Zovuta za kagayidwe kazakudya kwa ana zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi zovuta zamtundu. Chiwopsezo cha matenda a shuga chikuwonjezereka ngati makolo kapena abale ake enieni a mwanayo adwala.
Kuti muyambe kulandira chithandizo pa nthawi yake, ndikofunikira kuzindikira moyenera momwe zingathekere. Chifukwa chake, ana ochokera ku chiwopsezo chachikulu cha shuga amayenera kuwonedwa ndi dokotala wazachipatala ndikuyesedwa pafupipafupi.
Chithunzi cha matenda a shuga mellitus mwa ana chimatha kukhala chizindikiro chochepa, kenako ndikuwoneka ngati vuto lalikulu la ketoacidotic chikomokere. Chifukwa chake, kusapezeka kwa zizindikiro za matenda ashuga sikuti nthawi zonse kumatsimikizira thanzi la mwana.
Zomwe zimakhudza shuga wamagazi?
Njira zomwe glucose amalowera m'magazi zimatha kukhala zakunja ndi zamkati. Kunja, glucose amalowa ndi chakudya. Katunduyo akhoza kukhala ndi shuga weniweni, m'malo mwake amayamba kulowerera mkamwa. Komanso zitha kupezeka kuchokera ku zovuta za shuga, zomwe zimayenera kugawanika ndi enzyme - amylase.
Suprose, fructose, galactose, yomwe ili ndi chakudya, pamapeto pake imasandulika kukhala mamolekyulu a shuga. Njira yachiwiri yomwe glucose amaperekedwera ikugwirizana ndi njira yachangu yomwe imathandizira - kuphwanya glycogen. Mothandizidwa ndi mahomoni (makamaka glucagon), glycogen imaphwanya shuga ndikupatsanso kuchepa kwake ngati chakudya sichilandiridwa.
Maselo a chiwindi amatha kupanga glucose kuchokera ku lactate, amino acid ndi glycerol. Kupanga kwa shuga kwa nthawi yayitali ndikuyamba ngati masitolo a glycogen sanakwanitse kugwira ntchito zolimbitsa thupi.
Mukatha kudya, milingo ya shuga m'magazi imachulukana, zomwe ndizomwe zimaphatikizidwa ndi zikondamoyo. Zigawo zowonjezera za insulin zimatuluka m'magazi. Mwa kujowina zolandilira pamitsempha yama cell, insulin imalimbikitsa kutulutsa kwa glucose.
Mkati mwa maselo, glucose amasinthidwa kukhala mamolekyulu a ATP omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati gawo lapansi lamphamvu. Glucose yemwe sangagwiritsidwe ntchito amasungidwa m'chiwindi ngati glycogen.
Mphamvu ya insulin pa kagayidwe kakang'ono ka minyewa imawonetsedwa mu zotsatirapo zake:
- Imathandizira mayamwidwe a shuga ndi ma amino acid, potaziyamu, phosphates ndi magnesium.
- Amayamba glycolysis mkati mwa khungu.
- Amayambitsa mapangidwe a glycogen.
- Amalepheretsa kapangidwe ka shuga ndi chiwindi.
- Zimayambitsa kaphatikizidwe kazakudya zomanga thupi.
- Imawonjezera mapangidwe a mafuta acids, kusintha kwa glucose kukhala lipids.
- Amachepetsa kudya kwamafuta m'magazi.
Kuphatikiza pa insulin, glucagon, cortisol, norepinephrine, adrenaline, mahomoni okula ndi chithokomiro zimakhudzanso shuga. Zonsezi zimathandizira kuwonjezeka kwa shuga m'magazi.
Kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi mwa mwana
Chifukwa cha ntchito yamahomoni awa, kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi kumakhalabe mthupi, koma sikosinthasintha, koma kumasinthasintha tsiku lonse kutengera kapangidwe kazakudya zomwe zimatengedwa komanso zolimbitsa thupi. Mwa ana, kutalika kwa kusinthaku kumadalira zaka.
Gome lomwe limawonetsa kuchuluka kwa shuga limawonetsa zofunikira. Mwachitsanzo, chizolowezi cha shuga m'magazi a mwana wazaka 8 ndizosiyanasiyana kuyambira 3,3 mpaka 5.5 mmol / l, kwa mwana wazaka chimodzi - 2.75-4.4 mmol / l.
Zizindikiro izi zimawonetsa kagayidwe kazachilengedwe kamankhwala, kamene kamafanana ndi zaka za mwana. Kusantikako kumachitika pamimba yopanda kanthu, zinthuzo zimatha kukhala magazi komanso magazi. Kwa plasma yamagazi, chizolowezi ndichipamwamba.
