Cancreas (kapamba) ndi gawo lofunikira pakugaya chakudya komanso kagayidwe kake ka thupi. Onsewa ndi endocrine komanso exocrine. Amabisa chinsinsi chotchedwa pancreatic (pancreatic) madzi, omwe amachotseredwa kudzera m'miyeso yolumikizana ndi duodenum. Ntchito za procrine ndizophatikizira zamahomoni omwe amalowa mwachindunji m'magazi.
Pa chimbudzi, kapamba amathandizira chiwindi, ndulu ya ndulu. Ngakhale bile limatulutsidwa mu duodenum kuti igwe mafuta, pancreatic madzi amafunika makamaka pokonza chakudya chamagulu. Ntchito yamahisitiri ya gland imakhudzidwanso ndi izi: kupanga insulini. Wotsirizirayi, monga mukudziwa, ndi gawo lokakamiza kuchita nawo njira zosavuta zamafuta ndi shuga. Chifukwa chake chitsulo chimakhudza kwambiri tsogolo la munthu ndi thanzi la munthu.
Mbali yayikulu ya chiwalo imafanana ndi komwe ili mthupi. Ili pakati pamimba pamlingo wa I - III lumbar vertebrae. Nduluyo ili moyandikana ndi kapamba wamanja, duodenum kumanzere. Pamwambapa pali m'mimba, chomwe chimakwirira chiwalo kutsogolo, ngati munthu alowa malo apamwamba. Udindo wa kapamba wakhazikika, i.e., sizimadalira kayendedwe ka thupi.
Mwazi umapereka kwa chiwalo umaperekedwa ndi m'mimba msempha. Kuphatikiza apo, imagawidwa pakati pazing'onoting'ono zazing'ono zam'mimba, gastroduodenal, mkulu komanso yopanikizana ndi mafinya. Kutuluka kwa magazi kumachitika kudzera mu minyewa ya m'mimba ndi ya portal.
Ma macroscopic kapangidwe ka chiwalo
Kapangidwe ka kapamba kamagawidwe m'magulu ogwirira ntchito. Anatomists amasiyanitsa magawo atatu kapangidwe ka chiwalo.
Maofesi amasiyanasiyana malo ndi ziwalo zina zamkati komanso mawonekedwe
Madipatimenti oyambilira a gland awa ndi osiyana:
- Mutu; Ili ndi m'lifupi mwake (mpaka 3.5 cm) yotalika I mpaka III lumbar vertebrae. Apa, kuchokera ku pancreatic duct, nthambi zowonjezera kunja ndi ma enzyme zimachotsedwa m'matumbo.
- Thupi. Ili pamlingo woyamba I wa lumbar vertebra, kutalika kwake sikuposa masentimita 2.5. Cholinga ndikukulumikiza maukonde a mchira ndi mutu, komanso chinsinsi cha madzi a pancreatic.
- Mchira. Kutalika kumafanana ndi vertebra II, kutalika kwakukulu ndi masentimita 3. Kukula kwakukulu kwa zisumbu za Langerhans kumadziwika pamenepo.
Kutalika kokwanira kwa kapamba wathanzi mwa munthu wamkulu ndi pakati pa masentimita 16 mpaka 23. Kapangidwe ka kapamba kamunthu kumawonetsedwa ndi chithunzi pansipa.
Duct yodziwika imakhala ndi kutalika kofanana ndi kutalika kwa kutulutsa ndipo imalumikizana ndi duodenum kudzera papilla wamkulu. Komanso, papilla yaying'onoyo imalekanitsa matumbo ndi chimbudzi chowonjezera cha kapamba. Kutuluka konseku kumazunguliridwa ndi minyewa yapanthawi yocheperako komanso kutseguka. Makulidwe ofukula a chubu akulu amafika 2 mm mchira ndi 4 mm pamutu.
Chifukwa chake, kapambayu ali ndi mawonekedwe a alveolar. Mwachidule, gland imadzaza ndi ma ducts ang'onoang'ono, omwe amakula akamayandikira wamba (Wirsung duct). Amapangidwa m'm nthambi ndi kudyetsa magawo ambiri a parenchyma. Parenchyma ndiye gawo, losapangika la khungu la chiwalo. Pankhaniyi, ili ndi mbiri yotere:
- acini (exocrine ntchito) - 98%;
- zilumba za Langerhans (endocrine ntchito) - 2%.
