Matenda a shuga ndi mtundu wamatenda omwe amatsogolera ku kusokonezeka kwa metabolic mothandizidwa ndi mawonekedwe amodzi - kuwonjezeka kwa shuga m'magazi kuposa zofunikira.
Matenda a shuga ndiimfa ali pamalo achitatu pamafupipafupi a matenda. Malo awiri oyambawa amakhala ndi matenda a oncological komanso mtima. Matenda akapezeka msanga, amatha kusachedwa kuwongolera.
Ndiosavuta kudziwa pakapita nthawi, ngati mukumvetsa zomwe zimayambitsa chitukuko, makamaka magulu omwe ali pachiwopsezo. Za momwe mungadziwire ngati magazi amakwezedwa, kunyumba, mayeso apadera, glucometer ndi zida zina zimatha kudziwa.
Zizindikiro
Mtundu uliwonse wa "matenda a shuga" umakhala ndi zoyambitsa zosiyanasiyana komanso mapangidwe ake, koma onse amagawana zizindikiro zomwe zimafanana kwa anthu azaka zosiyanasiyana komanso akazi.
Mwa zina mwazizindikiro:
- kuwonda kapena kunenepa kwambiri,
- ludzu, kamwa yowuma,
- kukodza kosalekeza ndikutulutsa mkodzo kwakukulu (nthawi zina mpaka malita 10).
Thupi likasintha, izi ziyenera kuchenjeza, chifukwa shuga imadziwoneka ndendende ndi chizindikiro choyambachi.
Kuchepetsa thupi kwambiri kumatha kuyankhula za matenda amtundu woyamba, kuwonda kumadziwika ndi matenda amtundu wa 2.
Kuphatikiza pazowonekera zazikulu, pali mndandanda wazizindikiro, kuuma kwake komwe kumatengera ndi gawo la matendawa. Ngati shuga wambiri amapezeka m'magazi a anthu kwanthawi yayitali, ndiye kuti:
- kukhathamira, kulemera m'miyendo ndi ana ang'ono,
- kuchepa kwa zowoneka bwino,
- kufooka, kutopa, chizungulire chosatha,
- kuyabwa pakhungu ndi perineum,
- matenda opatsirana opatsirana
- kuchira kwakanthaŵi kwa abrasions ndi mabala.
Kukula kwa mawonekedwe amtunduwu kumadalira mkhalidwe wa thupi la wodwalayo, shuga wa magazi ndi kutalika kwa matendawo. Ngati munthu ali ndi ludzu losagontseka mkamwa mwake komanso kukoka pafupipafupi nthawi ina iliyonse masana, izi zikuwonetsa kuti kufunikira kofulumira kuwona kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi.
Izi ndizowonetsera kwambiri zomwe zimawonetsa kukhalapo kwa matenda ashuga oyamba. Ndikofunikira kufunsa dokotala yemwe adzakupatseni mayeso angapo, akuti:
- urinalysis
- kuyezetsa magazi kwa shuga.
Nthawi zambiri matendawa amayambika ndipo amatuluka popanda chizindikiro chilichonse, ndipo nthawi yomweyo amadzionetsa ngati mavuto akulu.
Kuti izi zisachitike, muyenera kukayezetsa kamodzi kamodzi pachaka, osanyalanyaza mayeso a wochizira.
Zida zoyesera
Chida chosavuta komanso chotsika mtengo kwambiri pakuwongolera kuchuluka kwa shuga ndi mikwingwirima yapadera ya tester. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi pafupifupi aliyense wodwala matenda ashuga.
Kunja, timizere ta pepala timakhala tokhala ndi ma michere apadera, ndipo madzi akamalowa, mizere imasintha. Ngati pali shuga m'magazi, ndiye kuti munthu angakhazikitse izi mwachangu ndi mfuti.
Mulingo wa glucose nthawi zambiri umakhala 3,3 - 5.5 mmol / L. Chizindikiro ichi ndichakuwunikira, womwe umatengedwa chakudya cham'mawa chisanachitike. Ngati munthu adya kwambiri, ndiye kuti shuga amatha kukwera 9 - 10 mmol / l. Pakapita nthawi, shuga amayenera kuchepetsa magwiridwe ake kufikira mulingo womwe anali asanadye.
