Mwa munthu wathanzi, chizolowezi cha shuga mu mkodzo chiyenera kukhala pafupifupi 2.8 mmol. Ngati kuchuluka kwake kukuwonjezeka ndipo zizowonjezerazo zidzakhala zochulukirapo 3%, izi zikuwonetsa kuphwanyidwa kwa magwiridwe antchito a impso. Izi zikutanthauza kuti glucose amakhala mkodzo, ndikofunikira kudziwa momwe mungachepetse shuga m'matupi amthupi.
Dzinalo la zinthu zotere pamene glucose mumkodzo wapezeka ndi glucosuria. Mutha kudziwa kukhalapo kwawo kunyumba, pogwiritsa ntchito zingwe zoyeserera kapena mu labotale. Koma kuti mudziwe bwino komanso kuzindikira zomwe zimayambitsa kuchuluka kwa shuga mumkodzo, ndikofunikira kudutsa kuwunika kwa mkodzo wa shuga.
Koma chifukwa chiyani kuchuluka kwa magazi ndi mkodzo kwamkaka kumatha kuchuluka? Kodi zizindikiro za izi ndi ziti ndipo zikuwonetsa bwanji kuti ziwonetsedwe?
Zomwe zimayambitsa ndi zizindikiro
Kuti mudziwe chifukwa chake shuga mumkodzo adakwera, ndikofunikira kumvetsetsa kuti cholowa cha impso ndi chiyani. Glucosuria imadziwika ikatuluka. Nthawi zambiri, mwa achikulire athanzi, cholowa chaimpso sichidutsa 10 mmol / L, mwa mwana - 12,65 mmol / L, ndipo mwa okalamba Zizindikiro zake zimatsitsidwa.
Mu matenda a impso, yodziwika ndi kuwonongeka kwa ma tubules awo, omwe amabwezera shuga m'magazi kuchokera mkodzo woyamba, cholowa chaimpso chimachepa. Izi ndizomwe zimayambitsa shuga mumkodzo.
Mu matenda a shuga (aimpso), kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi kumatha kukhalanso kwabwinobwino kapena kuchepetsedwa, koma pamakhala mkodzo wambiri. Mankhwala, matendawa amatchedwa glucosuria. Zimatha kuchitika pamene shuga mumkodzo ndiwambiri kwambiri ndipo ngati magazi a magazi sanadutsidwe ngakhale motsutsana ndi chiyambi cha kukula kwa hypoglycemia.
Type Iabetes mellitus ndiye akutsogolera kuchuluka kwa glucose mu mkodzo. Zizindikiro zakukula kwamatendawa ndimatenda amkodzo mumkodzo ndikuwonjezera shuga m'magazi.
Glucose amalowa mumtsinje wamagazi kudzera m'matumbo a impso kudzera mu phosphating mphamvu ya enzyme hexokinase pamenepo. Mtundu woyamba wa matenda ashuga, mankhwalawa amathandizidwa ndi insulin ndipo wodwalayo amakhala ndi gawo lowonongeka. Odwala, njira za sclerotic mu impso zimakulitsidwa ndipo shuga mkodzo sapezeka, ndipo kuyezetsa magazi kumawonetsa kukhalapo kwa hyperglycemia.
Koma nthawi zambiri chifukwa chake pamakhala shuga wambiri mumkodzo ndi glucosuria wakanthawi yochepa. Pali mitundu itatu yamikhalidwe:
- Makope. Amadziwika ndi kuwonjezeka kumodzi kwa shuga mumkodzo, mwachitsanzo, atagwiritsidwa ntchito molakwika ndi zakudya za chakudya.
- Zamatsenga. Mu mkodzo, shuga amawonjezeka pamene milingo yake imakwera kwambiri m'magazi.
- Zamalingaliro Glucosuria imachitika chifukwa champhamvu komanso kupsinjika.
