Wachikulire aliyense, wokonda kwathunthu komanso wokhala ndi vuto lotengera majini, ayenera kudziwa zomwe zizindikilo za matenda ashuga mwa abambo zaka 60 zitatha.
Ngakhale ziwerengero zimawonetsa kuti kuchuluka kwa odwala matenda ashuga achikazi kumawirikiza kawiri kuposa amuna, chiwerengero cha amuna omwe amapezeka ndi matenda a shuga chikuwonjezeka chaka chilichonse.
Kuzindikira kwakanthawi kumatha kuteteza wodwala ku zovuta zambiri. Ndizofunikira kwambiri mukakalamba, thupi likalephera kuthana ndi matendawa.
Mitundu ya matenda ashuga komanso zomwe zimayambitsa
Choyambitsa chachikulu cha matenda a shuga ndi zovuta za autoimmune mthupi. Zotsatira zake, kupanga kwa mahomoni a hypoglycemic mwina kumasokoneza kapena kuyimitsidwa kwathunthu. Tsoka ilo, pakadali pano pakupanga mankhwala amakono, matenda a shuga sangathe kugonjetsedwa. Pali mitundu ingapo yamatendawa:
- Mtundu woyamba, womwe kupanga insulin kumayimitsidwa chifukwa cha kusokonekera kwa ntchito ya maselo a beta. Matenda a shuga amtunduwu amakula ngakhale ubwana kapena unyamata. Nthawi zambiri, matendawa amapezeka ali ndi zaka 5 mpaka 12, choncho matenda amtundu 1 amatchedwa achinyamata. Chofunikira pakuchizira matendawa ndi insulin.
- Mtundu wachiwiri wa matenda amakula akamakalamba, kuyambira zaka 40. Pankhaniyi, insulin imapangidwa ndi kapamba, koma zotumphukira ndi minofu sizizindikira mokwanira. Mu magawo oyamba a kupita patsogolo kwa matenda, msambo wa glycemia umayendetsedwa ndi mankhwala othandizira kudya komanso kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi nthawi zonse. Popita nthawi, kufooka kwa pancreatic kumachitika, chifukwa chomwe wodwalayo amagwiritsa ntchito othandizira a hypoglycemic.
- Matenda a gestational ndi matenda omwe amayamba mwa azimayi nthawi yayitali. Kusintha kwachilengedwe m'misempha ya shuga kumalumikizidwa ndi kusintha kwa mahomoni m'thupi la mayi woyembekezera. Matendawa ndi owopsa chifukwa amatha kukhala asymptomatic nthawi yayitali. Nthawi zambiri, zimachitika mwana atabadwa, koma nthawi zina amatha kusintha mtundu wa shuga.
Zina mwazomwe zimapangitsa kukula kwa matenda ashuga amtundu woyamba makamaka ndikupanga ma antibodies ku cell yawo mthupi (ndondomeko ya autoimmune), matenda ena opatsirana (ma mumps, rubella, mononucleosis ndi hepatitis), komanso kuchuluka kwa zochitika za maselo T.
Zinthu zikuluzikulu zomwe zimayambitsa matenda ashuga a 2 ndizachikhalidwe komanso kunenepa kwambiri. Kuphatikiza apo, pali zinthu zina zowopsa:
- kuvulala, matenda ndi kuwonongeka kwa kapamba;
- matenda opatsirana ndi ma virus (mwachitsanzo rubella, mumps, nthomba, matenda a chiwindi);
- gulu la zaka (kuyambira 40 mpaka 40);
- kupsinjika kwakali ndi mavuto amanjenje;
- kuthamanga kwa magazi
- matenda ake a Itsenko-Cushing ndi acromegaly;
- Matenda a mimba ndi kubereka mwana wopitilira 4kg.
Zizindikiro zoyambirira za matenda ashuga mwa amuna
"Matenda Aukoma" ndiwachinyengo kwambiri, chifukwa chake, amatha kupitilira nthawi yobisika. Mwa amuna opitilira 60, matenda oyambira amachoka popanda kuwonekera kokwanira. Pamenepa, World Health Organisation imalimbikitsa kuti pakhale kuyesedwa kwa magazi miyezi isanu ndi umodzi iliyonse.
