Mu ntchito zachipatala, masauzande amitundu yamatenda amachiritsika komanso osachiritsika. Gulu lomaliza la matendawa limaphatikizapo matenda a shuga omwe amapezeka pa nthawi iliyonse.
Pali mitundu iwiri ya matenda ashuga. Mtundu woyamba umachitika pamene kapamba akaleka kutulutsa insulini ndipo mahomoni satulutsa gwero lamphamvu - glucose - m'maselo a thupi. Ndi kuphwanya kumeneku, shuga amadziunjikira m'magazi ndipo wodwalayo amayenera kupaka insulin kuti adyetse maselo.
Mtundu wachiwiri wa matendawa umayamba pamene thupi sazindikira minyewa yomwe imasungidwa ndi kapamba kokwanira kapena kosakwanira. Ndi shuga yemwe amadalira insulin, shuga amadziunjikira mumtsinje wamagazi. Kuti wodwalayo akhale ndi vuto, insulin siigwiritsidwa ntchito, wodwalayo amapatsidwa mankhwala ochepetsa shuga a pakamwa.
Mitundu yonse iwiri ya matenda ashuga ndi osachiritsika, amawononga thupi pang'onopang'ono, kusokoneza ntchito zamagulu ndi ziwalo zambiri. Chifukwa chake, ndikofunikira kuzindikira matendawa munthawi yake. Koma kodi ndizotheka kuyesa matenda a shuga kwaulere ndipo ndi njira ziti zomwe mungadziwe?
Zizindikiro Zowonetsa Matenda A shuga
Pali zizindikiro zingapo zokhala ndi matenda oopsa a hyperglycemia. Zizindikiro zoyambirira ndi ludzu lalikulu. Ngati usiku kuli pakamwa pouma ndipo mumamvanso ludzu nthawi ina iliyonse masana, ndiye kuti muyenera kupita ku chipatala chakomweko ndikukapereka magazi a shuga kwaulere.
Kukodza pafupipafupi kumathandizanso ndi matenda a shuga. Kuchokera mthupi, shuga amatsitsidwa ndi impso, zomwe zimakoka madzi limodzi nawo.
Anthu ambiri omwe ali ndi vuto la shuga atha kumakhala ndi njala. Kulakalaka kwambiri kumachitika chifukwa cha njala ya glucose chifukwa chosowa kwa mayendedwe a glucose m'maselo.
Mtundu woyamba wa matenda ashuga, odwala amachepetsa thupi mosavuta pakudya. Kuyabwa kwa nembanemba ndi khungu - zizindikiro zomwe zimayamba koyamba ndi matenda a endocrine. Ngati mungatembenukire kwa dokotala pamlingo wa prediabetes, mutha kupewa matenda kapena kuwonongera.
Mu matenda ashuga, odwala ambiri ali ndi vuto losakwanira kusintha minofu. Kuchiritsa kwa mabala nthawi yayitali kumayambitsidwa ndi mtima.
Hyperglycemia imasokoneza endothelium, ndipo kuwonongeka kwamitsempha yamagetsi kumayambitsa kusakwanira kwa magazi kwa ziwalo ndi ziwalo, kuphatikiza mabala ndi kukanda. Choipa chinanso chosagwiritsa ntchito bwino magazi ndimakhungu a khungu loyeretsa nthawi yayitali komanso matenda opatsirana omwe amakhala nthawi yayitali.
Kukhala wonenepa kwambiri ndi chizindikiro chodziwika bwino cha matenda ashuga 2. Anthu azaka zopitilira 40, omwe BMI yawo ili pamwamba 25, ndikofunikira kupereka magazi kuti azindikire kuchuluka kwa shuga kamodzi pachaka.
Mu matenda a shuga, kuwonongeka kowonekera kumachitika nthawi zambiri. Ngati chophimba chikuwonekera pamaso ndi maso osawona bwino, ndiye kuti ndikofunikira kuti mupange nthawi yoonana ndi ophthalmologist ndi endocrinologist.
Matenda a glycemia amachititsa kuti azikhala ndi vuto lochepa komanso amachepetsa chilakolako cha kugonana. Kupezeka kwa zizindikiro izi kumachitika chifukwa cha kuwonongeka kwa mtima komanso mphamvu yanjala yamaselo.
Kutopa ndi kutopa kumawonetsa njala yamaselo am'matumbo ndi mitsempha yamanjenje. Ma cell akapanda kugaya glucose, magwiridwe ake amakhala osagwira ndipo khungu limawonekera.
Komanso, shuga imalumikizidwa ndi kuchepa kwa kutentha kwa thupi kwa matenda ashuga. Kuphatikiza pa zisonyezo zomwe zili pamwambapa, cholowa cha zinthu zofunika kuchilingalira. Ngati m'modzi mwa makolo ali ndi matenda a shuga, ndiye kuti matendawa amadalira ana awo ndi 10%, ndipo mu mtundu wachiwiri wa matendawa, mwayiwo umakwera mpaka 80%.
Amayi oyembekezera amatha kukhala ndi mtundu wina wapadera wa matenda a hyperglycemia - matenda a shuga. Matendawa ndi owopsa kwa mwana. Gawo lomwe lili pachiwopsezo chachikulu ndi akazi:
- onenepa kwambiri;
- wokhala ndi mwana zaka 30;
- kuchuluka msanga pa mimba.
Kuzindikira kunyumba
Anthu omwe akuwakayikira kuti ali ndi matenda ashuga akufunsa momwe angayesedwe matenda a shuga kunyumba osatenga mayeso kuchipatala. Poyesa, glucometer, zingwe zapadera kapena mayeso a A1C.
