Chikhansa ndi chimbudzi chomwe chimapanga michere ya ma pancreatic ndi mahomoni, ndimagwira ntchito za exocrine komanso exocrine. The topographic anatomy ya kapamba imafunika kuphunzira kwapadera, chifukwa ili ndi mbali zingapo.
Ndizachilendo kuti ndi zovuta mu ntchito ya chiwalo, zonse za chimbudzi ndi zovuta za metabolic zimayamba. Matenda amatengera gawo liti la kapamba limasinthidwa ndi matenda.
Kapangidwe ka kapamba
Zikondwererozi zimapezeka kukhoma lakumbuyo kwa peritoneum kumbuyo kwa m'mimba, chifukwa chake dzinali. Ngati munthu wagona kumbuyo kwake, m'mimba amakhala pamwamba pa chiwalocho, pomwe munthuyo ayimirira ndi miyendo, kapamba ndi m'mimba zimakhala pamodzimodzi. Msana umadutsa kutsogolo, nkhwangwa yayitali imasunthika.
Zikondazo zimakutidwa ndi kapisozi komwe kali ndi minofu yolumikizira. Zigawo za chiwalo zimagawidwa ndi magawo omwe ali pa chipolopolo chakunja. Kutikako kumapangika kuchokera ku ma ducts, ma minyewa otulutsa pakhungu omwe amatulutsa chimbudzi cha pancreatic. Madontho ang'onoang'ono amaphatikiza bwino kulowa mu dambo la Wirsung, limatseguka mu duodenum.
Kutalika kwa limba kumasiyana kuchokera pa 15 mpaka 20 sentimita, kufika mainchesi 4 mulifupi, ndikulemera pafupifupi 70-80 magalamu. Zikondamoyo ndi zam'mimbamu yam'mimba, chifukwa zimalumikizana kwambiri ndi chiwindi, chikhodzodzo ndi ziwalo zina.
Anatomically, chiwalochi chimagawidwa m'magawo atatu, ndicho:
- thupi;
- mutu;
- mchira.
Mutu umadutsa m'thupi, ndipo umadutsa mchira, kuthamangitsidwa ndi ndulu. Mitsempha yama cell ndi mitsempha imachoka mchira.
Mchira wa kapamba ndiye gawo lalikulu la maselo omwe amapanga insulin. Njira ya pathological ikakhudza ndendende gawo ili la chiwalo, munthu amakhala ndi vuto la matenda a shuga a mtundu woyamba kapena wachiwiri.
Mutu wa kapamba poyang'ana amafanana ndi kavalo, wozungulira mutu wa duodenum. Pa mulingo wa vertebra yoyamba ya lumbar, organera imadutsa.
Zolemba zapamwamba za kapamba zimasiyanitsidwa ndi ma nuances angapo, gawo lomwe limafunsidwa limayanjana kwambiri ndi chikwama chodzikongoletsera. Ziyenera kudziwitsidwa kuti mawonekedwe ndi kukula kwa omentum yaying'ono nthawi zonse zimatengera magawo a anatomical a munthu winawake.
Thupi la kapamba ili pamlingo wa vertebra yoyamba, yachiwiri kapena yachiwiri mpaka yachitatu, mutu umawoneka pakati pa vertebrae wachinayi ndi thwelofu. Mchira wa chiwalocho umakhala wokwera pang'ono, umachokera pachiwonetsero cha khumi cha thoracic mpaka vertebra yachiwiri ya kumbuyo.
Ndi kukula kwa njira yotupa, yokhala ndi chotupa, kukula kwa kapamba kumachulukanso. Pamene kukwiya kwa parenchyma kumachitika, kutsika kwa gland kumachitika, kumawonekera bwino pakuwunika kwa ultrasound (ultrasound).
Ziphuphu ndizoyandikira kunja kwa chiwalo:
- impso;
- chipata;
- wopanda kanthu.
Kuchokera kutsogolo kwa kapamba, makhoma amagwira pamimba, zotsekera m'mimba zimadutsa, ndikukhota kwa duodenum pansi. Chikwama chodzikongoletsera chimalekanitsa chiwalo ndi m'mimba.
Mchira wa gland umapezeka nthawi yomweyo zimakhala ndi ziwalo zingapo zam'mimba: m'mimba, impso, ndulu.Kutulutsa kwa chiwindi ndi kapamba ndizofanana.
Zojambula zapamwamba za ma pancreatic ducts ziyenera kulingaliridwa mosiyana, duct ya Virsung imadutsamo, limodzi ndi bile ndi santorinium duct, imatseguka pa mucous membrane wa duodenum.
Ma ducts a bile amalumikizidwa ndi dongosolo la duodenum duct, pachifukwa ichi ma pathologies a kapamba nthawi zambiri amaphatikizidwa ndi zotupa zina za m'mimba. Mwachitsanzo, munthu akakhala ndi zilonda zam'mimba komanso cholecystitis, apezeka kuti ali ndi amodzi amtundu wa kapamba (pachimake kapena matenda osachiritsika).
Mutu wa chiwalo umaperekedwa ndi magazi kuchokera ku mitsempha ya pancreatoduodenal, gland yotsalayo imadyetsedwa ndi mtsempha wa splenic.
