Anthu ambiri tsiku lililonse amadya zakudya zamafuta ndi okazinga, osaganiza kuti chakudya choterechi sichimangowononga chiwongola dzanja, komanso ziwiya. Kupatula apo, ili ndi cholesterol yomwe imasonkhana pamakoma a mitsempha ndi mitsempha, ndikupanga zolembera za atherosrance.
Umu ndi momwe hypercholesterolemia imakhalira, yomwe imakhala yowopsa kwambiri ku matenda ashuga. Kutupa kwamasamba kumasokoneza kugwira ntchito kwa ziwalo zofunika, zomwe zingayambitse matenda a stroko kapena thrombosis, yomwe imayambitsa imfa.
Pofuna kupewa zovuta, ndikofunikira kudya zakudya zamafuta ochepa tsiku lililonse. Chakudya chopatsa thanzi chimathandizira kusintha kagayidwe ka lipid, kumachepetsa kugwira ntchito kwa mtima komanso kumalimbitsa thupi lathunthu.
Kodi cholesterol ndi chiani ndipo bwanji imakhala yoyipa?
Cholesrol ndi lipophilic mowa wopangidwa makamaka mu impso, m'mimba, m'mimba ndi ziwalo za m'mimba. Zinthu zotsalazo zimalowa m'thupi ndi chakudya.
Mowa wamafuta umagwira ntchito zingapo zofunika. Ndi gawo limodzi lamatumbo am'magazi, limagwira ntchito mwachinsinsi ya vitamini D ndipo mahomoni ena, amathandizira magwiridwe antchito amanjenje komanso kubereka.
Cholesterol imatha kukhala yolemera molekyulu (LDL) ndi kulemera kwakukulu (HDL). Izi zimapangidwa mosiyanasiyana pakapangidwe kake ndi thupi. Chifukwa chake, zotengera zoyera za HDL, ndi LDL, m'malo mwake, muzivala.
Kuphatikiza apo, ma lipoprotein otsika kwambiri amasokoneza magazi kuti apite ziwalo. Kuchepetsa kwa lumen ya mtima mu myocardium kumabweretsa kuwoneka kwa mtima ischemia. Ndi njala yathunthu ya okosijeni, minofu necrosis imachitika, yomwe imathera pakulimbana ndi mtima.
Mapangidwe a atherosclerotic nthawi zambiri amapangidwa m'matumbo a ubongo. Zotsatira zake, maselo amitsempha amafa ndipo sitiroko limayamba.
Kuti thupi lizigwira ntchito bwino, ndikofunikira kuti mulingo wa cholesterol yoyipa ndi yopindulitsa. Mutha kukhazikitsa muyeso wa zinthu izi ngati mumagwiritsa ntchito zakudya tsiku lililonse zomwe zingachepetse kuchuluka kwa LDL.
Kwambiri, zomwe zimakhala ndi cholesterol yoyipa m'magazi zimakwezedwa ndi mafuta osachokera ku nyama. Zotsatirazi zimakhala ndi cholesterol yayikulu:
- offal, makamaka ubongo;
- nyama (nkhumba, bakha, mwanawankhosa);
- batala ndi tchizi;
- dzira;
- mbatata yokazinga;
- nsomba caviar;
- maswiti;
- msuzi wowawasa wowawasa ndi mayonesi;
- msuzi wamafuta ambiri;
- mkaka wonse.
Koma simuyenera kusiyiratu mafuta, chifukwa amafunikira kagayidwe kabwino ndikulowetsedwa mu cell.
Kwa mulingo woyenera, ndikokwanira kudya zakudya zomwe zili ndi LDL ndizochepa.
Zakudya zamafuta a cholesterol
Zakudya zochepa za cholesterol ndizokhala ndi masamba ndi ma sterols a chomera. Kutengera zinthu izi, yogurts zopanda shuga zopanda kanthu zimapangidwa, zomwe zimatengedwa kuti ndi hypercholesterolemia.
