Matenda a shuga amaphatikizidwa ndi kusokonezeka kwa m'maganizo komanso mwakuthupi, kuwonetsa kwa matendawa kwa ana azaka 13 mpaka 13 kumawonjezeka pang'onopang'ono, wodwalayo samakayikira kupezeka kwake kwa nthawi yayitali, samazindikira kuti boma lasintha.
Matenda a shuga ndi gawo la gulu la odwala endocrine, amadziwika ndi kuperewera kwa insulin yopangidwa ndi kapamba. Zotsatira zake, pali kuchuluka kwamtundu wa glycemia kawirikawiri, kuphwanya kwamphamvu kwa mineral, carbohydrate, metabolism.
Chinthu chofunikira chomwe chingakhudze matendawa ndikuwongolera kwake ndikuwonetsetsa nthawi yomweyo komanso chiyambi cha maphunziro.
Kodi chida chachikulu cha matenda a ana ndi chiani?
Matenda a shuga ndi njira yokhazikika ya endocrine system, yowonetsedwa ndi kusowa kwa insulin, popanda kuchuluka kwa mahomoni, kuyamwa kwazonse shuga kwa maselo onse amthupi sikungatheke.
Ndi chitukuko cha matendawa, glucose samatha kulowa m'maselo ndi minyewa, imapitilira kuzungulira magazi, ndikupweteketsa mwana. Popeza glucose ndiye gwero lalikulu la zakudya, kuperewera ndi kusokonezeka kwakukulu kumachitika.
Wodwala akamatenga chakudya, limodzi ndi chakudya, glucose amasinthidwa kukhala mafuta oyera, omwe amathandiza thupi kugwira ntchito bwino komanso moyenera. Shuga amalowa mkati mwa maselo okha chifukwa cha insulin.
Ngati pali kuchepa kwa zinthu, glucose amakhalanso m'magazi, magazi pachifukwa ichi amakhala wandiweyani, ndikovuta kusamutsa maselo:
- michere;
- mamolekyulu a okosijeni.
Popita nthawi, makoma amitsempha yamagazi amataya mphamvu zawo zakale, kupezekanso. Vutoli limakhala ndi mavuto ndi nembanemba wamanjenje.
Mu achinyamata, matendawo akuwonetsedwa ndi kusintha kwa mchere, mchere, lipid, mchere wamchere. Zotsatira zake, zovuta zingapo za matendawa zimabuka, zimawopseza thanzi ndi moyo.
Mankhwala amadziwa mitundu ingapo ya matenda, ali ndi kusiyana kwakatundu m'matenda, zizindikiro ndi chitukuko, motere, omwe amasiyana mu mtundu wa matenda.
Mtundu woyamba wa matenda ashuga mwa mwana, kapamba amatulutsa kanthu kochepa kapena kopanda konse. Thupi limalephera kupirira ndi katundu, glycemia imakwera. Pankhaniyi, ndikofunikira kubaya mahomoni pafupipafupi, imayendetsedwa pang'ono komanso panthawi yochepa.
Matenda a mawonekedwe achiwiri ndiosiyana chifukwa mumakhala zinthu zokwanira mthupi, nthawi zina kuphatikiza kwake kumatha kupitilira muyeso wamba.
Komabe, chimakhala chopanda ntchito, tiziwalo timene timasiyidwa kuti timvetsetse, shuga wamagazi akuchulukirachulukira.
Zizindikiro za matenda a shuga kwa achinyamata
Mitundu yosiyanasiyana yamavuto imakhala osiyanasiyana, ana amakhala ndi vuto la matenda oyamba, zimayambitsa zimayenderana ndi cholowa chamtsogolo, kupanikizika kosalekeza. Mtunduwu ndiwobadwa nawo, mwana amadalira jakisoni, chifukwa chake, kuperekedwa kwa mankhwala kumasonyezedwa. Zimakhala zovuta kuti minofu kupanga glucose.
Mtundu wachiwiri wa matenda - mtundu uwu wa matendawa umapezeka, samapezeka kwambiri mu achinyamata, umakhala wofanana ndi wamkulu.
