Cholesterol ndi mankhwala ophatikizika kwambiri. Mwachilengedwe, mankhwala okhala ngati organic amawoneka kuti ndi mowa. Mu thupi laumunthu, 70% ya cholesterol imapangidwa (amapanga chiwindi), ndipo 30% amabwera ndi zakudya zosiyanasiyana - nyama yamafuta, nyama ya ng'ombe ndi nkhumba, mafuta anyama, ndi zina zambiri.
Cholesterol chonse chitha kugawidwa pazolumikizana zabwino ndi zoyipa. Poyambirira, thunthu limatenga gawo popanga zinthu za protein, zimathandizira kuteteza ma membrane a maselo ku zinthu zoyipa.
Holesterol yamavuto imakonda kudzikundikira m'thupi ndikukhazikika kukhoma lamkati lamitsempha yamagazi, chifukwa cha zomwe zimapanga mawonekedwe, zimachepetsa lumens ndikupangitsa kutsekeka kwa magazi.
Popewa kukula kwa matenda amtima, muyenera kusamala pakati pa anthu ochepa komanso otsika kwambiri. Pamalo okwera a LDL, kukonza zakudya pamafunika, zomwe zimatanthawuza kupatula zakudya zomwe zimachulukitsa cholesterol yamagazi.
Zinthu zomwe zimawonjezera mafuta m'thupi
Mtengo woyenera wa cholesterol mwa odwala omwe ali ndi atherosulinosis ndi matenda ashuga ndi ochepera kuposa mayunitsi a 5.0. Chiwerengerochi chikuyenera kufunidwa ndi odwala onse omwe akufuna kuletsa mapangidwe a cholesterol plaques.
Ngati munthu wodwala matenda ashuga apezeka ndi atherosulinosis, pomwe kuwayika kwazinthu zovulaza m'magazi kupitilira mayunitsi a 5.0, ndiye kuti zakudya zopatsa thanzi ndi mankhwala zimalimbikitsidwa nthawi yomweyo. Panthawi imeneyi, kulimbana ndi chakudya chimodzi sikugwira ntchito.
Zakudya za munthu aliyense tsiku ndi tsiku zimakhala ndi zakudya zopatsa mphamvu mafuta m'thupi. Nkhumba zamafuta, nkhuku zakuda, ndi zinthu zamkaka zokhala ndi mafuta ambiri zimakhudzidwa makamaka ndi LDL. Chakudyachi chimakhala ndi mafuta azinyama.
Mafuta a chikhalidwe chomera samadziwika ndi katundu wowonjezera cholesterol m'thupi, popeza ali ndi mawonekedwe osiyana ndi mankhwala. Amakhala ndi mitundu yambiri ya mafuta a nyama, makamaka masisitere ndi ma lipid acid; mankhwalawa amathandizira kuti mafuta abwerekwere, zimakhudza magwiridwe antchito a thupi lonse.
Sitosterol imatha kumanga mamolekyulu am'mimba m'matumbo am'mimba, zomwe zimapangitsa kupanga ma insoluble complexes omwe samalowa bwino m'magazi. Chifukwa cha izi, lipids yachilengedwe yachilengedwe imatha kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa lipoproteins yotsika kwambiri, kuchulukitsa kwambiri HDL.
Dziwani kuti chiwopsezo chakusintha kwa atherosulinotic sichingachitike chifukwa cha kupezeka kwa cholesterol muzinthu zambiri, komanso mfundo zina. Mwachitsanzo, ndi mtundu wanji wa lipid acid womwe umakhazikika mu chakudya china - zovulaza kapena zosapanga thupi. Mwachitsanzo, mafuta a ng'ombe, kuwonjezera pa kuchuluka kwa mafuta ambiri, amakhala ndi ma lipids ambiri olimba.
Zachidziwikire, mankhwalawa ndi "ovuta", chifukwa momwe amagwiritsidwira ntchito mwadongosolo amatsogolera pakukula kwa atherosulinosis ndi zovuta zina. Malinga ndi ziwerengero zamakono, mayiko omwe ng'ombe zimasamba kwambiri, atherosulinosis yamitsempha yamagazi imakhala patsogolo pakati pa matenda ofala kwambiri.
