Hypercholesterolemia ndi kuchuluka kwa cholesterol m'thupi la munthu, komwe kungayambitse matenda a mtima. Kwa amuna ambiri, chiopsezo cha matenda chifukwa cha cholesterol yayikulu chimayamba pafupifupi zaka 20 ndikuwonjezeka chaka chilichonse.
Vutoli likuchulukirachulukira pamaso pa matenda amtundu uliwonse, makamaka matenda ashuga. Anthu omwe apezeka ndi matenda ashuga amayenera kuyang'anira cholesterol yawo nthawi zonse.
Mu matenda a shuga, kuchuluka kwa kuwerenga kwa lipoprotein ndikotheka. Izi ndichifukwa choti ziwalo zina zimasintha magwiridwe antchito, pomwe zimapangitsa kuchuluka kwa cholesterol. Zotsatira zake zimatha kukhala zovuta zamitundu mitundu zomwe zingasokoneze njira ya matenda ashuga.
Cholesterol imayang'anira njira zingapo mthupi la munthu:
- Zimatenga nawo mbali pomanga ndi kukonza ma membrane a ma cell;
- Udindo wa kusankha kwa ma membrane a maselo;
- Amatenga nawo gawo pakupanga kugonana ndi mahomoni ena;
- Imalimbikitsa kapangidwe ka vitamini D;
- Amateteza komanso kupatula zingwe zam'mitsempha m'thupi la munthu;
- Ndi chimodzi mwazinthu zazikulu zofunikira za metabolic mavitamini A, E ndi K.
Cholesterol ndi chinthu chonga mafuta chomwe chimayikidwa mu chiwindi ndi ziwalo zina. Zambiri zimapangidwa ndi thupi la munthu, koma zochuluka zimapezeka kuchokera ku chakudya.
Thupi la bambo limasowa cholesterol, koma zochepa ndizofunikira.
Pali mitundu ingapo ya cholesterol yomwe imasiyana mosiyanasiyana. M'malo omwe mitundu yambiri ya magazi imakhala yochulukirapo, mafutawo a cholesterol amafuta amayikidwa pamakoma amitsempha yamagazi. Iyi ndi njira yosasangalatsa yomwe imathandizira kuti magazi azituluka kupita ku minofu ya mtima, kuchepetsa kupezeka kwa mpweya wake.
Cholesterol, yomwe imalepheretsa mitsempha, imatchedwa LDL, kapena lowensens lipoprotein. Zimavulaza thupi lathu komanso kuchuluka kwawo kumakhudza thanzi la anthu, kukulitsa matenda a shuga ndikupangitsa kuti pakhale matenda atsopano. Mtundu wina wa cholesterol ndi lipoproteins wapamwamba, kapena HDL. Ntchito yake yayikulu ndikuchotsa cholesterol yoyipa, chifukwa imadziwika kuti cholesterol yabwino.
Kuti mukhale athanzi, muyenera kukhala ndi cholesterol yoyenera komanso yabwino.
Kuchuluka kwa cholesterol kumatha kusintha m'magawo 3.6-7.8 mmol / L. Zimatengera zaka za mwamunayo, momwe aliri. Komabe, madokotala ambiri amavomereza kuti mulingo wa cholesterol uliwonse pamwamba 6mmol / L uyenera kuyesedwa kuti ukakweze ndikuyika pachiwopsezo chaumoyo.
Pali matebulo apadera omwe amawonetsa chikhalidwe cha cholesterol cha amuna, kutengera zaka.
Kugawika kwa cholesterol yamagazi:
- Mulingo woyenera. Kukhalapo kwa lipoprotein sikudutsa 5 mmol / l;
- Wokwezeka modekha. Amadziwika ndi kuchuluka kwa cholesterol kuyambira 5 mpaka 6 mmol / l;
- Cholesterol okwera kwambiri. Zolemba za cholesterol zili pamwamba pa 7 mmol / L.
Pali zifukwa zingapo zomwe zingakhudze kuchuluka kwa cholesterol m'mwazi wa munthu:
- Kukhalapo kwa kubadwa kwa cholowa;
- Mavuto onenepa kwambiri;
- Kusuta, komwe kumawononga thupi lonse;
- Zosintha zokhudzana ndi zaka mthupi la abambo akulu kuposa zaka 45;
- Kukhalapo kwa matenda oopsa;
- Kukhalapo kwa matenda a mtima;
- Moyo wapaulendo;
- Zakudya zopanda pake.
- Type 2 shuga.
- Mtundu woyamba wa shuga.
Kuphatikiza apo, kumwa mowa kwambiri nthawi zambiri kumakhudzanso cholesterol yachimuna.
Cholesterol okwera amachititsa matenda oopsa omwe amapezeka kale mwa amuna, komanso amatsogolera pakukula kwa matenda a mtima ndi mtima. Ganizirani zovuta zambiri.