Kuwonetsedwa kwa matenda a mtundu woyamba: ludzu losalekeza, kukoka pafupipafupi, kuchuluka kwa chilimbikitso, kuchepa thupi msanga kapena kunenepa kwambiri, maliseche candidiasis, mkodzo wowonjezera. Komanso, zizindikiro za matendawa zimakwiya kwambiri, kusanza, kusanza, kuyambiranso matenda apakhungu.
Zizindikiro za matenda a shuga kwa ana a zaka 13 mpaka 13 ndi mawonekedwe odziyimira pawokha:
- kutsika kwa mawonekedwe;
- mucosa wouma;
- magazi m`kamwa;
- kupembedzera m'makona amaso, pakamwa;
- kutopa, kutopa.
Pathology ikhoza kukayikiridwa ndi kupendekera kwa manja, miyendo. Mtundu wa harbinger ukhoza kukhala wodzipangira hypoglycemia, pamene shuga achuluka kwambiri popanda chifukwa, kenako mofulumira kwambiri.
Masewera a glucose akatsika, njala, kufooka zimachuluka, kuchuluka kwa achinyamata kumasandulika chikasu, makolo ayenera kulabadira izi. Chizindikiro chake nthawi zina chimaonekeranso patatu-nasolabial.
Pathology imadzipangitsa yokha kumverera mwa kukhazikika kwa zina zokhudzana ndi matenda, motero ndikofunikira kufunafuna thandizo la madokotala nthawi yomweyo. Mwa ana a zaka 13 mpaka 14, ndikosavuta kudziwa kuphwanya kagayidwe kazinthu kakang'ono kuposa momwe zimakhalira zaka zitatu; pakatha zaka zitatu, khungu limayamba kuwonekera.
Izi zimachitika kuti zizindikiro za matenda:
- kusokonezedwa ndi mawonekedwe a matenda opatsirana;
- wodwala sangakhale ndi chidwi naye kwa nthawi yayitali.
Ndikofunikira kuphunzitsa mwana kuti azimvera thupi lake ndikumvetsetsa kusintha kwa thanzi.
Ntchito ya makolo ndikuwonetsetsa madandaulo a ana mosamala, kuti muwone kusintha pang'ono koipa. Muubwana, matendawa amapangika pafupipafupi, koma kupezeka kwa mawonekedwe obisika sikumachotsedwa. Zizindikiro zakusinthika kwa kagayidwe kachakudya kamafanana ndi matenda omwe amayambitsidwa, muyenera kuwunika mabala, zilonda, kutupa m'maso, balere.
Matenda amtundu woyamba amadziwika ndi kuchepa thupi, matendawa amatha kuchitika pazaka zosiyanasiyana, kuphatikizapo unyamata. Pali kuchepa kwa glucose, thupi limagwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zosungidwa ndi mafuta, anyamata amavutika pang'ono ndikuwonetsa matendawa.
Ngakhale malangizo onse a dotolo akatsatiridwa, palibe chitsimikizo kuti:
- azitha kuyang'anira matenda;
- wodwala amva bwino.
Pamaso pa cholowa chamtundu wa hyperglycemia, kuyang'aniridwa kwachipatala pafupipafupi kumafunika.
Makolo ayenera kukhala ndi nkhawa za kuwonda mwadzidzidzi, pali umboni kuti wachinyamata atha kuchepetsa thupi mpaka 10 kg, izi zimachitika masabata angapo chabe. Nthawi yomweyo, wodwalayo amamwa madzi ambiri, kulakalaka kwake kumakulitsidwa.
Pali kukonzekera kwamadzulo usiku, ngakhale m'mbuyomu kunalibe mavuto ngati amenewa. Mwana akakhala ndi ludzu kwambiri, pakapita nthawi, zosokoneza zina pamkhalidwe ziyamba. Nthawi zambiri ndi matenda ashuga, lilime la wodwalayo limakhala rasipiberi, ndipo khungu limachepa.
Tsoka ilo, si makolo onse omwe amangoyang'ana izi pa nthawi, chifukwa wodwala akalandira chithandizo mochedwa, mankhwala samabweretsa zotsatira zomwe amafunazo.