Electrochemical glucometer ndi chida chapadera chomwe chimakupatsani mwayi wodziimira payokha kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi. Ngati mugwiritsa ntchito chipangizo chofunikira kwambiri, mupeza zotsatira zolondola kwambiri.
Kitayo imabwera ndi zingwe zamagulupu ndi singano yolasa khungu. Musanagwiritse ntchito kachipangizo, manja amasambitsidwa bwino ndi sopo ndikuwuma. Kenako chala chimabooledwa, ndipo magazi omwe amayambitsa amawaika pa strip yoyesa.
Pazotsatira zodalirika, kuyezetsa kumachitika pamimba yopanda kanthu. Zabwinobwino zimawerengedwa kuti ndizoyambira 70 mpaka 130 mmol / l.
Kunyumba, matenda a shuga amatha kupezeka pogwiritsa ntchito timiyeso ta mkodzo. Koma njirayi siyotchuka, chifukwa nthawi zambiri imakhala yosasintha. Kuyesaku kumapangitsa kuti shuga azikhala ndi kuchuluka kwambiri kwa glucose - kuyambira 180 mmol / l, kotero ngati pali mtundu wocheperako wa matendawa, sungadziwe.
Kugwiritsa ntchito zida za A1C kumakuthandizani kudziwa kuchuluka kwamagazi. Koma njirayi siyotchuka. Kuyesaku kukuwonetsa zotsatira zonse za masiku 90 apitawa.
Mukamasankha zida, ndikofunika kuti muzikonda makina omwe amatha kuzindikira matendawa m'mphindi 5. Mwa munthu wathanzi, zowunikira zizindikiro mpaka 6%.
Ngati zotsatira za zilizonse mwazomwe zili pamwambazi zikuwonetsa hyperglycemia, muyenera kupita kuchipatala kukayezetsa.
Matenda azachipatala azindikira matenda a shuga
Njira yosavuta komanso yotsika mtengo yopezera matenda a shuga ndi kuperekera magazi kwa shuga kuchipatala. Magazi amachotsedwa kuchokera ku chala. Ngati biomaterial yatengedwa kuchokera mu mtsempha, chosakanizira chokha chimagwiritsidwa ntchito powunika, zomwe zimafuna magazi a wodwala.
Kuti mupeze cholinga, ndikofunikira kutsatira malamulo ena musanayambe kuphunzira. Maola 8-12 asanafike phunziroli, simungathe kudya, mumangomwa madzi okha kuchokera ku zakumwa.
Sizoletsedwa kumwa mowa maola 24 musanayang'ane magazi a shuga. Madzulo a phunziroli, mano sakhazikika, zomwe zimayambitsidwa ndi shuga mumkamwa, zimalowa m'magazi kudzera mumkamwa, zomwe zimapangitsa zotsatira za kusanthula zabodza.
Kwa akazi ndi abambo, kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi ndi chimodzimodzi. Amayambira pa 3,3 mpaka 5.5 mmol / l mukamatenga magazi kuchokera kumunwe, komanso kuchokera 3.7 mpaka 6.1 mukamayang'ana zinthu kuchokera m'mitsempha.
Mukawerengera kupitirira 5.5 mmol / L, zotsatira zimatanthauziridwa motere:
- Pamwamba pa 5.5 mmol / l - prediabetes;
- kuchokera ku 6.1 ali ndi matenda a shuga.
Mwa ana a zaka zapakati pa 1 mpaka 5, kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi kumayambira pa 3,3 mpaka 5 mmol / L. Kwa khanda, chizolowezi ndi 2.8 - 4.4 mmol / l.
Kuyesa kwachiwiri kwaulere kuti mupeze matenda ashuga ndi kuyesa kwa mkodzo kwa matupi a shuga ndi a ketone. Ngati munthu ali wathanzi, glucose kapena acetone samapezeka mkodzo wake.
Ma ketoni ndi ma poizoni omwe amathandizidwa ndi thupi kudzera mu impso. Matupi a Ketone amalowa mthupi pamene glucose sakutengedwa ndi maselo, omwe amawapangitsa kuti asakhale ndi mpweya wabwino. Kubwezeretsanso mphamvu zamagetsi, njira yogawa mafuta imayambitsidwa, chifukwa chomwe ma acetone amasulidwa.
Mkodzo wam'mawa kapena watsiku ndi tsiku umatha kuyesedwa ngati muli ndi shuga. Kusanthula mkodzo womwe watola maola oposa 24 ndikothandiza, kumakuthandizani kudziwa kuuma kwa glycosuria.
Munthu wathanzi yemwe samadwala matenda obwera chifukwa cha carbohydrate metabolism sayenera kukhala ndi glucose mkodzo. Ngati shuga wapezeka, ndikofunikira kuyesa mayeso ena - chitani mayeso ololera a shuga ndikupereka magazi a shuga. Pa kudalirika kwa zotsatira, maphunziro onse amalimbikitsidwa kuti azichita kangapo.
Maphunziro ena omwe amayambitsa matenda ashuga amaphatikizapo:
- kuyeserera kwa glucose - kumazindikiritsa zovuta mu kagayidwe ka glucose;
- kusanthula kwa glycosylated hemoglobin - akuwonetsa kuchuluka kwa hemoglobin yokhudzana ndi shuga;
- kusanthula kwa C-peptides ndi insulin - omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuti adziwe mtundu wa matenda.
Zambiri zokhudzana ndi matenda a shuga zimaperekedwa mu kanema munkhaniyi.
