Cholesterol ndi gulu lamankhwala, mowa wachilengedwe wamafuta womwe umakhala wofewa waxy. Izi, zomwe zimakhala ndi lipids ndi ma steroid, zimapezeka m'mitsempha, khungu, minofu minofu, chiwindi, matumbo ndi mtima.
Zimapangidwa ndi thupi mwachilengedwe ndipo zimagwira ngati chida chomanga cha estrogen ndi testosterone, komanso ma cell membrane. Kuchuluka kwa cholesterol kumapangidwa ndi chiwindi, kupumirako kumadutsa mu chakudya - nsomba, nyama ndi mkaka.
Izi zimawerengedwa kuti ndizofunikira, koma ndikachulukitsa m'magazi, kutsekeka kwamitsempha kumachitika, komwe kumayambitsa atherosulinosis. Izi zimayambitsa kugunda kwa mtima ndi sitiroko.
Zomwe zingakulitse cholesterol
Cholesterol okwera nthawi zambiri amawonedwa mwa anthu okalamba, chiopsezo chopeza chinthu m'magazi chimawonjezeka pambuyo pa zaka 55. Komanso, kuphwanya malamulo kumadziwika nthawi zambiri ali mwana, ngati mwana wakhala akudwala kuyambira ali mwana.
Mwa akazi, asanasiye, nthawi zambiri, cholesterol yokwanira imakhala yotsika. Pankhaniyi, kuyezetsa magazi nthawi zambiri kumawonetsa kuchuluka kwa cholesterol yotchedwa HDL yabwino. Izi ndichifukwa cha zochitika za mahomoni ogonana achikazi. Pa nthawi ya kusamba, kuchuluka kwa estrogen kumachepa kwambiri.
Mwambiri, cholesterol imakhala yothandiza chifukwa imathandizira kupanga mahomoni osiyanasiyana, ma asidi a bile, vitamini D. Kudzera m'magazi, zinthu zofunika zimatengedwa m'thupi lonse ndipo zimawonekera ziwalo zonse zamkati.
- Magwero a cholesterol ndi mazira, mkaka, nyama yanyama ndi nkhuku.
- Kuchulukira kwa zinthu kumawonedwa ndi mazira, nyama yojambulira, shirimpu, nsomba zazinkhanira.
- M'masamba, zipatso, mbewu, chimanga, mtedza ndi mbewu, cholesterol mulibe, motero zinthu izi ndizofunikira kuphatikiza muzakudya zamatenda a metabolic.
Zizindikiro za LDL yoyipa m'magazi imatha kuwonjezeka ngati idyedwa molakwika, kudya mkaka wambiri, nyama, zakudya zamafuta, kumangokhala. Kuphatikiza chomwe chimayambitsa chikhoza kukhala lingaliro lamtsogolo.
Osuta amakhala ndi cholesterol chochepa kwambiri.
Komanso, kuphwanya malamulo nthawi zambiri kumadziwika ndi kulemera kambiri, kukhalapo kwa matenda a shuga, kupsinjika kwa m'maganizo kapena kupsinjika.
Kukumana kwa cholesterol yoipa komanso yabwino
Kuyeza mulingo wamitundu yonse iwiri ya cholesterol, kuyezetsa magazi ndi mitundu yambiri kumachitika. Kuti muwone bwino zotsatira za phunziroli, muyenera kudziwa kuti ndi cholesterol ya HDL ndi LDL.
Poyamba, cholesterol yabwino imatanthawuza, wokhala ndi osalimba a lipoproteins kapena alpha lipoproteins. Mitengo yambiri ya chinthu ichi imateteza ku matenda a mtima. Ngati kuchuluka kwa HDL kuli pansi pa 40 mg / dl, chiopsezo cha matenda a mtima ndi stroke chikuwonjezeka kwambiri.
LDL cholesterol, yopanga otsika osalimba lipoprotein LDL kapena beta-lipoproteins, imawonedwa ngati yoyipa. M'matchutchutchutchu, zinthu zoterezi ndizowopsa chifukwa zimakhazikika pamakoma amkati mwa mitsempha, zomwe zimayambitsa mapangidwe a atherosranceotic malo. Chifukwa cha kusokonezeka, mitsempha yamagazi imakhala yopapatiza, imasinthasintha, ndipo chifukwa chake, atherosulinosis imayamba.
Zinthu izi zimasiyana mosiyanasiyana ndi kapangidwe kake:
- Ndi ma triglycerides okwera, HDL nthawi zambiri imakhala yotsika komanso LDL yokwera. Vutoli limawonedwa ndi kulemera kwambiri, kusachita masewera olimbitsa thupi, kusuta fodya, kumwa mowa mwauchidakwa, kudya mopitirira muyeso komanso kusowa kwambiri chakudya, kuphatikiza zakudya zamagulu ochulukirapo azakudya. Ndi triglycerides ya 150 kapena kuposerapo, metabolic syndrome imayamba, zomwe zimayambitsa matenda a shuga komanso matenda a mtima.
- Lipoproteins ndi mtundu wamtundu wa lipoproteins wotsika. Pamlingo waukulu, mafuta amaikidwa m'mitsempha yamagazi amawayang'anitsitsa, omwe amakhala olimbikitsira kukula kwa matenda a mtima.
Kuyesa kwa Cholesterol
Kuti mupeze zotsatira zolondola kwambiri, muyenera kukonzekera musanapite ku labotale. Kuti muchite izi, musanadziwe kuchuluka kwa cholesterol, muyenera kukana chakudya kwa maola 12. Madzi okha amaloledwa kumwa, koloko ndi khofi ayenera kusiyanitsidwa ndi zakudyazo. Ndikofunikanso kusiya kwakanthawi kwakumwa mankhwala omwe angapangitse zotsatira zoyipa.