Zinthu zina zingapo zithandizanso kutsitsa cholesterol ya LDL ndi 10-15%. Mndandanda wazakudya zamafuta athanzi, lecithin ndi linoleic, arachidonic acid amatsogozedwa ndi mitundu ya nkhuku (nkhuku, fillet fillets) ndi nyama (veal, kalulu).
Ndi cholesterol yayikulu, chakudyacho chimayenera kulemekezedwa ndi mafuta ochepa amkaka (tchizi tchizi, kefir, yogati). Zosagwiranso ntchito monga nsomba zam'nyanja ndi mitundu ina ya nsomba (shrimp, pike perch, hake, squid, scallops, mussels) okhala ndi ayodini, zomwe sizimalola lipids kuyikidwa pamakoma olimbitsa.
Zakudya zina za cholesterol zotsika zikuwonetsedwa patebulo ili m'munsiyi:
| Dzina la mankhwala | Zochita pa thupi |
| Mbewu zonse za chimanga (barele, mpunga wa bulauni, oats, buckwheat, oatmeal, chinangwa) | Zachuma mu fiber, zomwe zimatsitsa LDL ndi 5-15% |
| Zipatso ndi zipatso (zipatso, zipatso, maapulo, mapeyala, mphesa, rasipiberi, plums, nthochi) | Amakhala ndi mafuta osungunuka m'mafuta, osasungunuka m'matumbo, amamanga cholesterol ndikuchichotsa m'thupi. Mavitamini ndi michere amasintha LDL kukhala zinthu zopindulitsa monga mahomoni ogonana |
| Mafuta opaka masamba (maolivi, soya, thonje, wopingidwa, chimanga, mpendadzuwa, | Ndiwosinthidwa kwathunthu pazinthu zoipa za cholesterol. Muli oleic acid, omega-3 ndi 6 ndi zinthu zina zotsutsana ndi atherogenic (phytostanols, phospholipids, squalene, phytosterols). Izi zimachepetsa cholesterol ndikuchepetsa chiopsezo cha matenda a mtima. |
| Masamba (tomato, biringanya, adyo, kaloti, kabichi, zukini) | Pogwiritsa ntchito tsiku ndi tsiku, tsitsani cholesterol yoyipa mpaka 15%. Amatsuka ziwiya zochokera ku zolembedwa za atherosrance, poletsa mapangidwe ake mtsogolo |
| Leamu (mphodza, nyemba, anapiye, soya) | Kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa LDL mpaka 20% chifukwa cha selenium, isoflavone ndi magnesium. Zinthuzi zimakhala ndi mphamvu ya antioxidant, zimabowola cholesterol plaque kumakoma amitsempha yamagazi |
| Mtedza ndi njere (fulakesi, maamondi, ma pisachi, ma cashews, nthangala za sesame, mbewu za mkungudza) | Ali ndi ma phytostanols ndi ma phytosterols omwe amachotsa LDL mthupi. Ngati mumadya 60 g mwa zinthu izi tsiku lililonse, ndiye kuti mu mwezi umodzi mafuta a cholesterol adzatsikira mpaka 8%. |
Zokometsera zina zimaphatikizidwa pamndandanda wazakudya zofunika kwa hypercholesterolemia. Zonunkhira zoterezi zimaphatikizapo marjoram, basil, katsabola, laurel, mbewu za caraway ndi parsley. Ndipo kugwiritsa ntchito nandolo zotsekemera, tsabola wakuda ndi wofiira ndikofunikira kuti muchepetse.
Kuphatikiza pa kupatula pa zakudya zamafuta, kupewa hypercholesterolemia, ndikofunikira kuchepetsa kudya kwamphamvu kwambiri.
Kupatula apo, shuga, mikate yoyera, semolina, confectionery, mpunga kapena pasitala samangokhala ndi zopatsa mphamvu zambiri, komanso zimathandizira pakupanga kolesterol m'thupi mwachangu.