Kuti mugwiritse ntchito gawo la tester ndikudziwa shuga m'magazi, muyenera kutsatira zojambula zotsatirazi:
- Sambani manja anu ndi sopo ndikawapukuta,
- onetsani manja anu pakukomana,
- ikani chopukutira chouma kapena chouma patebulo,
- kutikita minofu kapena kugwirana chanza kuti magazi ake aziyenda bwino,
- kuchitira ndi antiseptic,
- pangani chala chanu ndi singano ya insulini kapena chida china chake,
- tsitsani dzanja lanu ndikudikirira kuti magazi abwere,
- gwira gawo lamwazi ndi chala chako kuti magazi aphimbe gawo latsopanolo,
- pukuta chala chanu ndi thonje kapena bandeji.
Kufufuza kumachitika masekondi 30-60 mutatha kugwiritsa ntchito magazi kwa reagent. Zambiri zitha kupezeka powerenga malangizo a mizera yoyeserera. Setiyo iyenera kukhala ndi kukula kwamtundu womwe zotsatira zake zimafananizidwa.
Kuchuluka kwa glucose, kumapangitsa khungu kukhala loyera. Mthunzi uliwonse umakhala ndi nambala yake yolingana ndi mulingo wa shuga. Ngati zotsatirazi zidatenga phindu lapakati pamunda woyeserera, muyenera kuwonjezera manambala awiri oyandikana ndikuwonetsa masamu.
Kutsimikiza kwa shuga mkodzo
Oyeserera amagwiranso ntchito mofananamo, kupatsa mwayi kudziwa shuga mu mkodzo. Vutoli limapezeka mkodzo ngati m'magazi chizindikiro chake chimaposa 10 mmol / l. Vutoli nthawi zambiri limatchedwa chidutswa cha impso.
Ngati kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi kumaposa 10 mmol / l, ndiye kuti mkodzo sutha kuthana ndi izi, ndipo shuga amayamba kuthira mkodzo. Shuga wambiri m'madzi a m'magazi, mumakhala mkodzo kwambiri.
Mizere yodziwira kuchuluka kwa shuga kudzera mkodzo safunikira kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa anthu amishuga 1, komanso kwa anthu azaka zopitilira 50. Popita nthawi, chiwopsezo chaimpso chimawonjezeka, ndipo shuga mumkodzo sangawonekere pazochitika zonse.
Mutha kuyesa kunyumba, kawiri pa tsiku: m'mawa ndi maola awiri mutatha kudya. Mzere wa reagent ukhoza kulowezedwa mwachindunji pansi pa mkodzo kapena kuthira mumtsuko wa mkodzo.
Pakakhala madzi ambiri, muyenera kudikirira kuti mukhale ngatigalasi. Oyesa omwe ali ndi manja kapena zopukutira ndi zopukutira ndizosavomerezeka kwathunthu. Pambuyo mphindi zochepa, mutha kuyang'ana zotsatira ndikuzifanizira ndi mtundu womwe ulipo.
Ndi njira yoyambirira yogwiritsira ntchito zakudya zotsekemera, shuga mumkodzo amatha kuchuluka, omwe muyenera kuyang'anitsitsa musanayambe kafukufuku.
Kugwiritsa ntchito magazi shuga
Zambiri zolondola za shuga zimatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito pogwiritsa ntchito chipangizo chotsimikiziridwa - glucometer. Ndi chipangizochi, mutha kuzindikira bwino magazi anu ali kunyumba.
Kuti muchite izi, chala chimabayidwa ndi lancet, dontho la magazi limayikidwa pa Mzere - wolemba ndipo womaliza amaikidwa mu glucometer. Mwachizolowezi, ndi glucometer, mutha kudziwa masekondi 15 aliwonse tsopano.
Zina mwazida zitha kusunga zidziwitso zakale. Zosankha zingapo zamakono ogwiritsira ntchito zida zoyesera glucose zilipo. Amatha kukhala ndi chiwonetsero chachikulu kapena phokoso lapadera.
