Ziwerengero zokhumudwitsa zimawonetsa kuti 90% yamatenda am'mimba amayamba chifukwa cha kulephera kwa metabolidi ya lipid. Cholesterol, mapindu ake omwe amadalira kukhazikika kwake, ndi mowa wa lipophilic, womwe ndi gawo la pafupifupi zamoyo zonse.
Zothandiza pazinthu zimagwirizanitsidwa ndikuwongolera ntchito ya chapakati mantha am'mimba komanso kuphatikizira kwa membrane wam'maselo, kupanga mahomoni ndi mavitamini, antioxidant zotsatira, kutulutsa thupi, komanso kupewa khansa.
Kuvulala kwa cholesterol kumawonekera kwambiri pakupanga mapangidwe a atherosulinotic pamakoma amitsempha, kuchepa kwa kupindika komanso kuchepa kwa lumen ya mitsempha. Zambiri mwatsatanetsatane zimapezeka muzambiri.
Zambiri pazambiri
Cholesterol ndi gulu lazinthu zonse zachilengedwe zomwe zimapezeka mu kupezeka kwa maselo a zinthu zonse zapadziko lapansi, kupatula bowa, zomera ndi prokaryotes. Mthupi la munthu, ziwalo monga chiwindi, impso, matumbo, ma grenadi grenads ndi gonads ndizomwe zimayambitsa ntchito yopanga chinthuchi. 20% yokha ya cholesterol yomwe imachokera kunja ndi chakudya.
Mafotokozedwe oyambilira a chinthucho adachokera ku 1769. Wasayansi wina, dzina lake P. de la Sal, anachotsa miyala yamtengo wapatali yoyera, wokhala ndi mafuta. Ndipo mu 1789 A. Fourcroix adailandira mwabwino kwambiri. Dzinalo "cholesterol" lidawonekera chifukwa cha ntchito ya M. Chevrel. Patadutsa zaka 90, wasayansi wina wa ku France, a M. Berthelot, adatsimikizira kuti mankhwalawo ndi amgulu la ma alcohols, nadzalitcha "cholesterol". Tsopano mutha kupeza maina onse.
Zinthu sizingasungunuke m'madzi, koma zimatha kusungunuka mosavuta m'mafuta kapena organic solvent.
Mitundu iwiri ya thundu iyenera kupatulidwa - kukwera kwambiri kwa lipoproteins (HDL) ndi lipoproteins yotsika kwambiri (LDL). Ndili othokoza chifukwa chakupezeka kwa mitundu iyi kuti cholesterol imagawidwa kukhala "zabwino" komanso "zoyipa."
HDL imasamutsa lipids kuma cell, ma cell amitsempha, minofu ya mtima, mitsempha, kuphatikizapo bongo ndi chiwindi, komwe kaphatikizidwe ka bile kamachitika. Kenako cholesterol "yabwino" imasweka ndikuthiridwa.
LDL imasamutsa lipids kuchokera ku chiwindi kupita ku maselo onse mthupi. Zochulukirapo zimathandizira subsidence pamitsempha ya mtima, zomwe pamapeto pake zimayambitsa mapangidwe a atherosrance. Njira ya pathological pakupita nthawi imaphatikizira kuchepa kwa mphamvu ya mitsempha ndi kutsika kwa magazi.
Palinso lipids zosalowerera ndale, kapena triglycerides, zomwe zimachokera ku glycerol ndi mafuta acids. Akaphatikizidwa ndi cholesterol, triglycerides amapanga magazi.
Amatengedwa ngati gwero lamphamvu kwa thupi lonse la munthu.
Zothandiza katundu ndi chizolowezi m'magazi
Mtengo wa cholesterol m'thupi la munthu suyenera kuchulukitsidwa.
Pulogalamu yachilengedwe iyi, yomwe ndi gawo la maselo, imayang'anira njira zambiri.
Mapindu a cholesterol amawonetsedwa ndi kukwaniritsidwa kwake ndi iye pantchito zofunika kwambiri mthupi.
