Kuyeserera kwa ma labotale kumathandizira munthawi yochepa komanso modalirika kumathandizira kudziwa matenda owopsa mthupi la munthu ndikuwapatsa chithandizo choyenera. Ambiri odwala matenda ashuga amadziwa kafukufuku monga kuyezetsa magazi kwa glycated hemoglobin.
Hemoglobin ndi puloteni yapadera, ndi gawo lamapuloteni azinthu zomwe zimakhala ndi kayendedwe kazinthu. Zomwe zimalumikizana ndi mamolekyulu a okosijeni, hemoglobin imabweretsa kumaselo a m'magazi, imatenga nawo gawo limodzi pakupulumutsidwa kwa kaboni dayokisi kuchokera kuzinthu. Masiku ano, mitundu yambiri ya hemoglobin imadziwika, hemoglobin A ambiri pakati pawo, imakhala pafupifupi 95% ya hemoglobin yonse m'magazi. A-hemoglobin, imagawanika kukhala zigawo, imodzi mwa izo imatchedwa A1c.
Zomangira zosasinthika zimapangidwa mu hemoglobin wokhala ndi glucose, madokotala amatcha izi Maillard reaction, glycation kapena glycation. Chifukwa chake, ngati hemoglobin ikakumana ndi glucose, imatchedwa glycated. Endocrinologists amawona chinthu ichi kukhala chothandizira chachikulu pakuwunika kwa matenda ashuga komanso mavuto ena a metabolism ya carbohydrate.
Kutsitsa shuga m'magazi, kumachepetsa mayendedwe a glycation. Nthawi yayitali yogwira ntchito yama cell ofiira ndi pafupifupi miyezi itatu, ndiye kuti, mutha kutsata kuchuluka kwa glucose m'magazi a nthawi imeneyi yokha. Mwanjira ina, kuwunika kwa hemoglobin wa glycated ndi mtundu wa chizindikiro cha "shuga" m'magazi.
Ndani amalimbikitsidwa kuti apange kusanthula
Kafukufuku wokhudza glycohemoglobin amafunikira kuti azindikire kuchuluka kwa shuga m'thupi la anthu masiku 120 apitawa. Kuunikaku kungatchulidwe kovumbulutsidwa kwambiri pakati pa njira zina zofufuzira kuchuluka kwa magazi a glycemia. Ndizopindulitsa kwambiri kuposa kuyesa magazi, zomwe zimawonetsera thupi pakanthawi kochepa - panthawi yopereka zinthu zachilengedwe.
Pali chikhalidwe chotsimikizika cha sayansi ya glycated hemoglobin ya anthu popanda mbiri ya matenda ashuga, vuto la metabolic likasokonekera nthawi zambiri limadutsa kangapo. Kuchuluka kwa kuchuluka kwa glycation, kumakulitsa kuchuluka kwa shuga m'miyezi ingapo yapitayo. Poterepa, mwayi wokhala ndi zovuta za matenda a shuga ukuwonjezeka.
Kuwunikira kwa glycated ndikofunikira kuti mawunikidwe okwanira a mankhwalawa agwiritsidwe ntchito, pamene glycogemoglobin sichepa, akukonzekera kusintha njira yochizira, m'malo mwake mankhwala omwe analimbikitsidwa, ndikuwunikanso zakudya.
Zizindikiro zazikulu za glycogemoglobin:
- kufunika kozindikira, kuwunika matenda ashuga;
- kuyang'anira kwakanthawi za mtundu wa chisamaliro cha matenda a shuga;
- kuwunika kokwanira kwa amayi apakati kuti asatenge shuga;
- kufunikira kwa zambiri.
Kuti zotsatira za kuyesedwa kwa magazi zikhale zodalirika, zimafunikira kuyandikira kuperekera kwake ndi udindo wonse, kukonzekera bwino.
Kukonzekera mayesowo
Dokotala wofunsayo akaunika mayeso a glycemia, ndikusintha momwe amathandizira, amamuwuza kuti ayesedwe magazi. Perekani chiwonetsero cha hemoglobin cha glycated, onetsani HbA1c molowera.
Ngati mayeso ena a shuga akuyenera kumwedwa pamimba yopanda kanthu, magazi a hemoglobin a glycated amaloledwa kumwa nthawi iliyonse masana, zilibe kanthu kuti wodwalayo adatenga chakudya kale kapena ayi. Izi zilibe tanthauzo pa index ya glycemic.
Mtengo wapakati wowunikira umachokera ku ma ruble a 300 mpaka 1200 aku Russia; nthawi zambiri zimakhala zotheka kupatsanso kuwongolera kokha pamalipiro. M'dziko lathu, m'mabungwe azachipatala aboma, zida zapadera zowunikira sizimapezeka.
Muyeso wamwazi umatengedwa kuchokera m'mitsempha yamaubalo; 3 ml ya magazi a wodwalayo ndiwokwanira kuti azindikire. Kwa odwala ena, kupereka magazi ochuluka chotere kumakhala kovuta:
- amayamba kumva kuti ali ndi chizungulire;
- kunyansidwa pang'ono kumawonedwa.