Makonda ndi maphikidwe a zakudya zotsitsa mafuta m'thupi
Zakudya zomwe zili ndi mafuta okwanira m'magazi ziyenera kukhala zazing'ono. Chakudya chimayenera kudyedwa mpaka katatu pa tsiku m'magawo ang'onoang'ono.
Njira zotsimikizika zophikira kuphika mu uvuni, kuphika kwa nthunzi, kuphika ndi kudyetsa. Mukamatsatira malamulo osavuta awa, ndiye kuti cholesterol imasintha pakapita miyezi yochepa.
Osasankha zakudya, masamba, zakudya zopanda mkaka wowawasa, zipatso, zitsamba, zipatso, nyama zopanda mafuta, nsomba ndi mbewu zonse zamphesa ziyenera kuphatikizidwa muzakudya. Mndandanda wachitsanzo cha hypercholesterolemia umawoneka motere:
- Chakudya cham'mawa - nsomba yophika buledi, oatmeal yokhala ndi zipatso zouma, mtedza, zoseweretsa, yogati, mafuta ophikira kanyumba, mazira osokonekera, makeke ophika biscuit kapena phala la buckwheat ndi saladi wamasamba. Monga chakumwa, zobiriwira, mabulosi, tiyi wa ginger, madzi a zipatso kapena compote, uzvar ndi abwino.
- Chakudya chamasana - lalanje, apulo, tchizi chokhala ndi mafuta ochepa, zipatso za mphesa.
- Chakudya chamadzulo - phala la mpunga ndi nsomba yophika, borsch, msuzi wamasamba kapena saladi, nkhuku yophika kapena chifuwa cha Turkey, steak veal cutlets.
- Zokhwasula - mabulosi msuzi, mkate ndi chinangwa ndi nthangala za sesame, saladi wa zipatso, kefir.
- Chakudya chamadzulo - saladi yamasamba yochitidwa ndi mafuta a masamba, ng'ombe yophika kapena nsomba, barele kapena phala la chimanga, mphodza.
- Musanagone, mutha kumwa tiyi kapena kapu imodzi ya kefir.
Kuti muchepetse cholesterol yoyipa, muyenera kugwiritsa ntchito maphikidwe kuchokera kuzakudya zololedwa. Chifukwa chake, kuwotcha ndi mphodza kumathandizira kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa LDL.
Nyemba zimaphikidwa mpaka zofewa, kufalikira pa colander, msuzi suthiridwa. Anyezi umodzi ndi mabatani awiri a adyo amadulidwa bwino. Sulutsani khungu kwa 2-3 tomato, kudula mnofu kukhala ma cubes.
Masamba amasakanizidwa ndi lente puree ndi mphodza kwa mphindi 10. Pamapeto pake kuphika, zonunkhira (koriander, zira, paprika, turmeric) ndi mafuta pang'ono zamasamba zimawonjezedwa kuzowotcha.
Ndi cholesterol yayikulu, ndikofunikira kugwiritsa ntchito saladi wa tchizi cha Adyghe ndi avocado. Pakukonzekera kwake, apulo imodzi ndi peyala ya alligator imadulidwa mu cubes ndikuphatikizidwa ndi tchizi. Mafuta a azitona, mandimu ndi mpiru amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati kuvala.
Ngakhale ndi hypercholesterolemia, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito msuzi kuchokera ku tsabola ndi belu. Chinsinsi cha kukonzekera kwake:
- Anyezi, kabichi, tsabola wokoma, mbatata ndi tomato amawotchera.
- Masamba amayikidwa m'madzi otentha ndikuwophika kwa mphindi 15.
- Pamapeto kuphika, onjezani mchere pang'ono, nati ndi mandimu ndi msuzi.
Ndi zakudya ziti zomwe mungadye ndi cholesterol yayikulu zomwe zafotokozedwa muvidiyoyi.