Izi ndi:
- Kupititsa patsogolo dongosolo lamanjenje. Thupi ndi mtolo wa ulusi wamitsempha womwe umawateteza ku kuvulala kosiyanasiyana. Imasinthasintha kayendedwe ka mitsempha. Ndi kusowa kwake, zovuta zingapo pakugwira ntchito kwamkati yamanjenje zimachitika.
- Kutenga nawo gawo pakupanga mavitamini ndi mahomoni. Chifukwa cha cholesterol, mavitamini osungunuka a mafuta, kugonana ndi mahomoni a steroid amapangidwa. Choyamba, ndi vitamini D, cortisol, aldosterone, testosterone ndi estrogen. Chofunika kwambiri ndikupanga vitamini K, yemwe amachititsa magazi kuti azisokonekera.
- Kutulutsa thupi ndi antioxidant. Lipoproteins amateteza maselo ofiira m'magazi oyipa a zinthu zoopsa. Ntchito ya antioxidant ya cholesterol imalumikizidwa ndi chitetezo chokwanira.
- Zomwe zimakhudzidwa ndi kayendetsedwe kazinthu zamaselo. Ntchitoyi ndikuyendetsa zinthu zamankhwala pogwiritsa ntchito nembanemba.
- Kupewa zotupa za khansa. Kukhalapo kwa lipoproteins kumalepheretsa kusintha kwa zotupa zam'mimba kukhala zopweteka.
Chikhalidwe cha cholesterol m'magazi chimachokera ku 3,8 mpaka 5.2 mmol / L. Kuti mudziwe mulingo wake, kuyesedwa kwa magazi kumachitika.
Izi zisanachitike, simungadye ndi kumwa osachepera maola 10-12, motero phunziroli limachitika m'mawa.
Lipid kagayidwe koyipa
Ndi kuwonjezeka kwa cholesterol yathunthu m'magazi ndi LDL ("yoyipa"), komanso kuchepa kwa HDL ("yabwino"), metabolidi ya lipid imasokonezeka. Njira yotereyi ndi chimodzi mwazinthu zazikulu pakukula kwa atherosulinosis.
Komabe, izi zimakhalabe zotsutsana, chifukwa mwa anthu ena mafuta ambiri a cholesterol sayambitsa kukula kwa atherosulinosis.
Atherosulinosis ndi matenda omwe amatseka m'mitsempha yama cell ndi 50% ya cholesterol yomwe imamera ndikukula. Izi zimabweretsa kuchepera kwa lumens ndi kutayika kwa elasticity ya mitsempha. Kuwonongeka kwa msempha ndi ziwiya zamafuta ndizowopsa kwambiri. Atherosulinosis imawonjezera mwayi wokhala ndi thrombosis, stroke, kugunda kwa mtima, matenda a mtima, ndi zina zambiri.
Kutsitsa cholesterol kumakhalanso vuto linalake. Kuperewera kwake kumakhala chifukwa chamatumbo amkati.
Zochokera ku cholesterol - oxysterols - zimabweretsa kuvulaza kwambiri thupi. Ndi mankhwala okhala ndi bioactive omwe amapezeka muzakudya zina, mwachitsanzo, mafuta amkaka, mafuta oundana ndi nyama, mazira a mazira, ndi zina zambiri.
Magawo a Cholesterol
Chochititsa chofala kwambiri cha cholesterol yowonjezereka m'magazi ndi kuperewera kwa zakudya m'thupi.
Kudya chakudya chokhazikika, chomwe chimaphatikizapo LDL, mutha kuwonjezera mwayi wokhala ndi matenda awa.
Pali mndandanda waukulu wazogulitsa zomwe zimatsitsa ndikuwonjezera cholesterol, zomwe tidzakambirana pambuyo pake.
Mwa zina zomwe zimakhudzanso kuchuluka kwa lipoprotein, izi ndizodziwika:
- Moyo wopanda ntchito. Pamodzi ndi kuperewera kwa zakudya m'thupi, ndi vuto lodziwika bwino la anthu amakono. Kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi mosakwanira kumayambitsa kusokonezeka kwa njira zonse za metabolic mthupi, kuphatikizapo lipid. Zatsimikiziridwa mwasayansi kuti anthu omwe amachita masewera ena kapena kuvina amakhala ndi cholesterol chabwino “koposa” choyipa.