Ndiye kuti, zochuluka za kapamba zimapereka katulutsidwe wakunja kulowa m'mimba.
Masikono a ma pancreatic amagwira ntchito modziyimira payokha. Kudzikundikira kwakukulu kumatheka mgawo la mchira. Amapezeka m'makola mkati mwa maselo otsalawo, koma osamangira kumiyeso ya msuzi.
Pachilumba chilichonse, maselo akuluakulu amakhala osakanikirana. Nyumba zokhwima zimadziwika ndi dongosolo. Pachilumbacho pali chikhazikitso cha minofu yolumikizana, ndipo mkati mwake chimagawika magulu awiriwa okhala m'magazi.
Pakati pa lobules pamakhala maselo a beta, komanso m'mphepete mwa maselo a alpha ndi delta. Amasiyana mu magwiridwe antchito ndipo amakambidwa mwatsatanetsatane pansipa.
Ntchito ya pancreatic
Kapangidwe ka kapamba wamunthu kumagwirizana mwachindunji ndi cholinga cha chilichonse chogwira ntchito. Kapangidwe ka thupilo limapangidwira pakupanga mwachangu ndikuchotsa ma enzymes.
Ndi katundu wowonjezereka, dipatimenti yoyang'anira zachinsinsi imayamba ndipo duct yowonjezera imatsegulidwa. Madzi am'mimba amapangidwa ndi acini ndikumayendetsa kudzera mu machubu kupita ku duodenum. Katundu wa katulutsidwe kamakhala ndi ma enzyme otsatirawa:
- Amylase ndi enzyme yomwe imaphwanya wowuma kukhala saccharides osavuta.
- Lipase - agwetsa mafuta ndi ma acid acids, mavitamini A, D, E, K.
- Protease - amaphwanya mapuloteni kukhala amino acid.
Kukula kwa kapamba kumadalira mtundu wa chakudya chomwe watenga. Ma enzymes ambiri amafuna masamba ndi zakudya zamatumbo, ndiye mafuta. Yotsekemera ya madzi onse ndi yofunika kuti chimbudzi cha mapuloteni chizigwira. Inde, kapangidwe kake kamagwiritsidwe kazakudya kamatanthauzanso zakudya.
Kapangidwe ndi kagawo ka zisumbu za Langerhans ndikumvetsetsa kwathunthu ngati mankhwala amakono. Kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma 1900, endocrinologist waku Russia L.V. Sobolev adatsimikiza - kuyesa kukuwonetsa kuti magawo a isanc pancreatic is the regulation of carbohydrate metabolism. Kuzindikira kwa ntchito zawo kumayambitsa malaise ndi matenda ashuga wamba.
Monga ananenera, chilumba chilichonse chimagawidwa m'makola ozunguliridwa ndi ma capillaries. Maselo omwe ali mmenemu ali motere.
- cy-cell (15-20%) - amapanga mawonekedwe a mphete m'mphepete mwa lobe, amatulutsa glucagon, wotsutsana ndi insulin, amafunika kukhalabe ndi glucose yolondola m'magazi;
- β-cell (65-80%) - gulu lomwe lili pakatikati, limatulutsa insulini;
- Ma cell a Δ-cell (3-10%) - amapezekanso pafupi ndi m'mphepete, amapangira somatostatin, omwe amalepheretsa kupanga mahomoni okula komanso mahomoni awiri apitawa;
- Maselo a PP (3-5%) - amatulutsa enzyme yomwe imalepheretsa kugwira ntchito kwa kapamba;
- Ma cell a Ε-cell (<1%) - amapanga ghrelin, yomwe imayambitsa chisangalalo.
Zikondamoyo zili ndi ntchito zosiyanasiyana komanso gawo lalikulu lachithupiro. Chifukwa chake, kuphwanya kwa PCA opaleshoni kumabweretsa zotsatira zingapo.