Ngati shuga alipo mkodzo, zomwe zimayambitsa matendawa zimatha kukhalapo pakuphwanya kwambiri impso, Itsenko-Cushing's syndrome, hyperthyroidism, encephalitis, kapamba, kutupa kwa impso. Zina zomwe zimakhudza kuchuluka kwa shuga wa mkodzo ndizovulaza ku ubongo, zimakhumudwitsa dongosolo lamanjenje, matenda a Girke, komanso kutentha thupi.
Nthawi zina glucosuria imayamba poizoni ndi mankhwala (chloroform, morphine, phosphorous). Zomwe zimatsitsimutsa ndi kupsinjika kwa minofu, kugwiritsa ntchito sedative ndi analgesics, kuzunza thupi, kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala a mahomoni.
Chifukwa chiyani mwana shuga amakwera? Ngati pali shuga mumkodzo, muyezo wa ana suyenera kupitirira 2.8 mmol / l. Mwana akayamba kukhala ndi mkodzo mkodzo atatha kudya chakudya chamaofesi othamanga, chizindikiro ichi chimati makolo ayenera kusintha malamulo azakudya za ana ndikuchotsa zakudya zopanda thanzi m'zakudya. Koma mwa ana, kuwoneka kwa shuga mkodzo, monga akulu, kumatha kuchitika ndi matenda osiyanasiyana (matenda a shuga, matenda a ubongo, encephalitis).
Kodi glucosuria amawonekera bwanji? Zizindikiro zake zimakonda kupezeka m'matenda a shuga 1. Zimaphatikizidwa ndi kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi, omwe amatchedwa glycemia.
Chithunzi chachipatala cha glucosuria ndi hyperglycemia:
- kutopa;
- kuchuluka kopanda mphamvu kapena kuchepa kwa thupi;
- kamwa yowuma
- pafupipafupi matenda opatsirana kwamikodzo;
- ludzu
- zolimbitsa thupi.
Ngati njira zochepetsera shuga mu odwala matenda ashuga sizitengedwa munthawi yake, ndiye kuti matendawa azikhala ovuta. Ndi mawonekedwe apamwamba a matendawa, kuyesa kwa mkodzo kwa shuga kumawonetsa kukhalapo kwa matupi a ketone (acetone).
Zizindikiro za matenda oopsa a hyperglycemia ndi polyuria ndi chikumbumtima chovulala.
Momwe mungazindikire glucosuria kunyumba?
Kodi pali njira zina zothandizira kudziwa glucosuria posakhalitsa pazovuta zamankhwala? Kukhalapo kwa shuga mumkodzo kumatha kutsimikiziridwa popanda kugwiritsa ntchito mayeso.
Muyeso umakhazikitsidwa ndi njira ya glucose oxidase. The yogwira zikuchokera chizindikiritso muli peroxidase ndi shuga oxidase michere.
Zingwe zoyeserera zimapangidwa m'mitundu itatu yamizere yowonetsa (25, 50, 100). Chosavuta kwambiri chimayikidwa Nambala 50, ndipo kuchuluka kwake mumizere kumatenga masiku 30.
Mzere woyeserera ndi reagent yokonzekera kugwiritsa ntchito yogwiritsa ntchito gawo lapansi la pulasitiki. Pakachitika izi, chizindikiro chachikaso, chomwe chili 1 mm kuchokera m'mphepete, chimapakidwa utoto. Zotsatira zimatanthauziridwa motere: ngati mulibe glucose mkodzo, izi zikuwonetsa kuti yankho lake ndi ayi, ndipo mtundu wa mzere woyezera sukusinthidwa.
Ndipo chizindikirochi chimatanthawuza chiyani pamene mtundu wa Mzere wasintha kuchokera kubiriwira kupita pamtambo wakuda? Izi zikuwonetsa zotsatira zabwino. Kuzungulira kwa glucose kwamkaka kwambiri, komwe kumatsimikiziridwa ndi zingwe zoyesera, ndi 112 mol / l.
Kuti kusanthula kwamkodzo kuti shuga akhale wodalirika, ndikofunikira kudziwa momwe mungagwiritsire ntchito zingwe zoyeserera molondola:
- Pofufuza, tikulimbikitsidwa kumwa 30 ml ya mkodzo wam'mawa, wokhazikika maola awiri asanafike pokonzekera. Ngati madzi akhala akusungidwa kwanthawi yayitali, sizikupanga nzeru kupita nawo ku labotale, chifukwa zotsatira zake zimakhala zosadalirika.