Zinthu zonse zomwe zimakhala ndi cholesterol zitha kugawidwa m'magulu atatu:
- Gulu la "Red". Mulinso chakudya, chomwe chimachulukitsa kwambiri gawo la chinthu choyipa m'magazi. Zogulitsa kuchokera pamndandandawu siziphatikizidwa pamenyu kwathunthu kapena zochepa;
- Gawo la "chikasu" ndi chakudya, chomwe chimawonjezera kuchuluka kwa LDL, koma pang'ono, popeza zimaphatikizapo zinthu zomwe zimapangitsa kagayidwe ka lipid kutulutsa thupi;
- Gulu la "zobiriwira" ndi zakudya zomwe zimakhala ndi cholesterol yambiri. Koma, ali ndi phindu pa metabolism yamafuta, chifukwa chake, amaloledwa kugwiritsidwa ntchito tsiku ndi tsiku.
Zambiri za cholesterol mu chakudya zimatha kuwonjezera LDL mthupi, zimayambitsa chitukuko cha atherosulinosis. Matenda obwera kudzichulukitsa - chiwopsezo cha matenda a shuga, matenda oopsa, magazi osokonekera, ndi zina zambiri.
Nsomba zam'nyanja - nsomba, hering'i, mackerel, zimakhala ndi cholesterol yambiri, koma ochulukana ndi mafuta a polyunsaturated fat acid. Chifukwa cha izi, lipid kagayidwe m'thupi limasintha.
Mndandanda Wogulitsa Wofiyira
Zinthu zomwe zili pamndandanda wa "ofiira" zimatha kuwonjezera zomwe zili ndi zinthu zovulaza m'thupi, zimathandizira zizindikilo za kusintha kwaposachedwa kwa mitsempha m'magazi. Chifukwa chake, amalangizidwa kupatula odwala onse omwe ali ndi mbiri ya matenda amtima, matenda a mtima.
Dzira la nkhuku lili ndi cholesterol yambiri. 100 g ya malonda ili ndi zopitilira 1200 mg ya zoipa zoyipa. Limodzi yolk - 200 mg. Koma dzira ndi chinthu chodabwitsa, chifukwa lilinso ndi lecithin, gawo lomwe cholinga chake ndi kuchepetsa LDL.
Shrimp siivomerezeka. Ochokera kunja akuwonetsa kuti mpaka 200 mg ya LDL ili ndi 100 g ya mankhwala. Nawonso, zoweta zimapereka zidziwitso zina - pafupifupi 65 mg.
Cholesterol okwera kwambiri umapezeka muzakudya izi:
- Ng'ombe za ng'ombe / nkhumba (1000-2000 mg pa 100 g).
- Impso za nkhumba (pafupifupi 500 mg).
- Ng'ombe ya chiwindi (400 mg).
- Soseji yophika (170 mg).
- Nyama yankhuku yakuda (100 mg).
- Thukuta lalikulu la mafuta (pafupifupi 2500 mg).
- Zamkaka 6% mafuta (23 mg).
- Egg Powder (2000 mg).
Mutha kuwonjezera mndandanda wazakudya zoletsedwa ndi kirimu lolemera, mafuta a batala, margarine, chakudya champhongo, caviar, pate wa chiwindi. Zambiri, njira yophikira ndiyofunikanso. Zakudya zokazinga ndizopamwamba kwambiri, motero zimapangitsa kuchuluka kwa LDL. Ndipo odwala matenda ashuga ali otsutsana kwathunthu.
Zogulitsa kuchokera pagulu la "ofiira" sizingaphatikizidwe pazosankha za anthu omwe ali ndi kuthekera kwakukulu kwa atherosermosis. Zoyambitsa zomwe zimapangitsa kuti matenda azamatsenga azikhala ndi izi:
- Kubadwa kwamtundu;
- Kunenepa kwambiri kapena kunenepa kwambiri;
- Hypodynamia;
- Matenda a metabolism;
- Kuchepetsa shuga m'mimba (shuga);
- Matenda oopsa
- Kusuta, kuledzera;
- Ukalamba, etc.