Pathologies mu ntchito ndi chitukuko cha gland
Chifukwa cha matenda a ndulu kapena kumwa mowa (osafunikira nthawi yayitali), matenda odziwika bwino a kapamba amatha kuonekera. Imadziwoneka yokha mu kutupa kwa kapamba. Matendawa amatuluka m'njira ziwiri: pachimake komanso matenda.
Zina zomwe zimatha kudzutsa kukakamiza mu kuponderezedwa kwakukulu kwa kapamba, kumayambitsa edema ndi kuyambitsa koyambirira kwa zinthu zogwira ntchito. Zotsatira zake, kuyambira kwa madzi a pancreatic mu chiwalo palokha ndikuwonongeka kwa minofu yoyandikana nayo. Chizindikiro chachikulu cha matendawa ndi kupweteka kwambiri pamimba, zomwe sizithandiza analgesics.
Kuphatikiza apo, mitundu yonse iwiri ya kapamba imasonyezedwa ndi zizindikiro:
- Kutentha kwambiri.
- Kupanikizika kumapitilira. Mowa pancreatitis nthawi zambiri umakhala limodzi ndi matenda oopsa (kuthamanga kwa magazi).
- Zizindikiro za Dyspeptic.
- Kufalikira.
- Kubera.
Fomu yodwalayo imapangitsa kuwonongeka kwa minofu kosatha. Pali kusintha mu mbiri ya chiwalo ndi kuwonongeka kwathunthu mu magwiridwe antchito onse a exocrine ndi endocrine. Komanso, kuperewera kwa maselo a endocrine kumachepetsa kupanga insulin ndikupangitsa matenda a shuga.
Ngati pancreatitis yachilendo ikukayikiridwa, ambulansi iyenera kuyitanidwa posachedwa, popeza chithandizo chamtunduwu ndizotheka kuchipatala kokha. Kuwerengera kumenyedwa koopsa kumadalira kukana kudya ndikuyika zinthu zozizira m'mimba.
Matendawa amapezeka ndi njira zingapo: kuyezetsa magazi ndi zamankhwala am'mwazi, urinalysis, ndowe. Ultrasound nthawi zina imagwiritsidwa ntchito, ngakhale iyi si njira yodalirika. Imafotokoza kusintha kwa kapangidwe ndi edema pokhapokha nthawi yowonjezera.
Wodwala kapamba, wodwalayo amangokhala ndi kadyedwe. Chofunikira chake ndikuchepetsa ntchito ya thupi lomwe lakhudzidwa. Ndipo, popeza ntchito za khansa ya Prostate ndiyotakata, gawo lalikulu la zakudya zomwe limachitika nthawi zambiri limatsitsidwa ndi contraindication.
Zakudya zilizonse zamafuta ndizoletsedwa: masamba ndi nyama:
- Zakudya zokazinga ndi zosuta, zakudya zamzitini ndi masoseji;
- zonunkhira;
- CHIKWANGWANI coara: mbatata, kabichi, bowa, kaloti, dzungu, nyemba;
- Madzi atsopano
- khofi, mowa, madzi oterera.
Ndikulimbikitsidwanso kuti musagwiritse ntchito maswiti a kapamba. Kusiyanako kumakhalapo pamene matendawa adutsa pagawo lokhululukirana chikhululukiro.
Mankhwalawa kapamba, tikulimbikitsidwa:
- Idyani ofunda okha.
- Musanaphike kapena kuphika zipatso ndi ndiwo zamasamba.
- Phula lamadzi, nyama yophika yophika, mazira osenda, tchizi chochepa kwambiri.
- Idyani maola atatu aliwonse ochepa.
- Kuphatikizika kwa mavitamini A, C, B1, B2, B12, K, PP.
Kuphatikiza pa zakudya, wodwalayo nthawi zambiri amapatsidwa mankhwala ena, mwachitsanzo, Creon, Mezim, Pancreatin. Zonsezi zimathandizira pakuchira kwa minofu ndikuwongolera chimbudzi.
Kapangidwe ndi kagwiridwe kake kofotokozedwera kanema mu nkhaniyi.