- Kunenepa kwambiri. Amakhulupilira kuti pamaso pa makilogalamu owonjezera 15 kapena kuposerapo, pali mwayi wabwino wowonjezeka m'magazi a LDL m'magazi.
Kuphatikiza apo, kupezeka kwa zizolowezi zoipa (mowa ndi kusuta) kumakhudzanso cholesterol.
Kugwiritsidwa ntchito molakwika kwa fodya ndi mowa kumayambitsa kusokonezeka kwa metabolic, chifukwa chake, kukulitsa cholesterol "yoyipa" pankhaniyi ndizofala kwambiri.
Cholesterol yotsitsa komanso kukweza zakudya
Zakudya zomwe zimalepheretsa kuchulukitsa kwa mafuta, kuphatikiza cholesterol, zimaphatikizapo zinthu zomwe zimakhala ndi antioxidant katundu. Choyamba, izi ndi zipatso, masamba ndi amadyera.
Kusintha mtundu wa cholesterol m'thupi lanu, muyenera kutsatira malangizo osavuta:
- Ndikofunika kugwiritsa ntchito mkate kuchokera ku ufa wa wholemeal, zinthu zophikidwa ndi chinangwa, oatmeal ndi oatmeal;
- ndibwino kudya maapulo obiriwira osakhala ndi masamba, ma cranberries, malalanje, ma tangerine, mandimu ndi zipatso zina za citrus;
- ndibwino kuwonjezera nthito m'zakudya - nandolo, soya, mphodza, nyemba, zimakhala ndi pectins 15-20%, yomwe imathandizira cholesterol yayikulu;
- Ndikofunika kuti muzisamba masaladi mwatsopano masamba ndi mafuta a masamba - maolivi, masamba kapena olocha;
- ndikofunikira kupatsa chidwi ndi nsomba zamitundu yamafuta, monga imakhala ndi mafuta a polyunsaturated acids Omega-3, ndibwino kuti muziwotchera kapena kuwiritsa, trout, sardine, mackerel, herring ndizoyenera kwambiri;
- mazira a nkhuku ayenera kudyedwa mokwanira, koma osagwiritsidwa ntchito pomwe amatayidwa, amaphatikiza mavitamini A ndi E, komanso mapuloteni, kudya mkati mwa sabata ndizinthu zitatu;
- zokonda zimaperekedwa ku mitundu yazakudya za nyama, mwachitsanzo, nkhuku, ng'ombe, nkhuku, koma bwanji mafuta anyama, chifukwa anthu ambiri achi Slavic amadya, izi zimatha kudyedwa, koma zochuluka - 2-3 zidutswa m'masiku 7;
- nsomba zam'madzi zitha kuphatikizidwa muzakudya, chifukwa cha izi, anthu ambiri achi Japan amakhala nthawi yayitali, mwachitsanzo, squid, shrimp, etc;
- zopangidwa mkaka zokhala ndi mafuta ambiri zimachulukitsa cholesterol, chifukwa chake ndibwino kuzikana ndikusankha malonda okhala ndi mafuta 0-1,5%;
- kwakukulu, zakumwa zoledzeretsa (vodika kapena mowa) ndizowopsa kwa thupi, komabe, chikho cha vinyo wofiira pakudya chamadzulo, m'malo mwake, chimalepheretsa kukula kwa matenda a mtima ndi mavuto opsinjika;
- Ndikofunika kumwa kapu ya tiyi wobiriwira tsiku lililonse, chifukwa Ndi antioxidant wabwino kwambiri.
Pansipa pali zinthu zazikulu zomwe ndi bwino kukana, kuti musachulukitse cholesterol yamagazi:
- Nyama yamafuta (nkhumba, nyama yamwana wamphongo, tsekwe kapena nyama ya bakha).
- Zakudya zokazinga zomwe zimakhala ndi mafuta ambiri.
- Zogulitsa zomalizidwa ndi zakudya zachangu.
