Kwa theka la anthu mabiliyoni padziko lapansi, funso likadali momwe angabwezeretsere zikondamoyo za shuga. Pathanatomy imadziwika ndi chiwonetsero cha ziwalo, chifukwa chake sichitha kuchita exocrine ndi intracecretory function.
Odwala omwe apezeka ndi matenda a shuga a 2, omwe amawerengetsa 90% ya odwala onse omwe ali ndi matendawa, amalangizidwa kuti azitsatira zakudya zapadera, azichita masewera olimbitsa thupi ndipo, nthawi zina, amwe mankhwala a hypoglycemic.
Mtundu 1, odwala amapatsidwa jakisoni wokhazikika wa insulin. Kuphatikiza apo, mutha kuchulukitsa maselo a beta, kuchita immunomodulation kapena kupatsirana kwa kapamba.
Matenda a shuga
Matenda a shuga amadziwika kuti ndi mliri wa zaka za zana la 21 lino. Malinga ndi ziwerengero, kuchuluka kwa odwala ndi 8,5% mwa odwala akuluakulu. Mu 2014, odwala 422 miliyoni adalembetsa, poyerekeza, mu 1980 chiwerengero cha odwala chinali miliyoni 108. Matenda a shuga ndi matenda omwe amafalikira kwambiri, omwe amapitilira kunenepa kwambiri.
Kukula kwa matenda am'mimba kumayambira ndikuyenda bwino kwa endocrine system. Nthawi yomweyo, zomwe zimayambitsa matenda a shuga sizidziwika bwinobwino. Komabe, pali zinthu zambiri zomwe zimawonjezera chiopsezo chotenga matendawa: jenda, zaka, cholowa, kunenepa kwambiri, kubereka zam'mimba, ndi zina zambiri.
Mitundu iwiri yayikulu ya matendawa imadziwika - mtundu woyamba (wodwala wa insulin) ndi wachiwiri (wosadalira insulini).
Mtundu woyamba wa matenda a shuga umapezeka makamaka ali mwana. Pathology imadziwika ndi kusiya kwathunthu kupanga kwa insulin ndi kapamba, timadzi tambiri timene timatulutsa shuga m'magazi. Pankhaniyi, mankhwala a insulin amasonyezedwa - jekeseni wokhazikika wa jakisoni wa insulin.
Mtundu wachiwiri wa matendawa umapezeka wazaka 40-45. Monga lamulo, chifukwa cha kunenepa kwambiri kapena chifukwa cha kutengera kwa chibadwa, insulini imasiya kulowa m'maselo a chandamale, chifukwa amayamba kuyankha molakwika. Njirayi imatchedwa insulin kukana. Zotsatira zake, kapamba wamankhwala amatha ndipo sangathe kupanga kuchuluka kofunikira kwa kutsitsa kwa shuga. Ndi matenda anthawi yake, kuchuluka kwa shuga kumatha kuwongoleredwa popanda kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala, chifukwa ndikokwanira kutsata zakudya zoyenera komanso kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi. Pazinthu zapamwamba kwambiri, muyenera kumwa mapiritsi a hypoglycemic kapena jakisoni wa insulin.
Zizindikiro zazikulu za matendawa ndi polyuria ndi ludzu lalikulu. Izi zimalumikizana ndi ntchito ya kwamikodzo dongosolo. Mafuta ochulukirapo amachotsedwanso ndi impso, ndipo chifukwa cha izi amafunikira madzi ambiri, omwe amachotsedwa m'matumbo. Zotsatira zake, munthu amayamba kumwa madzi ambiri ndikuyendera kuchimbudzi pafupipafupi. Komanso, wodwala matenda ashuga amatha kumva zotsatirazi:
- kugwa m'miyendo yakumunsi ndi kumtunda;
- kutopa kwambiri, kuchepa kwa ntchito;
- kuwonongeka mu mawonekedwe acuity;
- kumverera kwa dzanzi m'manja ndi miyendo;
- kupweteka mutu komanso chizungulire;
- kukwiya, kugona tulo;
- chilonda chachitali.
Kuphatikiza apo, matenda apakhungu angachitike.
Pancreatic beta cell kukonza
Monga mukudziwa, chitetezo cha mthupi chimayamba kupanga ma antibodies ku cell yake ya beta, yomwe imapezeka mu islet zida za kapamba. Popita nthawi, thupilo limatha ndipo silitha kutulutsa insulini.
Mpaka pano, pakonzedwa njira yobwezeretsa kapamba mu shuga. Kuti muchite izi, ndikofunikira kuchulukitsa maselo a beta ndikuwachotsa m'thupi la wodwalayo. Kupitilira apo, chilichonse chidzadalira chitetezo cha mthupi: ngati sayamba kuzikana, ndiye kuti pali mwayi woti abwezeretse momwe zimapangidwira timadzi timene timachepetsa shuga.
Ntchito ya pancreatic imabwezeretsedwa kwa moyo wanu wonse. Komabe, beta cell cloning imatha kuchitika kangapo.
Chithandizo choterechi ndi chatsopano, motero sichinayambebe ntchito. Pofuna kubwezeretsa kuchuluka kwa maselo, majakisoni a puloteni inayake amaperekedwa.
Palinso njira ina yofanizira kuchuluka kwa maselo a beta, zomwe zimaphatikizapo kulimbikitsa ntchito yawo mkati mwa thupi.