Pamaso pa chinthu chimodzi kapena ziwiri zomwe zimakhumudwitsa, ndikofunikira kusiya kudya zakudya kuchokera pamndandanda "wofiyira". Ngakhale kuwonjezeka pang'ono kwa LDL mwa anthu oterewa kumatha kupangitsa kuti atherosulinosis.
LDL-kuwonjezera zakudya
Mndandanda wachikasu umaphatikizapo zakudya zomwe zimaphatikizapo otsika kachulukidwe lipoproteins. Koma chachilendo chawo ndikuti amawonjezera mulingo wocheperako wa LDL. Chowonadi ndi chakuti kuwonjezera pa gawo longa mafuta, amakhalanso ndi mafuta osakanizidwa amafuta kapena mankhwala ena omwe ndi othandiza thupi.
Mwachitsanzo, nyama yotsamira, masewera, nkhuku kapena mafilimu am'madzi amachititsa kuti mapuloteni othandiza kugaya chakudya mwachangu omwe amachititsa kuti mafuta a cholesterol achulukane kwambiri, zomwe zimapangitsa kutsika kwa LDL.
Zogulitsa kuchokera pamndandanda wachikasu zimakhala ndi mapuloteni ambiri. Malinga ndi kafukufuku wa American Association for the Fight Against Atherosulinotic Change, mapuloteni ochepa ndi owopsa kwambiri m'thupi la munthu kuposa kukulitsa cholesterol yoyipa. Kusowa kwa mapuloteni kumathandizira kuchepetsa mapuloteni m'magazi, chifukwa mapuloteni ndiwo chinthu chachikulu chomangirira minofu yofewa ndi maselo, chifukwa, izi zimayambitsa kusokonezeka kwa njira zambiri mthupi la munthu.
Pakatikati pa kusowa kwa mapuloteni, mavuto a chiwindi amawonedwa. Imayamba kupanga lipoprotein otsika kwambiri. Amadzaza ndi lipids, koma osauka m'mapuloteni, chifukwa chake amawoneka kuti ndi gawo loopsa kwambiri la cholesterol. Chifukwa chake, chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa mapuloteni, kupanga kwa HDL kumachepa, komwe kumayambitsa kusokonezeka kwa lipid metabolism ndipo ndi imodzi mwazinthu zomwe zikuwopseza atherosulinosis. Zikatero, mwayi wokhala ndi matenda a cirrhosis, biliary pancreatitis, mafuta a hepatosis amawonjezeka.
Pa chithandizo cha LDL yayikulu, tikulimbikitsidwa kudya zakudya kuchokera pamndandanda "wachikasu". Mndandanda wake ukuphatikizapo:
- Nyama yanthenga.
- Kalulu nyama.
- Konin.
- Chifuwa cha nkhuku.
- Turkey.
- Kirimu 10-20% mafuta.
- Mkaka wa mbuzi.
- Curd 20% mafuta.
- Mazira a nkhuku / zinziri.
Inde, zimaphatikizidwa muzakudya zochepa. Makamaka motsutsana ndi maziko a shuga; ngati wodwalayo watupa. Kugwiritsa ntchito moyenera zinthu kuchokera ku "chikasu" kudzapindulitsa thupi ndikupanga kuperewera kwa mapuloteni.
Mndandanda Wogulitsa Zobiriwira
Mndandanda wobiriwira umaphatikizapo mackerel, mwanawankhosa, sturateon, carp, eel, sardines mu mafuta, herring, trout, pike, nsomba zazinkhanira. Komanso tchizi zopangidwa tokha, tchizi chamafuta ochepa, mafuta ochepa a kefir.