- Confectionery
Kuphatikiza apo, zimawonjezera cholesterol zomwe zili mthupi la batala, kufalikira ndi margarine.
Kodi kutenga ma statins ndi koipa kapena kopindulitsa?
Mankhwalawa atherosulinosis, madokotala ena amapereka mankhwala - omwe amachepetsa cholesterol. Zochita zawo ndikuchepetsa kaphatikizidwe ndi kusinthira kwa lipoproteins m'thupi la munthu.
Ma statins odziwika kwambiri ndi mankhwala monga Probucol, Atorvastatin ndi Fluvastatin. Akapatsidwa mankhwala, dokotala amatulutsa muyezo wa wodwala aliyense.
Malinga ndi ndemanga zambiri ndi maphunziro azachipatala, kugwiritsa ntchito mapiritsi oterowo mosalekeza kumathandizira kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa cholesterol "yoyipa" ndi 50-60%.
Kuphatikiza pa atherossteosis, zikuonetsa pakugwiritsa ntchito ma statins ndi awa:
- opaleshoni ya mtima ndi yam'kati;
- matenda a mtima;
- kugunda kwam'mbuyomu kwa mtima ndi matenda ashuga, sitiroko kapena micostroke.
Poletsa kupanga "cholesterol" choyipa ", mankhwalawa amathandizira kukhazikika kwa makoma amitsempha, kutsika kwamitsempha yamagazi ndikupewa kukula kwa malo a atherosulinotic.
Ngakhale phindu lamankhwala, amatulutsa zovuta, zomwe zikuwonetsedwa motere:
- kuchepa kwamisempha pakukalamba;
- kuwonongeka kwa kubwezeretsanso ntchito;
- chiwopsezo chowonjezereka cha matenda a shuga a mtundu wachiwiri ndi matenda amkati;
- kuphwanya chiwindi ndi impso;
Kuphatikiza apo, ndizotheka kuwonjezera mwayi wokulira mayiko ovuta.
Momwe mungasungire cholesterol yabwinobwino?
Ngati zotsatira za kusanthula kwa labotale zikuwonetsa chizindikiro cha mpaka 6.5 mmol / l, ndiye kuti kuchepetsa cholesterol sikulimbikitsidwa osati ndi mankhwala, koma ndi zakudya zapadera, masewera olimbitsa thupi, kusintha zolemetsa komanso kukana zizolowezi zoyipa.
Kuti matendawa azisintha mthupi, ndikofunikira:
- Tsatirani zakudya zoyenera, zomwe zimachepetsa kudya mafuta, kuzifutsa, kusuta zakudya ndi zakudya zingapo. Pamwambapa padalembedwa zinthu zomwe ziyenera kuphatikizidwa muzakudya, zomwe ndibwino kuzikana zonse.
- Menya nkhondo yolimbitsa thupi. Pamaulendo - moyo, kotero muyenera kupanga lamulo kuti muziyenda mu mpweya wabwino kwa mphindi zosachepera 40 patsiku. Ndikwabwinonso kuchita kuthamanga, masewera, kusambira, Pilates, yoga, kuvina.
- Imwani madzi ambiri. Thupi limayenera kulandira madzi osachepera 1.5 malita a madzi tsiku lililonse kuti ziwalo zamkati zimagwira ntchito moyenera.
- Yang'anirani muyeso wa thupi lanu. Kuti muchepetse kunenepa, muyenera kutsatira zakudya zisanu ndi kusewera masewera. Mukunenepa kwambiri, njira yochepetsera thupi imapangidwa ndi dokotala.
- Lekani kusuta fodya komanso mowa. Zinthu zonsezi zimakulitsa mwayi wamitsempha yamagazi.
Chifukwa chake, cholesterol imabweretsa zabwino komanso zovulaza, chifukwa zonse zimatengera kukhazikika kwake m'magazi. Kuwona malamulo oyendetsera popewa, mutha kusunga zomwe zili munthawi yake ndikuletsa matenda oyamba.
Zambiri zosangalatsa za cholesterol zimaperekedwa mu kanema munkhaniyi.