Popeza chithunzithunzi cha chipatala sichinatchulidwe, zimakhala zovuta kuzizindikira. Koma ngati mukuyang'anitsitsa thanzi lanu, ndiye kuti mutha kuzindikira zotsatirazi:
- Kuchepetsa thupi mwachangu. Mchitidwewu umalumikizidwa ndi kuphwanya kwa mayamwidwe ammadzi, chifukwa maselo amatulutsa mphamvu yamafuta ndi mapuloteni.
- Kutopa kwakukuru ndi kukwiya. Zizindikiro zimatuluka chifukwa cha njala ya maselo ndikuwonetsedwa kwa matupi a ketone - zopangidwa ndi mafuta osweka.
- Kuyenda ndi redness m'malo osiyanasiyana pakhungu, makamaka m'manja, kumapazi ndi kunenepa.
- Zizindikiro zina zimaphatikizira kugona ndi njala komanso thukuta kwambiri.
Kusintha kwa pathological pamwambapa ndi chizindikiro choyamba cha matenda ashuga. Nthawi zina amasokonezedwa ndi kupanikizika kosavuta kapena kugwira ntchito kwambiri.
Koma ndibwino kupita ku ofesi ya dokotala kukayezetsa magazi kuti mutsimikizire kuti kulibe kapena kudwala.
Chizindikiro Chakutha kwa Matenda A shuga
Mu magawo apambuyo a kupita patsogolo kwa matenda, ziwonetsero zotchulidwa zimachitika. Choyamba, ndikumakhala ludzu kosalekeza komanso polyuria. Zizindikiro ziwiri izi zomwe zimagwirizanirana zimawonekera chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa impso. Amachotsa zinthu zonse zapoizoni m'thupi, kuphatikiza shuga.
Popeza shuga amathandizidwa kwambiri, impso zimafunikira madzi ambiri, omwe amayamba kutulutsa minofu. Zotsatira zake, wodwalayo amangomwa madzi ndipo nthawi zambiri amapita kuchimbudzi "pang'ono pang'ono". Tiyenera kudziwa kuti kupezeka kwa shuga mumkodzo ndi chimodzi mwazizindikiro za hyperglycemia.
Mosiyana ndi amayi omwe achulukitsa kulemera kwa thupi kumayambiriro kwa matendawa, amuna amakhala ndi ziwalo zamkati. Zizindikiro zina zakukula kwa "matenda okoma" ndi:
- kuphwanya zida zowoneka;
- idachepetsa chidwi;
- machiritso autali a abrasions ndi mabala;
- magazi m`kamwa, kufooka kwa mano enamel;
- dzanzi ndi kulira kwa malekezero.
Kuphatikiza pa zizindikiro zonsezi, matenda ashuga amakhudza kugonana kwa mwamuna. Matupi a Ketone samangokhudza kugwira ntchito kwa ubongo, komanso amachepetsa kupanga kwa testosterone. Zotsatira zake, chilakolako chogonana chimachepetsedwa, ndiye kuti pali zovuta ndi erection, orgasm ndi ejaculation.
Kagayidwe kosokonekera ka chakudya, mafuta ndi mapuloteni amakhudza kuwonongeka kwa kapangidwe ka DNA. Zotsatira zake, kuchuluka kwa umuna womwe umapangidwa umachepetsedwa, ndipo kubereka kumakula. Kuphatikiza apo, vuto ndi potency limachitika chifukwa cha kusayenda bwino kwa magazi. Matenda a shuga amakhudza ziwiya zing'onozing'ono za ziwalo zonse.
Pofuna kuti musawononge thanzi lanu la abambo, muyenera kusintha magazi m'thupi, kudya moyenera, kukhala ndi moyo wakhama, komanso kumenya mapaundi owonjezera. Komabe, izi sizingathandize pa kugonana, chifukwa chake wodwalayo adzafunika kupempha thandizo kwa katswiri woyenera.