Chifukwa chake, wodwalayo ayenera kuchenjeza wothandizira labotale kuti mwina pangafunike kukhala ndi ammonia.
Ngati madzulo a kusanthula kwa hemoglobin wa glycated, munthu amakhala wamanjenje, amamwa mankhwala omwe waperekedwa, izi sizingawakhudze. Komabe, zochitika zopsinjika sizingachotse kwathunthu zolakwitsa ndi kusanthula. Kuwonongeka kwakukulu kwa magazi, kusamba, kulemera kwa magazi komanso kuchepa kwa magazi m'magazi kungakhudze zomwe zapezedwa.
Ngakhale ngati pazifukwa zina wodwalayo akufuna "kusintha" zotsatira zake kukhala zovomerezeka, sizikupanga nzeru kutsatira njira yochepa yotsika shuga, chifukwa izi sizingawononge mawonekedwe a magazi mwanjira iliyonse.
Momwe mungakonzekerere? Maphunziro apadera samaperekedwa, muyenera kutsatira zakudya zomwe mumadya, kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi.
Kusanthula kumapangidwa kwa hemoglobin ya glycated kwa masiku atatu, kutalika kwake, ndipo mtengo wa kafukufuku umadalira labotale, zida zake zamakono.
Kodi munthu wathanzi ndi lotani?
Muyezo wamagazi glycogemoglobin amatengedwa ngati peresenti kapena g / mol. Muyenera kudziwa kuti glycosylated hemoglobin imapezekanso m'mwazi wa anthu athanzi labwino, nthawi zambiri magawo ake amakhala 4 mpaka 6%. Mitundu yotchulidwa ndiyabwino kwambiri kwa anthu mosatengera zaka komanso jenda. Kupatuka kulikonse kumawonedwa ngati kuphwanya lamulo.
Zotsatira zake zikapezeka mgulu la magawo 5,7 mpaka 6.5%, kuphwanya kwa glucose, kupezeka kwa shuga kumapezeka. Manambala onse omwe ali pamwamba pa 6.5% amawonetsa chitukuko cha matenda ashuga.
Malinga ngati munthu sanapezeko matenda a shuga, mayeso a hemoglobin a glycated amafunikira ngati m'modzi wa abale ake ali ndi vuto la metabolic. Izi zimathandizira kuzindikira nthawi yake zovuta zaumoyo, kuyamba kulandira mankhwala kuti musavutike.
Pa nthawi yomwe mayi ali ndi pakati, azimayi amayendera matenda a glycosylated hemoglobin, kupatula matenda ashuga, izi ndizofunikira ngakhale pakalibe mavuto:
- ndi kagayidwe;
- ndi shuga wamagazi ambiri.
Matenda a gestational ndi mtundu wapadera wa matenda ashuga, amayi apakati amatha kutenga matendawa. Madokotala amayanjana ndi zomwe zimayambitsa kukula kwa matenda am'mimba ndi kukonzanso kwa mahomoni m'thupi, katundu wowonjezereka pazinthu zamkati ndi kapamba makamaka.
The placenta imapanga mahomoni, momwe amagwirira ntchito mosemphana ndi zotsatira za insulin, chifukwa chake, kusokonezeka kwa metabolic kumachitika mwa mayi ndi mwana.
Pangozi ndi azimayi oyembekezera omwe ali ndi vuto lotenga matenda ashuga, mitundu yambiri ya kunenepa kwambiri, polyhydramnios, polycystic ovary syndrome, mwana wosabadwa m'mbiri.
Komabe, kuyezetsa magazi kotereku sikumakhala kofunika kuti kaikidwe ka magazi kangapo konse.
Mitundu ya glycogemoglobin ya shuga, zimayambitsa kupatuka
Matenda a shuga ndi njira yoyambira ya kagayidwe kachakudya ka anthu; imadziwika ndi kusintha kwamasamba amwazi ndi kuwonjezereka kwa kuchuluka kwake. Matendawa amatha kuchitika chifukwa cha kusakwanira katulutsidwe ka mankhwala a insulin, polyuria, kusintha kwa mchere wa mineral kapena mafuta.
Zomwe zimayambitsa matenda ashuga ziyenera kufunidwa m'mbuyomu matenda opatsirana, kunenepa kwambiri, chibadwa chovuta, zovuta zamalingaliro, zotupa zam'mimba za kapamba. Malinga ndi kuchuluka kwa matendawa, imakhala yachitatu pambuyo pa matenda a oncology ndi matenda a mtima. Matenda a shuga amakonda kwambiri azimayi opitirira zaka 40.
Kuchulukitsa kwa glycosylated hemoglobin kumalingaliridwa pamene zolembedwa za kusanthula zidawonetsa manambala kuyambira 5.9 mpaka 6%. Ndi matenda a shuga a mellitus otsimikizika, chizindikiro choyenera ndi 6.5%, kuwonjezeka kwa 8% kapena kuposa kumawonetsa kusakwanira kwa chithandizo chomwe mumagwiritsa ntchito, kufunika kwa kusintha kwamankhwala. Kapangidwe ka glycogemoglobin kopitilira 12% ndi kowopsa, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti chipatala chofunikira kuchipatala.