Ntchito
Zikondazo zimatha kutchedwa kuti chiwalo chodabwitsa, zili m'mimba, zimapanga mahomoni ndi ma enzyme, omwe ndi zinthu za gulu lina, zothandizira kugaya chakudya chomwe chikubwera.
Madzi a pancreatic otulutsidwa ndi thupi ndi madzi omveka. Mu maola 24, pafupifupi malita awiri a chinthu amatulutsidwa, mumakhala madzi 99%, zinthu zosiyanasiyana zam'mimba, lipase, amylase, chymotrypsin, trypsin ndi bicarbonate.
Lipase ndiyofunikira pakuchepa kwa lipids yopanda ndale kukhala mafuta acids ndi glycerin, amatenga nawo gawo pokonzekera mavitamini, nthawi yomweyo amawasintha kukhala mphamvu. Zinthu za amylase zimaphwanya wowuma kukhala ma polysaccharides ndipo zimathandizira kuti thupi lizimitsidwa.
Chymotrypsin ndi trypsin zimapangidwa kuti zigwetse mapuloteni ndi ma peptides, ndipo popanda calcline, kufalikira kwamwazi ndi kuchepa kwa magazi ndizosatheka.
Pakuperewera kwa michere yam'mimba, munthu amakhala ndi zizindikiro zingapo zosasangalatsa zomwe zimakhudza boma. Chizindikiro chimodzi kapena zingapo zamankhwala zimawonedwa:
- kutulutsa limodzi ndi kupweteka;
- kulemera ndi kusasangalala pambuyo chakudya;
- kukomoka mseru, nthawi zambiri mukatha kudya chakudya cham'mawa;
- kugaya chakudya chambiri.
Ndikusowa kwa zinthu, wodwala amatopa msanga, alibe chidwi, amatha kulowa m'mavuto
Amadziwika kuti kapamba amathanso kupanga mahomoni, omwe pakati pa insulini ndi glucagon ofunikira kwambiri. Ma cell a Beta a islets a Langerhans ndi omwe amachititsa kuti insulini isungidwe, ndipo maselo a alpha ndi omwe amapangitsa kuti glucagon apange.
The insulin ya mahomoni imathandizira kuyendetsa kagayidwe kazakudya zomanga thupi, mafuta ndi chakudya m'thupi, zinthu zimagwiritsa ntchito shuga m'magazi, zimachepetsa lipemia.
Munthu aliyense amakakamizidwa kukhala ndi chidwi ndi thanzi lake, izi zimamupangitsa kuti azisangalala ndi moyo mpaka kukalamba, osadziwa kuti chipatala ndi chiyani, komanso ndizosasangalatsa kukhala mlendo wapaderaka.
Kufufuza kwazida
Ngati mumapuma, ma kapamba amawonekera bwino pa ultrasound, choyamba muyenera kupanga chosinthira, kenako ndikujambula patali. Nthawi zambiri, ngati mutu uli pansi pa dzanja lamanja la chiwindi, ndipo mchira ndi thupi pansi pa dzanja lamanzere ndi m'mimba.
Mukamaphunzila za topical, zitha kudziwika kuti zofunikira zimatsogozedwa kuchokera kumanzere kupita kumanzere, kuchokera pansi kupita pamwamba, kenako ndikubweza kumbuyo kumalire a mchira ndi thupi. Mutu wa kapamba uli kumanja kwa msana, khosi lili pamwamba pake, ndipo thupi ndi mchira kumanzere. Pakujambula kosinthika, mutu umakhala ndi mawonekedwe ozungulira kapena ozungulira, thupi ndi mchira zimafotokozedwa ngati zakuda kwa mawonekedwe a cylindrical.
Dongosolo la pancreatic limawoneka pang'onopang'ono, m'mimba mwake ndilosaposa 1 millimeter. Kukhazikitsa kapangidwe ndi kukula kwa chiwalo ndikofunikira pofufuza matenda osiyanasiyana, makamaka zotupa, cysts, ndi pancreatitis yosatha.
Njira yofunikira yodziwitsa matenda anu ndi yowerengera, yomwe imathandiza:
- onani mkhalidwe wa kapamba;
- kuwunika kusintha kwa ntchito kwa morpho;
- kupanga matenda.
Zizindikiro zomwe zimapangitsa kukhazikitsa kukula kwa ziwalozo komanso kuchuluka kwake mkati ndi ziwalo zina zamkati ndizomwe zimafotokozera zam'mitsempha ya m'mimba, ndulu ya mesenteric.
Kapangidwe ka kapamba akadali achichepere sikokwanira, achikulire, chiwalocho chimachepetsedwa kukula kwake, kapangidwe kosalala. Kuwona bwino m'matumbo kumathandizira kuyambiranso kwa minyewa, ndikuchepetsa.
Kupereka kwa magazi kumachitika ndi nthambi zingapo, magazi amatuluka mumtsempha wama portal, lymph imalowa mu kapamba, gastro-splenic lymph node. Kukhazikika kwa limba ndi kovuta, kumatha kuchitika kuchokera kumagwero angapo: the hepatic, m'mimba, mesenteric ndi splenic nerve plexuses, nthambi za vagus nerve. Kuchokera kwa iwo, mitsempha ya mitsempha, mitsempha yamagazi imalowa parenchyma, ndikupanga mawonekedwe owazungulira.
Momwe mungadziwire matenda a kapamba amafotokozedwa mu kanema munkhaniyi.
