Mphepoyi ndi chiwalo chovuta kwambiri cha endocrine chomwe chimapanga timagulu tambiri tating'onoting'ono tating'ono tating'ono tating'ono tating'ono tating'ono tomwe tomwe timapangika mu mphamvu ya thupi.
Mwachilengedwe, kapambayu amakhala ndi gawo la gland ndi gawo la endocrine - munthawi yama langer a Langerhans.
Zilumba za Langerhans ndizopangidwa ndi mitundu ingapo ya maselo.
Monga gawo la mabungwewa, pali:
- maselo a alpha - atulutsa glucagon wa mahomoni;
- maselo a beta - ndi omwe amachititsa kuti insulini isungidwe;
- Maselo a Delta - atulutse somatostatin.
Insulin ndi glucagon ndi mahomoni otsutsana omwe amalola shuga zomwe zili mthupi. Ntchito ya pancreatic endocrine imayendetsedwa ndi glucose, gawo loyambirira lomwe limakhudzidwa ndi gland. Kuwonjezeka kwa glucose m'magazi kumalimbikitsa kutulutsa kwa insulin m'magazi, ngati shuga yatsitsidwa, ndiye kuti kuchuluka kwa insulin kumatsika ndipo nthawi ya glucagon ikubwera.
Mwachilengedwe chake, insulin ndi dongosolo lamapulogalamu omwe amapanga glucose mu cell; timadzi timene timalumikizana ndi ma cell cell receptors, timalola shuga kulowa cell mu liwiro lalikulu. Kutuluka kwa glucose m'malo a plasma a cell ndikutheka popanda insulin, mwachitsanzo, kugwiritsa ntchito mayendedwe okhudzana, koma njirayi imatenga nthawi yayitali, ndipo shuga, ikafika m'magazi, imayamba kuwononga mitsempha ya magazi.
Mahomoni akuluakulu a kapamba
Glucagon ilipo chifukwa chosinthira - tanthauzo lake ndi kuwonjezera magazi. Thupi, makamaka ubongo wamunthu, limazindikira kwambiri kuperewera kwa glucose, popeza ndiye gawo lalikulu lamphamvu, chifukwa chake glucagon, ndi mahoni othandizira oyamba.
Ntchito yake ndikugwetsa glycogen, chinthu chomwe chimakhala ndi malo ogulitsa glucose, omwe amasungidwa m'chiwindi. Kuphatikiza apo, glucagon imathandizira kulimbikitsa gluconeogeneis - njira yopanga glucose mu chiwindi kuchokera ku gawo lina.
Kungoyang'ana momwe magawo awiri awa amagwiritsidwira ntchito, gawo la kapamba mu metabolism ndizovuta.
Zotsatira za somatostatin zimatsimikizira kuti zikondamoyo ndizofunikira osati chimbudzi ndi malamulo a shuga. Hormone iyi imakhudza kugwira ntchito kwa tinthu timene timatulutsa endocrine. Somatostatin imakhudzanso hypothalamus - gawo lapakati la endocrine. Mwa kuchitapo kanthu, somatostatin amawongolera kupanga kwa mahomoni okula, chithokomiro cholimbikitsa chithokomiro.
Ma cell a delta cell amachepetsa katulutsidwe wa glucagon, insulin, seratotnin ndi cholecystokinin.
Mahomoni ena ndi kukokoloka kwa pancreatic endocrine
Ntchito ya endocrine ya kapamba komanso ntchito ya exocrine imakhudza kagayidwe kazakudya munjira yamagetsi m'njira zambiri
Gawo la maselo a pancreatic amatulutsa mahomoni enieni omwe amakhudzidwa ndi lamulo la chimbudzi.
Pancreatic gland mobisa:
- Ghrelin ndi timadzi tambiri tomwe timakhala ndi njala, komwe kumatulutsa chilimbikitso.
- Pancreatic polypeptide - chinthu chomwe physiology yake ya kukopa imalepheretsa katulutsidwe wa kapamba ndikulimbikitsanso kupanga madzi a m'mimba.
- Bombesin - wothandizira pakudzala chakudya, komanso amathandizira kubisalira kwa pepsin ndi m'mimba.
- Lipocaine ndi mahomoni omwe tanthauzo lake limakhala kukhudzana kwamafuta omwe adalipo.
Chifukwa chake, zikondamoyo zikagwirira ntchito wamba komanso zimagwira ntchito zake zonse, chiopsezo chokhala ndi kunenepa kwambiri komanso matenda a shuga amachepetsa. Ngati nthawi zonse zimawonekera pakukhudzidwa kwa zakumwa zakumwa zoledzeretsa, kukhudzidwa kwa zakudya zamafuta, kuphwanya malamulo kumatha kuchitika komwe kumakhudzana ndi kukanika kwa endocrine komanso endocrine.
Pancreatitis ndi kutukusira kwa minofu ya kapamba yomwe imakhudza ziwalo zake zonse, chifukwa chake mavuto amayamba kuchitika pambiri.
Pang'onopang'ono, matenda a endocrine gawo la pancreatic gland akhoza kugawidwa mu:
- kobadwa nako;
- natenga.
Matenda ofala kwambiri obadwa nawo amatengedwa kuti ndi matenda a shuga ogwirizana ndi insulin. Vutoli ndikusowa kwa maselo a beta m'masukulu a Langerhans, kapena kuphwanya ntchito yawo yachinsinsi. Ana oterowo amakakamizidwa moyo wawo wonse katatu pa tsiku kuti adzipetse insulin mosadukiza, komanso muyeso wa shuga ndi glucometer.