Monga momwe masewera amasonyezera, kutali ndi odwala onse, kuchuluka kwa hemoglobin ya glycated imafikira pa 6.5%, muzochitika zina zimakhala zabwino kwambiri ngati chisonyezo chokwera pang'ono chapezeka. Mwachitsanzo, lamuloli ndilothandiza kwa okalamba omwe ali ndi matenda othandizira. Ndi glycogemoglobin yocheperako, amatha kuyamba hypoglycemia ndi zovuta zonse komanso zotsatirazi.
Mukuyenera kudziwa kuti matenda a shuga a woyamba kapena wachiwiri sikuti nthawi zonse amayambitsa kusintha kwa mayeso a glycosylated hemoglobin. Nthawi zambiri, mayesowa akuwonetsa kuchuluka kwa kukuta kwa mavuto abwinowu:
- pachimake ndi matenda aimpso kulephera;
- kusintha kwa pancreatic;
- kuchepa kwa magazi m'thupi;
- opaleshoni yochotsa ndulu.
Ngati glycosylated hemoglobin imakwezedwa mwa mwana m'miyezi yoyambirira ya moyo, ndiye kuti izi ndi zofunikira kwambiri. Pofika chaka, hemoglobin wa fetal nthawi zambiri imachepetsedwa.
Kuunika kwathunthu kwa wodwala kumathandizira kuzindikira zifukwa zenizeni zosinthira kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi, ziyenera kuyambitsidwa mwachangu.
Zomwe zimachepetsa glycogemoglobin
Ndikulakwitsa kuganiza kuti hemoglobin yokwezeka yokha yokhayo yomwe ili yoopsa. Kutsika kwa chinthu ichi ndi umboni wa kusokonezeka mthupi, ngakhale izi sizipezeka kawirikawiri.
Kuchepetsa hemoglobin yafupika imatha kukhala chifukwa cha hypoglycemia yomwe imakhala nthawi yayitali, kuchuluka kwamaselo ofiira a m'magazi ofiira m'magazi osagwira ntchito ya hematopoietic system. Kuphatikiza apo, ziwerengero zochepa zimalumikizidwa ndi kuchepa kwa magazi kwaposachedwa, pambuyo pakuchita opaleshoni ndi kuvulala.
Zimachitika kuti kusintha kwa ndende ya shuga kumayambitsidwa ndi matenda omwe maselo ofiira am'magazi (hemolytic anemia) amawonongeka, ndi kulephera kwa chiwindi ndi impso, ma pathologies a kapamba.
Kuwonetsedwa kwa shuga ochepa (mkhalidwewu umatchedwanso hypoglycemia mu shuga mellitus) kumatha kukhala ndi zizindikiro zosiyanasiyana, zomwe mwa izi:
- vuto lamawonedwe;
- kugwira ntchito molimbika;
- kugona
- kukomoka;
- zovuta zamitsempha.
Muzochitika zowawa kwambiri, zotsatira zakupha siziphatikizidwa, chifukwa chake, muyenera kupereka magazi nthawi ndi nthawi kuti mukafufuze, kuti mudziwe zomwe kusanthula kukuwonetsa, momwe mungaperekere moyenera, zomwe mungachite kuti mukhale ndi moyo wabwino.
Momwe mungachepetse glycated hemoglobin
Kutsika kwa kuchuluka kwa hemoglobin ya glycated kumakhudzana mwachindunji ndi kuchepa kwa kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi, ngati glucose ikuzungulira m'magazi pang'ono, ndiye kuti glycemic hemoglobin idzakhala yotsika.
Pofuna kubweretsa hemoglobin A kukhala yabwinobwino, amafunika kutsatira malangizo a dokotala nthawi zonse, kuti akwaniritse zonse zomwe wapatsidwa. Choyamba, lamuloli ndikutsatira zakudya zama carb zotsika (chakudya chimayendetsedwa, kuwotcha kapena kuwiritsa), dongosolo lapadera la kugona, ntchito ndi kupumula.
Ndikofunika kuti musanyalanyaze kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi nthawi zonse, kumwa mankhwala panthawi yake, komanso kumwa jakisoni wa insulin. Tsiku lililonse muyenera kudzipenda nokha kuti mupeze shuga, kunyumba muyenera kukhala ndi mita yamagazi, kudziwa momwe mungatengere, momwe zitsanzo zachilengedwe ziyenera kukhalira, momwe shuga ya magazi imasonyezedwera. Ma glucometer amakono ndi ulonda wa odwala matenda ashuga amasanthula magazi m'masekondi angapo.
Muyenera kuyendanso ndi dokotala. Ngati kuwunikirako kwaperekedwa molingana ndi malamulo onse, izi zimakupatsani mwayi wofufuza shuga popanda zolakwika ndikuchitapo kanthu ngati pakufunika.
Momwe mungasinthire za hemoglobin wa glycated amauza katswiri mu kanemayu munkhaniyi.
