumveka bwino.
Cholesterol m'thupi imasinthidwa kukhala yochulukirapo yopanga zinthu zosiyanasiyana. Tiyenera kudziwa kuti ofunika kwambiri pakati pawo mwachulukidwe ndi bile acid. Izi zimagwira ngati ma emulsifying othandizira ndipo, pambuyo ponyowa m'matumbo, amalowa m'chiwindi, komwe amatha kugwiritsidwanso ntchito. Zidazi zimapereka chimbudzi komanso kuwonongeka kwa mafuta kuchokera pachakudya.
About metabolsterol metabolism akufotokozedwa mu kanema munkhaniyi.