Kuthamanga kuyezetsa magazi kumawonetsa kuchuluka kwa shuga m'munsi. Kuti muwone momwe kapamba amagwirira ntchito, muyenera kudziwa momwe glycemia amasinthira mukatha kudya. Kuchita mayeso amtundu wa glucose kumakupatsani mwayi wodziwa momwe insulini imathandizira kuti shuga asungidwe msanga m'magazi abwino, ndiye kuti, kudziwa kulolerana ndi shuga.
Kuyesa kwa glucose kumawonetsedwa:
- Zotsatira zasayansi matenda a shuga kapena prediabetes.
- Pali kukonzeratu.
- Kwa kunenepa kwambiri kapena kuwonda.
- Ndi kulimbikira maphunziro a candidiasis, furunculosis.
- Nthawi zambiri ana odwala.
- Pambuyo matenda opatsirana opatsirana.
Mutatenga shuga kwa ola limodzi, shuga wa m'magazi amakwera mpaka kuchuluka, kenako insulin imathandizira kutsitsa pambuyo maola awiri atayamba kumwa. Kuchuluka kwa shuga pambuyo maola awiri kuchokera pakukonzekera kumafika pa 7.8 mmol / l.
Gome, momwe mungadziwire chomwe chayambitsa kupatuka kuchoka pazomwe zikuwonekera, zikuwonetsa kuti mu shuga chizindikirochi chimaposa 11.1 mmol / l, ndipo mfundo zapakatikati zimagwirizana ndi prediabetes.
Hypoglycemia
Hypoglycemia yochepa imakhala yachilendo kwambiri mwa ana akhanda omwe amachedwa kukula kapena asphyxia pobereka. Kufunika kwa ana mu glucose kumakhala kokwirikiza ka 2 kuposa akuluakulu, ndipo malo ogulitsira a glycogen ndi otsika. Ndi njala kapena kuperewera kwa zakudya m'thupi kwa ana kuyambira chaka chimodzi mpaka zaka 9 m'magazi, shuga amatsika pansi pa 2.2 mmol / L.
Zizindikiro za hypoglycemia mwa ana zimawonetsedwa ndi thukuta lowonjezereka, manja ndi miyendo, kunjenjemera, khungu, kuphwanya, mseru, komanso kugunda kwamtima. Kenako, kufooka, kupweteka mutu, ulesi, kugona.
Kwa ana akhanda, zizindikiro za hypoglycemia ndizosowa komanso kupatsa mphamvu. Hypoglycemia yayikulu imayambitsa kukhudzika, kuiwala, chikumbumtima komanso chikomokere.
Hypoglycemia mu ana akhoza kukhala ndi ma pathologies:
- Matenda a chiwindi.
- Matenda opatsirana.
- Congenital hyperinsulinism.
- Poizoni.
- Tumors
Hyperglycemia
Kuwonjezeka kwa shuga m'magazi kumachitika ndikusowa kwa insulin kapena kupangika kwa mahomoni opikisana nawo. Izi zimakonda kuphatikizidwa ndi matenda a shuga, kuwonjezereka kwa zomwe zikuchitika chaka chilichonse. Kwa ana, matenda a shuga nthawi zambiri amayamba chifukwa cha chiwonongeko cha autoimmune cha kapamba.
Zomwe zimayambitsa mtundu 1 wa matenda a shuga zimawonekera pokhapokha ngati tili ndi vuto lobadwa nalo. Amatha kukhala ma virus, zinthu zoopsa, mankhwala osokoneza bongo, ma nitrate mu chakudya ndi madzi, kupsinjika. Matenda a shuga a Mtundu Wachiwiri samakhala ocheperako komanso amakhudzana ndi kunenepa kwambiri, amapezeka mwa ana omwe ali ndi majini obadwa nawo kuchokera kwa abale apamtima.
Kuwonetsedwa kwa matenda osokoneza bongo kwa ana kumayamba ndi ludzu lochulukirapo, kukodza mopitirira muyeso, kutsika kwamikodzo komanso kuchepa kwa thupi ndimathanzi abwino. Chizindikiro chimakhala chochepetsedwa, kuzizira pafupipafupi, matenda a pakhungu, matenda am'mimba. Nditazindikira mochedwa komanso ngati palibe chithandizo, mankhwalawa amayamba.
Mukazindikira matenda a shuga mellitus, kuwonjezeka kwa shuga othamanga wamagazi opitilira 6.1 mmol / L kumachitika, ndipo pambuyo pakukula kwa glucose (kuyeserera kwa glucose), kumakhala kwakukulu kuposa 11.1 mmol / L.
Kuphatikiza pa shuga, hyperglycemia imachitika ndi:
- Khunyu
- Endocrine matenda: thyrotooticosis, adrenal gland matenda, pituitary matenda.
- Matenda a kapamba.
- Matenda aimpso komanso kwa chiwindi.
- Mitima yamphamvu.
- Kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi mopitirira malire.
- Kumwa mankhwala a mahomoni.
Mu kanema munkhaniyi, Dr. Komarovsky amalankhula za kuchuluka kwa shuga mwa ana.