Kuti muwunikire zaumoyo wanu, ma glucose ena am'magazi amatha kufalitsa kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi, komanso kudziwa kuchuluka kwa masamu. Kufufuza kuyenera kuchitika nthawi zonse pamimba yopanda kanthu. Manja amayenera kutsukidwa kwambiri musanayeze miyezo.
Pogwiritsa ntchito singano, amapangira chala chala pang'ono, ndikupaka magazi pang'ono ndikulowetsa mzerewo. Ngati mayesowo anachitika molondola, pamimba yopanda kanthu, ndiye kuti chizowoneka bwino ndi 70-130 mg / dl. Pamene kusanthula kumachitika maola awiri mutatha kudya, chizolowezi chimakhala mpaka 180 mg / dl.
Kuti muzindikire molondola kuti shuga ndiwambiri, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito zida za A1C. Chipangizochi chikuwonetsa kuchuluka kwa hemoglobin ndi glucose m'thupi la munthu m'miyezi itatu yapitayo. Malinga ndi A1C, mankhwalawa sioposa 5% shuga m'magazi.
Anthu omwe ali ndi matenda okayikira omwe amatha kukayikira amatha kutenga magazi kuchokera zoposa chala chokha. Pakadali pano, ma glucometer amakulolani kutora zinthu kuchokera:
- phewa
- patsogolo
- m'munsi mwa chala
- m'chiuno.
Ndikofunikira kukumbukira kuti chala chimakhala ndi kusintha kwakukulu pamasinthidwe, chifukwa chake, zotsatira zolondola kwambiri zimakhala m'magazi omwe amachotsedwa pamenepo.
Palibenso chifukwa chodalira zotsatira za mayeso ngati pali zizindikiro za hyperglycemia kapena ngati shuga wadzuka ndikugwa mwadzidzidzi.
GlucoWatch, mtengo wopepuka, MiniMed
Pakadali pano, njira yapamwamba kwambiri yodziwira shuga wamagazi ndi GlucoWatch yonyamula. Chimawoneka ngati wotchi, iyenera kuvalidwa nthawi zonse ndi dzanja. Chipangizochi chimayeza shuga katatu pakatha ola limodzi. Nthawi yomweyo, mwiniwake wa gadget safunika kuchita chilichonse.
Wotchi yotchedwa GlucoWatch imagwiritsa ntchito magetsi kuti ichotse madzi pang'ono pakhungu ndikuwunikira. Kugwiritsa ntchito chipangizochi sikukuvulaza kapena kuwononga anthu.
Chipangizo chinanso chatsopano ndi chipangizo cha laser chomwe chimayeza shuga m'magazi pogwiritsa ntchito mtanda wopepuka wakhungu. Njirayi ndiyopweteka kwambiri ndipo siyimayambitsa kusasangalatsa komanso kusokoneza khungu, ngakhale kuti amagwiritsidwa ntchito kangati.
Kulondola kwa zotsatirazi kumatengera kulondola kwa chipangizocho. Izi ziyenera kuchitidwa pokopa asing'anga odziwa zambiri mwanzeru zonse zofunika.
Monga chida chogwiritsirira ntchito kutsimikiza kwa glucose, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito MiniMed system. Muli catheter ya pulasitiki yaying'ono yomwe imayikidwa pansi pa khungu la munthu.
Dongosolo ili kwa maola 72 nthawi zina limangotenga magazi ndipo limayambitsa kuchuluka kwa shuga. Chipangizocho ndichabwino kwambiri.
Zotsatira zake zimakhudzidwa ndikugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ena, omwe ayenera kukumbukiridwa mukamagwiritsa ntchito zida zowunikira.
Ngati mukukayika ngati kudalirika kwa zotsatira zomwe zapezeka pogwiritsa ntchito zida zapakhomo, muyenera kufunsa dokotala. Adziyesa mokwanira ndikukhazikitsa mayeso angapo a labotale.
Mlingo wamagazi m'magazi kuyambira chala ndiwabwinobwino, ngati uli m'magawo 6.1 mmol / l, shuga pamkodzo sayenera kupitirira 8.3 mmol / l.
Komanso pamsika posakhalitsa anaoneka ma glucometer popanda zingwe zoyesa. Kanemayo munkhaniyi akuwonetsa momwe kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi kumatsimikizidwira.