- Pamaso pa mpanda, njira zonse zaukhondo ziyenera kuchitika.
- Mzere woyeza womwe wachotsedwa mu chubu uyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa mphindi 60.
- Chizindikiro sichiyenera kukhudzidwa.
- Mzere umamizidwa mu chubu choyesera ndi mkodzo kwa masekondi awiri, kenako umayikidwa pamalo oyera, osalala.
Zotsatira zake zikhala zodziwika pambuyo pa mphindi 1-2 phunziroli litatha, chifukwa cha kumasulira kwake, utoto wake umayerekezedwa ndi tebulo lomwe laikidwa pensulo ya pensulo.
Maphunziro azachipatala omwe amatsimikizira shuga mumkodzo, kutanthauzira kwawo
Pali mitundu iwiri yayikulu yosakaniza mkodzo pakuzindikira shuga mkati mwake - m'mawa ndi tsiku ndi tsiku. Chofunika kwambiri ndi kuphunzira tsiku ndi tsiku.
Ma algorithm opeza mkodzo siovuta. Masana, amadzimadzimadzi amatengedwa mumtsuko waukulu. Mkodzo woyamba m'mawa umatulutsidwa. Bioametharil wosonkhanowu amasungidwa mufiriji kutentha mpaka madigiri 8.
Pambuyo pa tsiku, madzi am'mtsuko amasakanikirana ndikuthira mumtsuko yaying'ono ndi voliyumu ya 100-200 ml. Kuti mayeso amkodzo a shuga apereke zotsatira zodalirika, ndikofunikira kudziwa momwe mungaperekere komanso kusonkhanitsa mitundu yoyenera molondola.
Zotengera zamadzimadzi ziyenera kukhala zouma komanso zoyera. Mtsempha wofunafuna kafukufuku wapadera umaloledwa kuti usungidwe kwa maola 1.5. Pa thankiyo, magawo monga kulemera, kutalika ndi kuchuluka kwa mkodzo womwe umaperekedwa tsiku lililonse m'mamilimita akuwonetsedwa.
Ngati dotolo adakulamula kuti atenge mkodzo wa shuga m'mawa, ndiye kuti kaphatikizidwe ka algorithm ndi motere: 30-40 ml ya madzi omwe amatengedwa m'mawa amatengedwa mumtsuko yaying'ono. Biomaterial imatengedwera ku labotale pasanathe maola 6 kutola.
Mwa munthu wathanzi, diuresis patsiku ndi 1200-1500 ml. Ngati kuchuluka kwake kupitilira, polyuria imapezeka.
Kodi izi zikutanthauza chiyani? Pamene kusanthula kukuwonetsa kuchuluka kwa mkodzo kololedwa, maphunziro owonjezera amachitika. Maonekedwe a madzi amadzimadzi ndi amodzi kwa anthu odwala matenda a shuga a mtundu woyamba kapena wachiwiri.
Ngati wodwala amakhala wathanzi, mkodzo wake umakhala ndi mtundu wachikasu. Ndi mthunzi wokhazikika, kuyesa kowonjezereka kumachitika kuti mupeze chomwe chimapangitsa kuti madzi azisungidwa. Mkodzo wokhala ndi index yotsekemera ya shuga (mpaka 0,02%) sayenera kukhala ndi acetone, phosphates ndi zinthu zina.
Ndi mtundu wachiwiri wa matenda ashuga a mellitus kapena mawonekedwe ake a insulin, impso zimakhudzidwa nthawi zambiri. Chifukwa chake, creatinine amawonjezeranso muyeso mwa odwala. Thupi ndilo chinthu chomaliza chofunikira kwambiri chofunikira kwambiri mthupi chomwe chimapezeka pokhudzana ndi mphamvu zamagetsi.