Stroke ndi myocardial infaration. Izi zimachitika chifukwa kupangika kwa magazi kumatseka kulowa mu ubongo ndi mtima. Zotsatira zake kuti magazi samalowa mwa iwo, kufa kwa minofu kumachitika;
Atherossteosis, yomwe ndi kufalikira kwa mitsempha;
Angina pectoris, yodziwika ndi kusakwanira kwa minofu ya mtima ndi mpweya;
Cerebrovascular ngozi.
Choopsa chachikulu cha cholesterol yayikulu mwa amuna ndikuti siziwonetsa chilichonse. Chifukwa chake, kupewa izi, tikulimbikitsidwa kupimidwa nthawi zonse ndikuyesa mayeso amthupi.
Kuyesedwa kwa magazi kumathandizira kuzindikira zizindikiritso za cholesterol yayikulu ndikuchita zinthu zofunika munthawi yake.
Pali zizindikiro zingapo, komabe, zimawonekera ngakhale pamaso pa matenda omwe amayamba chifukwa cha kupatuka kwa chikhalidwe cha cholesterol:
- Kulephera kwa mtima;
- Supombosis
- Ululu m'miyendo pakulimbitsa thupi;
- Kukongoletsa khungu pakhungu;
- Cerebrovascular ngozi.
Zonse zomwe zidatchulidwa zomwe zimachitika mthupi la munthu zimawonetsa kuti thupi limakhala ndi mitundu yambiri yazowonjezera zamankhwala.
Mlingo wa cholesterol m'mwazi mwa amuna, komanso kupatuka kwa iwo, umatsimikiziridwa pogwiritsa ntchito njira zodziwonera. Kuti muchite izi, muyenera kuyesa magazi kuchokera ku chala kapena mtsempha. Kutengera ndi zomwe adalandira, adotolo amawunikira ndikuwonetsetsa pamankhwala a cholesterol.
Diagnostics iyenera kuchitidwa pamaso pa matenda osiyanasiyana amtima; anthu odwala matenda ashuga; ndi matenda a impso ndi chiwindi; kwa anthu azaka zopitilira 35.
Kuti muchepetse cholesterol m'magazi, ndikofunikira kuti mupeze vutoli. Mfundo zazikulu zomwe zikuluzikulu ndi:
- Chakudya chokhazikika, tsatirani zakudya zisanu;
- Kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi pafupipafupi;
- Chithandizo cha mankhwala ndi mankhwala ngati kuli kofunikira.
Chakudya chokhala ndi cholesterol yayikulu ndicholinga chothetsa zakudya zamafuta ambiri pachakudya.
Malamulo oyambira pazakudya ndi:
- Zokonda ziyenera kuperekedwa kwa nyama yotsamira, yopanda mafuta, popanda khungu pakhuku. Njira yabwino ikadalowe m'malo mwa nyamayo ndi nkhuku kapena nkhuku;
- Ndikofunikira kudya zochuluka pazinthu zomwe zimachokera ku mbewu, pomwe ma saladi amayenera kungokhalitsidwa ndi mafuta a masamba, kupatula manja. Izi ndichifukwa choti cholesterol imapezeka mu zinthu zomwe zidachokera ku nyama;
- Chothandiza kwambiri ndikugwiritsira ntchito tirigu, makamaka oatmeal, buckwheat;
- Zakudyazo zimaphatikizapo mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mtedza;
- Mkate ndi zinthu zina za ufa zimapangidwa kuchokera ku ufa wouma;
- Mazira a mazira amaloledwa kudya osaposa 2-3 pa sabata, kuchuluka kwa mapuloteni sikuchepera;
- Zakudya zam'madzi zololedwa;
- Mukamaphika, ndibwino kuphika kapena nthunzi, ndipo zakudya yokazinga siyiyenera kuyikidwa kunja;
- Kugwiritsa ntchito khofi kuchepetsa kapena kukana, kusinthanitsa ndi tiyi;
- Kugwiritsa ntchito zipatso zouma sikulimbikitsidwa;
- Kugwiritsa ntchito mowa kumapangidwa, kupatula vinyo wofiira.
Ndikofunika kukumbukira kuti mndandanda wokhaza komanso wopangidwa bwino, komanso kukhalanso ndi moyo wathanzi, ungathandize kukwaniritsa kuchepa kwa cholesterol ndikukwaniritsa mlingo wake wanthawi zonse. Nthawi zina, zakudya zamagetsi zimathandiza kuchepetsa cholesterol.
Zakudya zofunika, kugwiritsa ntchito wowerengeka kapena mankhwala ochizira, zimayikidwa ndi dokotala pokhapokha atalandira zotsatira za kuwunika kwa cholesterol. Zofunikira kuti mupeze upangiri waluso. Kudzipatsa nokha sikololedwa ndi mafuta ochepa komanso otsika kwambiri.
Momwe mungachepetse cholesterol yamagazi ikufotokozedwa mu kanema m'nkhaniyi.