Njira zonsezi zimayesedwa mwa anthu ndipo zimakhala ndi zotsatira zabwino. Mwinanso posachedwa matenda a shuga angagonjetsedwe.
Immunomodulation ndi limba kupatsidwa zina
Pokhala ndi shuga wodalira insulin, maselo ochepa a beta amachulukitsa. Chitetezo cha mthupi chimapanga ma antibodies omwe amawononga ma cell amenewa nthawi yomweyo. Pakadali pano, pali katemera wapadera yemwe akuthetsa vuto la momwe angachiritsire kapamba ndi matenda ashuga.
Jakisoni wotere amathandizira chitetezo cha mthupi kuti chiwononge chitetezo cha mthupi. "Kupulumuka" maselo a beta azitha kuchuluka, ndipo pakapita nthawi, zikondamoyo zimabwezeretseka.
Njira yofananira ndikutsitsa. Kafukufuku wambiri watsimikiza kuti poika mabisiketi a Langerhans, kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi kumatha kukhazikika. Pofuna kuti thupi lisakane ziwalo zoikidwa, muyenera kumwa mankhwala a immunosuppressive.
Maselo amtunduwu amathandizidwanso kuti apititse patsogolo ntchito za pancreatic. Zotsatira zake, kulekerera chitetezo chakuthupi kumatha kubwezeretsedwanso.
Akatswiri ambiri amati njira yabwino yothandizira matenda ashuga ndikuwonjezera matenda a shuga a nkhumba kapamba, wotchedwa. xenotransplantation Zida zanyama zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kalekale insulin yaumunthu itapangidwa.
Monga mukudziwa, kupita patsogolo kwa matenda ashuga kumayambitsa zovuta zambiri - phazi la shuga, retinopathy, neuropathy, nephropathy, ndi zina zambiri. Ndi kuvulala kwambiri kwa impso, kuphatikizira kuphatikizana ndikotheka.
Madokotala amapereka chiyembekezo chotsimikizika: mu 90% ya milandu, ziwalo zimayamba kuzika mizu.
Dietotherapy - monga njira yobwezeretsa
Kudya moyenera ndi chimodzi mwazinthu zazikulu zothandizira kuti shuga azikhala bwino komanso kuti azichita pancreatic.
Kusintha kadyedwe kanu ka matenda ashuga 2 kungakuthandizeni kupewa mankhwala.
Anthu odwala matenda ashuga saloledwa kudya zakudya zopatsa mphamvu zamafuta ndi mafuta.
Malamulo oyamba azakudya zopatsa thanzi kwa odwala matenda ashuga ndi awa:
- Kuphika kuyenera kuchitidwa chofewa, chophika kapena chophika.
- Kuletsedwa kwa chokoleti, maswiti, kirimu, makeke, ayisikilimu ndi maswiti ena.
- Kukana kwa muffin, ophika buledi ndi pasitala, komwe ufa wa premium umagwiritsidwa ntchito.
- Kugwiritsa ntchito masamba osaphika ndi zipatso ndikulandiridwa - amadyera, nkhaka, tomato, maapulo wobiriwira, vwende, nthochi, zipatso zamalanje. Ngechi, munahase kulya vinjikizo na mavwende, kaha muli vyakulya vyamwaza mangana.
- Momwe zakudya zimapangidwira kuchokera kwa wholemeal. Mwachitsanzo, Borodino kapena rye mkate, makeke a oatmeal, etc.
- Muyenera kudzikakamiza kuti muzingodya nsomba zamafuta ochepa komanso nyama - hake, zander, nkhuku, kalulu, ndi zina zambiri.
- Pang'ono pang'ono amaloledwa kugwiritsa ntchito mkaka wa skim ndi zotumphukira - mkaka wowotchera, kefir, kirimu wowawasa, tchizi tchizi.
- Kuphatikiza pa zakudya zamafuta ambiri monga buckwheat, oatmeal, mapira mapira.
- Pakati pa zakumwa amaloledwa kumwa tiyi wofooka, ma compotes osakhudzidwa ndi zakumwa zamapu.
- Kukana zizolowezi zoipa - kusuta fodya komanso uchidakwa.
- Komanso, kuwonjezera mchere wambiri, wowuma ndi zipatso za tsabola sizikulimbikitsidwa.
- Zakudya ziyenera kukhala zopindika: Zakudya ziyenera kudyedwa pang'ono patsiku la 5-6 patsiku.
Zakudya za anthu odwala matenda ashuga zimathandizanso kupweteka kwa m'mimba - kutupa kwa kapamba chifukwa cha kuyambitsa kwa ma enzymes apadera mkati mwake. Zotsatira zake, pamakhala njira yodzigaya yokha ya chiwalo, madzi a kapamba samalowetsa duodenum, omwe amatsogolera kukumba. Kapangidwe kamene kamapangidwa ndi kapamba ndi kapamba amasiyanasiyana kwambiri.
Ngati chithandizo chowonjezereka, mankhwala wowerengeka azitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito. Kubwezeretsa thupi ndikupititsa patsogolo chitetezo chamthupi, ma decoctions ndi infusions a chamomile, dieelle, oats, assen ndi chowawa chowawa amagwiritsidwa ntchito.
Momwe mungabwezeretsere ntchito ya pancreatic mu shuga ikufotokozedwa mu kanema munkhaniyi.