Kuzindikira, njira zochizira
Kutenga nawo mbali kwa dokotala wa ana ndikofunikira kuzindikira matenda ashuga, ngati akuwakayikira matendawa, amafunikira kukaonana ndi endocrinologist. Pa kuyeserera, dokotala amawona kupezeka kwa khungu lochepetsa, kusintha kwa lilime, kusokonezeka kwa matenda ashuga kumaso (pamphumi, masaya, chibwano).
Pambuyo poyesedwa magazi, muyenera kuyesa mayeso a glycemia, kuchepa kwa insulin ndi hemoglobin. Kuphatikiza apo, mungafunike kupereka magazi kuti muyeze mayeso a glucose.
Amapereka mkodzo, komwe amalingalira za kukhalapo kwa acetone, matupi a ketone, mphamvu yeniyeni ya mkodzo. Njira ina yodziwitsira matenda anu ndiyo kuyezetsa magazi ndi ziphuphu.
Nthawi zina, kuyambitsa matenda osiyanasiyana amafunika, ndikofunikira:
- ndi zizindikiro za matenda a shuga a insipidus;
- ndi acetonemic syndrome.
Pambuyo pa matenda a labotale, dokotalayo amazindikira matendawo, ndikuwapatsa njira yothandizira.
Amathandizira matenda amtundu woyamba mothandizidwa ndi mankhwala othandizira, chifukwa maselo a kapamba sapereka kuchuluka kwa insulini, ndikofunikira kuti mulibenso mlingo wake. Nthawi yomweyo, kuchuluka kwa zakudya zomwe zimamwa, zizindikiritso za zinthuzo nthawi zosiyanasiyana masana, zimawerengedwa.
Njirayi ndiyofunika kwambiri, chifukwa poyambitsa kuchuluka kwamafuta m'thupi, thupi la mwana limagwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zonse za glucose, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti thupi lithe komanso kusowa mphamvu. Wogwiritsa ntchito mphamvu ndi ubongo, pomwe kulibe mphamvu zokwanira, matenda oopsa a hypoglycemic amakula. Ndi iye, kuchipatala chofunikira kuchipatala chofunikira. Nthawi zina, wachinyamata amatumizidwa kumalo osamalira odwala kwambiri.
Kuphatikiza pa jakisoni wa chinthu chamafuta, ndikulimbikitsidwa kuti muzitsatira zakudya zoyenera, kusala kudya sikuvomerezeka, pakati pazakudya zazikulu ziyenera kukhala ndizakudya zazing'ono zamasamba ndi zipatso. Endocrinologists ndi akatswiri azakudya zamagulu amalimbitsa thupi kuti azisiyira chakudya cham'mimba chothamanga, zakumwa za carbonated.
Maswiti amtundu wa chokoleti ayenera kukhala nanu nthawi zonse, izi zingathandize:
- kuthana ndi kuchepa kwamphamvu kwa shuga m'magazi;
- kupewa glycemic chikomokere.
Kuchepa kwa shuga ndikotheka ngati wodwalayo adadzivulaza yekha ndi mahomoni ochulukirapo. Nthawi ndi nthawi, muyenera kutsatira zakudya, ziyenera kukhala ndi kuchuluka kwa mapuloteni komanso zakudya zovuta za chakudya.
Ndi chachilendo kwambiri kugwiritsa ntchito njira yothandizira ngati kupatsirana kwa kapamba, ndi maselo a beta. Komabe, zochitika zoterezi zimatha kutchedwa kuti kupatula lamulo.
Chithandizo cha mtundu wachiwiri wa matenda zimachitika pogwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ochepetsa shuga, ochita bwino komanso kudya mokwanira. Dokotala atha kukuwuzani jakisoni wa insulin, momwemo amachepetsa mwayi wosintha msanga glycemia.
Pofuna kudziwa matendawa poyambira kupangika, zimawonetsedwa kangapo pachaka kupereka magazi pofuna kutsimikizira za shuga.
Zambiri zakuyambirira kwa matenda ashuga mwa ana ndi akulu zimaperekedwa mu kanema munkhaniyi.