Pali cholesterol yambiri mumagulu az nsomba. Ndizosatheka kuwerengera kuchuluka kwake, chifukwa zonse zimatengera mtundu wa malonda. "Fish cholesterol" imapindulitsa thupi chifukwa imapangidwa ndi mankhwala.
Nsomba sizikukweza kuchuluka kwa LDL, ndikulimbitsa makhoma amitsempha yamagazi, yomwe ndiyofunikira kwambiri kwa odwala matenda ashuga. Amachepetsa kukula kwa mapangidwe a atherosulinotic, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pang'onopang'ono kusungunuka.
Kuphatikizidwa kwa nsomba yophika / yophika menyu kumachepetsa chiopsezo cha mtima ndi mtsempha wamagazi, matenda amitsempha ndi 10%, komanso matenda a stroke / mtima - zowopsa za atherosclerosis.
Zakudya zina zomwe zimakhudza cholesterol yamagazi
Chikwangwani cha Atherossteotic ndi chovala chamafuta chomwe chimakhala molimba kukhoma lamkati la chotengera. Imachepetsa lumen yake, yomwe imayambitsa kuphwanya magazi - izi zimakhudza thanzi ndi momwe ziliri. Ngati chotengera chatsekedwa kwathunthu, wodwalayo amatha kufa.
Chiwopsezo chowonjezeka cha zovuta zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi zakudya za anthu komanso matenda. Ziwerengero: pafupifupi onse odwala matenda ashuga ali ndi cholesterol yayikulu m'magazi, yomwe imalumikizidwa ndi zomwe zimayambitsa matenda.
Nthawi zonse mafuta a cholesterol munthu wathanzi, omwe amapeza chakudya, amasintha 300 mpaka 400 mg patsiku. Kwa odwala matenda ashuga, ngakhale LDL yabwinobwino, muyezo umakhala wochepera - mpaka 200 mg.
Gawani zinthu zomwe zilibe mafuta m'thupi, koma zimapangitsa kuchuluka kwa lipoproteins otsika:
- Msuzi wokoma ndi mankhwala omwe amakhala ndi zakudya zambiri zamafuta ndi shuga, zomwe zimakhudza njira zoyipa za metabolic komanso carbohydrate metabolism. Pazosankha za odwala matenda ashuga ndizoletsedwa;
- Zogulitsa Confectionery - keke, keke, maswiti, masikono, ma pie, etc. Maswiti otere nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi zinthu zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mafuta a cholesterol - margarine, batala, zonona. Kumwa kwa zinthu zotere ndi chiopsezo cha kunenepa kwambiri, kusokonezeka kwa metabolic, spikes ya shuga m'magazi a shuga. Kenako, zinthu izi zimatsogolera pakupanga zolembedwa za atherosulinotic;
- Mowa umadziwika ndi zambiri zopatsa mphamvu za calorie, "zopanda" mphamvu, zowononga mitsempha yamagazi. Kwa mitundu yonse ya matenda ashuga, zosaposa 50 g za zouma zouma zouma ziloledwa;
- Ngakhale khofi si chinthu chanyama, koma cholesterol imachuluka. Ili ndi cafestol, chinthu chomwe chimagwira m'matumbo. Zimathandizira kuyamwa kwa LDL m'magazi. Ndipo ngati muwonjezera mkaka ku chakumwa, ndiye kuti HDL iyamba kutsika.
Pomaliza: mndandanda wa anthu odwala matenda ashuga komanso anthu omwe ali ndi chiopsezo chachikulu cha atherosulinosis ayenera kukhala osiyanasiyana komanso osamala. Onetsetsani kuti mumadya zipatso zambiri, ndiwo zamasamba, onani boma la kumwa. Palibe chifukwa chosiya nyama - mapuloteni ndiofunikira m'thupi. Ngati mukukana chakudya kuchokera pamndandanda "wofiyira", ndiye kuti mutha kusintha kagayidwe ka lipid ndikuchepetsa LDL.
Ndi zakudya ziti zomwe zimakhala ndi cholesterol yambiri muvidiyoyi.