Zokhudza chithandizo cha matenda
Choyamba, wodwalayo amayenera kukayezetsa ena kuti awone kuchuluka kwa shuga. Pali mayeso ambiri omwe amathandizira kudziwa kuchuluka kwa glycemia, koma zotsatirazi zimawoneka ngati zotchuka kwambiri.
| M'badwo wa munthu | Mtundu wa kusanthula | Chikhalidwe cha shuga mwa munthu wathanzi |
| Zaka 61 - 69 | Kuyesedwa kwa magazi a capillary | 4,6 mpaka 6.4 mmol / L (pamimba yopanda kanthu) |
| Kuyeserera kwa glucose (ndi katundu pomwe wodwala amamwa madzi ndi shuga) | osakwana 7.8 mmol / l (atatha kugwiritsa ntchito madzi okoma) | |
| Mayeso a hemoglobin wa glycosylated (wopangidwa kwa miyezi itatu) | kuyambira 4.5 mpaka 6.1% | |
| Urinalysis | Nthawi zambiri, mkodzo mulibe shuga kapena kutulutsa kwake sikudutsa 0,02%. |
Ngati zotsatira za phunzirolo zikupita pazowoneka bwino, izi zikuwonetsa kukhalapo kwa odwala matenda ashuga. Atakhazikitsa matenda, dokotala amayamba kupanga mtundu wa mankhwala a abambo. Kubwezeretsa bwino kumakhala ndi zinthu zitatu, izi:
- Zakudya zochepa za carb. Kuchokera muzakudya muyenera kupatula chokoleti, makeke, ayisikilimu, zipatso zotsekemera ndi zipatso (mphesa, chivwende, sitiroberi, rasipiberi). Ndikofunikanso kuiwala za zakudya zamafuta ndi nyama yokazinga. M'malo mwake, muyenera kudya zipatso zambiri zopanda zipatso (mandimu, maapulo wobiriwira, ma cherries) ndi masamba atsopano (tomato, nkhaka), komanso zinthu zamafuta ochepa mkaka wowawasa.
- Zochita zolimbitsa thupi. Mukunenepa kwambiri, kusewera masewera sikophweka. Chifukwa chake, ngakhale kuyenda osachepera mphindi 30-60 patsiku ndi koyenera poyambira. Pali matekinoloje apadera ambiri, mwachitsanzo, kuyenda kwa Nordic ndi njira yathanzi.
- Kumwa mankhwala a hypoglycemic kapena insulin.
Kuphatikiza apo, muyenera kuyang'anira kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi.
Zotsatira za kupezeka kwadzidzidzi
Kulephera kugwira ntchito mu shuga kumabweretsa zotsatirapo zoyipa kwambiri.
Popita nthawi, matenda amalepheretsa pafupifupi ziwalo zonse.
Choyamba, matenda a shuga amabweretsa kukula kwa makoma amitsempha yamagazi ndikuyenda bwino kwa magazi, kenako matendawa amapezeka:
- mogwirizana ndi mtima dongosolo: kuthamanga kwa magazi, angina pectoris, atherosulinosis, myocardial infarction;
- retinopathy - kutupa kwa retina kwamaso, komwe kumayambitsa kuwonongeka kwa mawonekedwe ndi kuwoneka kwa zolakwika zosiyanasiyana;
- diabetesic phazi - chikhalidwe chomwe chimaphatikiza njira za pathogenic zomwe zimapezeka kumapeto pang'ono - kuchokera zilonda zam'mimba mpaka kukulira kwa gangren, komwe timangolankhula za kudula;
- encephalopathy - matenda omwe minyewa yamanjenje imamwalira, zizindikiro za matendawa zimakhala chizungulire, kusokonezeka kukumbukira, kugona pang'ono, mavuto osokoneza bongo komanso kuona;
- matenda a shuga - nephropathy - kuwonongeka kwa impso chifukwa cha kuwonongeka kwa mabumbu amadzimadzi.
Kuyambira kuyambira wazaka 41, ndikofunikira kuti bambo aziyang'anira thanzi lake mosamala kwambiri. Izi makamaka zimakhudza iwo omwe ali pachiwopsezo chotenga matenda a shuga. Zizindikiro za thupi zimatha kufalitsa njira zazikulu za matenda zomwe zimafunikira kuthana nawo msanga.
Zizindikiro za matenda a shuga zafotokozedwa mu kanema m'nkhaniyi.