Achilengedwe opezeka amatuluka monga njira yowonongeka kwa kapamba - zowawa zake, kukhudzana ndi zinthu zoopsa. Kuphwanya kotereku kumatha kuchitika ngati njira yokhazikika ya matenda osokoneza bongo omwe amadalira insulin ndikuphwanya pang'ono kubisalira kwa insulin. Wodwala wotere ndikokwanira kutsatira zakudya. Kuwonongeka kwa kapamba kumatha kupangidwanso ndi chitukuko cha pancreatic necrosis, vuto lomwe limapangitsa kuti pakhale opaleshoni yofunika.
Endocrinology yonse ikuyang'ana njira zothanirana ndi zovuta za pancreatic, komanso njira zodzitetezera kuti ziwonongeke.
Chithandizo cha pancreatic matenda
Insulin-wodwala matenda a shuga. Njira yokhayo yochizira matendawa ndi kudzera mu insulin. Zinkakhala zochokera ku nyama, tsopano amatulutsa insulin yoyeserera kapena kupanga.
Vutoli limabwera m'mitundu iwiri - yochepa komanso yayitali. Kuchita zinthu mwachangu insulin imagwiritsidwa ntchito kanayi pa tsiku kwa mphindi 15 musanadye, ndi chinthu champhamvu chomwe chimathandiza kuthana ndi kuchuluka kwa shuga.
Mitundu yayitali ya insulin imalowetsedwa kawiri patsiku - m'mawa ndi madzulo, mawonekedwe awa amalepheretsa kusinthasintha kwa shuga wamagazi kumbuyo kwa kupsinjika, kulimbitsa thupi komanso momwe akumvera.
Pali mapampu a insulini omwe amawunjiriridwa pakhungu, zida izi zimapangidwira dongosolo linalake la insulin secretion. Chowonadi chogwiritsira ntchito kwawo ndikusowa kwa kufunika kwa jakisoni wokhazikika, pakati pa minus ndi kukwera mtengo komanso kusasamala kwa odwala omwe asiya kuwongolera kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi, kudalira moyo wawo pampu.
Matenda a shuga osagwirizana ndi insulin. Cholinga choyambirira pakuchizira matendawa ndikukonzanso njira ya moyo - izi ndi zakudya, komanso kuchepa thupi, komanso masewera olimbitsa thupi.
Ndi miseru yambiri ya glucose, mankhwala otsitsa glucose, monga glibenclamide, amagwiritsidwa ntchito mkati. Zotsatira zachilengedwe za mankhwala a gululi ndikuwonetsa kubisalira kwa insulin ndi maselo a beta a zisumbu za Langerhans, popeza mu mtundu uwu wa shuga ntchito ya pancreatic gland imasungidwa, ngakhale imachepetsedwa.
M'malo mwa shuga mumagwiritsidwa ntchito - fructose, sorbitol. Izi zimathandiza odwala kuti asadzikane okha maswiti ndikuwongolera kuchuluka kwa glucose komanso thanzi lawo.
Mikhalidwe yowopseza moyo
Ntchito ya endocrine ya kapamba, monga tafotokozera kale, ndizofunikira kwambiri pakugwira bwino ntchito kwa ubongo.
Mphamvu ya thupi zimadalira momwe thupi limagwirira ntchito.
Kuphatikiza pa kuthana ndi kugwira ntchito kwa ubongo, kapamba imakhudzanso kuchuluka kwamomwe amachititsa mu maselo a minyewa.
Chifukwa chake, ngati ntchito yake yophwanyidwa, zochitika zowopsa m'moyo zingachitike, zomwe zimaphatikizapo:
- Hypoglycemic chikomachi ndicho chovuta kwambiri kuchita muubongo; chimachitika ndimankhwala osokoneza bongo a insulin, kapena ngati wodwalayo sanadye pambuyo pobayira jakisoni. Kuwonetsedwa mwachangu ndi kufooka, kuchulukitsa thukuta lakuzindikira. Choyamba thandizo kupatsa munthu kena kena lokoma kapena kumwa tiyi wokoma. Ngati vutoli likukulira kwambiri mpaka munthu atha kuzindikira, njira ya shuga imayendetsedwa kudzera mu jakisoni kapena dontho;
- Ketoacidotic chikomokere - chifukwa chosakwanira insulin, ubongo umakhudzidwa ndi kusweka kwa zinthu za glucose. Mutha kukayikira ngati munthu akudwala, asanza, pali fungo labwino la acetone kuchokera mkamwa. Mutha kuthandiza munthu poyendetsa insulin;
- Hyperosmolar coma ndi shuga wambiri m'magazi. Pazifukwa zowonjezera kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi, kuthamanga kwa madzi osmotic kumawonjezereka, zomwe zimatsogolera kuti madzi amayenda mkati mwa maselo. Madzi owonjezera a intracellular ndi edema. Cerebral edema, kumene, imatha kuthandizidwa ndikupereka mankhwala othandizira, nthawi zina ngakhale popanda zotsalira kwa wodwalayo. Koma nthawi zambiri, ngakhale munthu atakhala ndi vuto lotere angapulumutsidwe, amakhala ndi vuto lalikulu la mitsempha.
Chifukwa chake, ndikofunikira kuti tikayikire zovuta zam'kati mu nthawi ya odwala omwe ali ndi vuto la pancreatic endocrine. Kudya maswiti munthawi kungapulumutse moyo wa munthu.
Zambiri pancreatic ntchito zimaperekedwa mu kanema munkhaniyi.