Amafufuza magazi a cholesterol pafupipafupi kuti adziwe kuti akusokonekera munthawi yake ndikuletsa zovuta. Kuwunikira kotetemera kumachitika zaka zisanu zilizonse kwa amuna azaka zapakati pa 20 mpaka 35 ndipo akazi azaka 20-45.
Kuyesedwa kotere kumachitika makamaka pamaso pa matenda a shuga, kuthamanga kwa magazi, matenda amtima komanso zina zomwe zimayambitsa atherosulinosis. Mwana amayesedwa ngati m'modzi mwa makolo ali ndi cholesterol yayikulu. Kupitilira apo, dokotalayo angakupatseni kuyezetsa magazi kuti muwone ngati mankhwalawo alidi abwino.
Kuzindikira wodwala kumachitika ndi cholinga cha:
- Unikani kuopsa kwa kusintha kwa atherosulinotic m'mitsempha;
- Onaninso ntchito ya chiwindi ndi zomwe zimachitika mkati mwamkati;
- Dziwani kuphwanya kagayidwe ka lipid;
- Dziwani ngati kachigawo ka cholesterol cha HDL kotsika kapena kabwinobwino.
Malinga ndi tebulo, cholesterol yathunthu imatha kuchoka ku 3.0 mpaka 6.0 mmol / L. Mwa akazi, muyezo wa LDL ndi 1.92-4.51 mmol / lita, HDL ndi 0.86-2.2 mmol / lita. Mwa amuna, zizindikiro za cholesterol yabwino zimafikira 0,7-1.73 mmol / lita, zoyipa - 2.25-4.82 mmol / lita.
Mlingo wabwinobwino wa triglycerides amawonedwa kuti ndi wochepera 200 mg / dl, okwera - kuyambira 400 mg / dl kapena kupitirira.
Kutengera ndi zomwe zapezeka, chiopsezo chokhala ndi matenda amtima chatsimikizika ndipo chithandizo choyenera ndi zakudya ndi mankhwala chimayikidwa.
Chifukwa chiyani cholesterol imakwera
Colesterol yathunthu imatha kuwonjezeka chifukwa cha biliary cirrhosis, hyperlipidemia, hypothyroidism, nephrotic syndrome, matenda osokoneza bongo a shuga, kuperewera kwa chiwindi, kuperewera kwa cholestasis, glomerulonephritis, kupezeka kwa zotupa zoyipa za prostate ndi kapamba, uchidakwa.
Zomwe zimayambitsa vutoli ndi kugwiritsidwa ntchito molakwika ndi zakudya zamafuta, matenda amtima, m'mimba, thalassemia, kuchotsa thumba losunga mazira, porphyria, idiopathic hypercalcemia.
Mu matenda aliwonse oopsa, kuchuluka kwa cholesterol yonse kumakwera kapena, mosiyana, kumachepa. Chifukwa chake, ngati munthu akudwala, kuyezetsa magazi kumabwerezedwa pambuyo pa miyezi iwiri kapena itatu.
Miyezi ya lipid yotsika imatha kuonedwa ndi:
- Hyperthyroidism;
- Matenda a chiwindi;
- Malabsorption;
- Kuperewera kwa thupi;
- Kuchepa magazi m'thupi mu shuga;
- Sepsis;
- Matenda a Tangier;
- Hypoproteinemia;
- Matenda a chiwindi;
- Zotupa zoyipa za chiwindi;
- Sideroblastic ndi megaloblastic anemia;
- Matenda oletsa kupuma a m'mapapo;
- Rheumatoid nyamakazi.
Poululira zambiri, ndikofunikira kuchepetsa milingo ya cholesterol yoyipa panthawi kuti tiletse kukula kwa atherosulinosis ndi zovuta zina. Izi zikulepheretsa mapangidwe atsopano a atherosselotic plaque m'mitsempha yamagazi, kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa cholesterol amana, kukulitsa mawonekedwe a mitsempha, ndikuchotsa zigawo zomwe zimalepheretsa magazi kudutsa m'mitsempha.
Izi zimachepetsa chiopsezo cha matenda a mtima, sitiroko, ndi matenda ena. Mitsempha yama coronary, carotid, chamoyo ndi chachikazi, yomwe imayang'anira ntchito yofunikira yamkati ndi ziwalo za thupi, imatsukanso.
Kuti musinthe matendawa, muyenera kusinthanso zakudya zanu, kanani zakudya zamafuta. Tsiku limaloledwa kudya kudzera pazinthu zosaposa 200-300 g ya cholesterol. Zosinthazo ziyenera kuphatikizapo fiber. Wodwala amayenera kukhala wathanzi labwinobwino, kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi pafupipafupi, kukhalabe ndi moyo wathanzi.
Wodwala akayamba kukulira, dokotala amamulembera ma statins. Mankhwala oterewa amachepetsa cholesterol yoyipa, amateteza kugunda kwa mtima komanso sitiroko, komanso amasintha moyo. Mankhwala odziwika kwambiri ndi rosuvastatin, fluvastatin sodium, lovastatin, simvastatin, calcium atorvastatin, pravastatin sodium, rosucard.
Kuphatikiza apo, wodwalayo akulimbikitsidwa kuti azigwiritsa ntchito ma statins ochokera ku masoka achilengedwe, omwe amaphatikizapo vitamini C, B3, adyo, curcumin, mafuta a nsomba, flaxseeds, polycanazole, basil, artichoke, mpunga wophika wofiira, soya, zipatso, masamba ndi zipatso.
About cholesterol akufotokozedwa mu kanema munkhaniyi.