Creatinine ndi chizindikiro chofunikira chomwe chikuwonetsa kuchuluka kwa ntchito ya impso, chiwindi, machitidwe ena ndi ziwalo. Kuzungulira kwa thunthu kumatsimikiziridwa ndi kuyesa kwa magazi ndi kuyesa kwamkodzo kwa shuga.
Malamulo otola mkodzo ndi ofanana ndi omwe afotokozedwera pamwambapa. Zotsatira zakuyesa zikuwonetsa kuchuluka kwa thunthu ndi kuchuluka kwa mankhwala a creatinine ochulukitsidwa kuchokera mthupi maola 24.
Creatinine amatsimikiza ndi jenda komanso zaka. Zomwe zimachitika tsiku ndi tsiku mwa amuna mumkodzo ndi mpaka 2000 mg kapena mpaka 17,7 mmol pa lita, mwa akazi - 600-1800 mg kapena 5.3-15.9 mmol / l.
Matenda a kwamikodzo mwachizolowezi tsiku lililonse amalemera pafupifupi kilogalamu imodzi ya kulemera, kutengera zaka:
- Masiku 1-4 amawerengedwa pawokha malinga ndi chida chapadera;
- mpaka chaka chimodzi - 71-177 micromol;
- 1-16 wazaka - 71-194 mmol;
- Mpaka zaka 18 - ma micromoles a 71-265.
Shuga wa urine mu shuga, monga creatinine, samachuluka nthawi zonse. Koma ngati zotsatira za kusanthulako zili zabwino, zikuwonetsa kuwonongeka kwa impso. Vutoli limatchedwa kuti diabetesic nephropathy. Chifukwa chake, ndikofunikira kudziwa momwe mungachepetse shuga mumkodzo, womwe ungathandize kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa creatinine ndipo, chifukwa chake, siyani kupitirira kwa nephropathy.
Momwe mungachotsere shuga mkodzo?
Mchere wambiri m'magazi ndi mkodzo ndiwowopsa pakupanga zovuta zambiri. Chifukwa chake, iwo omwe mwapeza glucosuria, muyenera kudziwa za njira zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pochotsa shuga pazinthu zakudwala.
Momwe mungachotsere shuga mumkodzo? Zakudya zoyenera zimathandizira kuchepetsa shuga wa mkodzo. Kuchokera muzakudya ndikofunikira kuti muchepetse zakudya zodzaza ndi chakudya chamaguluchangu, yokazinga, zokometsera komanso mafuta. Ndikulimbikitsidwa kuti muphatikize muzakudya za tsiku ndi tsiku zomwe zimachotsa shuga m'thupi - masamba, zipatso wowawasa, chimanga, zitsamba, mitundu ya zakudya ndi nsomba.
Omwe ali ndi shuga wambiri mumkodzo wawo ayenera kusiyiratu kumwa, zakumwa zotsekemera, timadziti ndi zosokoneza bongo. Momwe mungachepetse shuga mkodzo ndi masewera olimbitsa thupi? Masewera ndi othandiza kwambiri kwa odwala matenda ashuga, chifukwa amatulutsa njira za metabolic, komanso amatha kuchepetsa kunenepa.
Ngakhale shuga mumkodzo amachotsedwa pogwiritsa ntchito mankhwala a hypoglycemic ndi insulin. Kusankha kwa mankhwala othandizira odwala matenda ashuga kumakulirakulira, chifukwa chake, ngati shuga wapezeka mumkodzo, ndi dokotala wokhayo amene ayenera kulandira chithandizo.
Momwe mungachepetse shuga mwachangu anthu azitsamba? Kupanga munthu wa glucosuria ndi hyperglycemia kumva bwino, amagwiritsa ntchito njira zina zamankhwala zomwe zimachepetsa kuchuluka kwa shuga m'thupi.
Ngati shuga wapezeka mumkodzo, gwiritsani ntchito:
- sinamoni
- mankhwala a zitsamba (nettle, dandelion, stevia);
- buliberries;
- mbewu ya oat.
Katswiriyu, mu kanema munkhaniyi, ayankhula za zomwe zimayambitsa, Zizindikiro ndi chithandizo cha glucosuria.
