Ziwerengero zikunena kuti masiku ano matenda oopsa asanduka matenda ofala kwambiri. Nthawi zambiri zimakhudza anthu odwala matenda ashuga, makamaka azaka zopitilira 40, koma pamakhala chiwopsezo cha kupitilirabe kwa matenda a matenda a m'misana ndi zaka zambiri. Kuphatikiza apo, matenda oopsa amathanso kupezeka mwa akazi, ndipo kwa amuna ndizovuta kwambiri.
Matenda oopsa amadziwika ndi kuwonjezeka kwa kuthamanga kwa magazi. Ndikosatheka kuchira kwathunthu ku matenda oopsa, koma matendawa amayendetsedwa bwino. Pazifukwa izi, chithandizo cha mankhwala osokoneza bongo komanso njira zosagwiritsa ntchito mankhwala zimawonetsedwa.
Miyezo ndi magawo a matenda oopsa
Kugawika kwa World Health Organisation kumagwiritsidwa ntchito pazachipatala, malinga ndi iwo pali matenda ena oopsa. Mu digiri yoyamba, tikukamba za matenda oopsa a m'malire, kuthamanga kwa magazi m'gawo kuyambira 140/90 mpaka 160/100 mm Hg. Art.
Mu digiri yachiwiri, amalankhula za kuchuluka kwa matenda oopsa, mwa odwala matendawa amayambira ku 160/100 mpaka 180/110 mm RT. Digiri yachitatu - matenda oopsa, tsopano azindikira kuthamanga kwa magazi pamlingo wopitilira 180/110 mm RT. Art.
Kuphatikiza pa kugawa magawo, magawo a matenda oopsa amakhalanso osiyanitsidwa. Gawo loyamba ndi losachedwa kapena lofupika, chifukwa chake matendawa amatulutsa magazi ochulukirapo.
Zipsinjo zambiri ndizosokonekera:
- wodwala samadandaula zaumoyo;
- thanzi labwinobwino limasungidwa;
- mtima ndi samasokonekera.
Khola limatchedwa gawo lachiwiri la matenda oopsa. Pakadali pano, chifukwa cha kukakamira kowonjezereka, kachere kamanzere kumawonjezeka pang'ono, zosintha zomwe sizimawonedwa. Nthawi zina, kubwezeretsa kwa retinal kumachitika.
Gawo lachi sclerotic limadziwika ndi kusintha kwakukulu kwa ziwalo zingapo zamkati, zizindikiritso za myocardial infarction, kulephera kwa mtima, ndi edema ya optic imadziwika.
Matenda oopsa oopsa nthawi zambiri amakula zaka zambiri, wodwalayo amawona vuto pambuyo poti wawonjezereka, pakafunika chithandizo chautali komanso chovuta kwambiri.
Mtundu woyipitsa matenda oopsa umasiyananso. Amadziwika ndi kupita patsogolo mwachangu, magawo onse amadutsa kanthawi kochepa. Imfa ya munthu imachitika mwachangu kwambiri.
Mosasamala za kuopsa kwa matendawa, kukula kwa zovuta sikumayikidwa pambali. Amawonetsedwa ndi vuto la matenda oopsa, pomwe kuthamanga kwa magazi kumakwera kwambiri. Izi matenda amafunikira kuchitapo kanthu nthawi yomweyo. Makamaka nthawi zambiri matenda oopsa amakhala ndi gawo lachitatu la matendawa.
The pathogenesis ndi etiology yamatendawa imaphatikizapo matenda oyamba ndi owopsa.
Matenda oopsa a pulayimale ndi kudwala kodziyimira pawokha, kwachiwiri - zotsatira za zovuta zowopsa.
Mfundo zoyambirira zamankhwala
Mfundo za mankhwalawa matenda oopsa zimayang'ana gawo ndi kuchuluka kwa matendawa. Maziko a zamankhwala ndi matenda a kukhathamiritsa, kutsika kwa zovuta m'misempha ya mtima ndi mitsempha yamagazi, komanso kupewa imfa.
Kuti athane ndi kuphwanya, amafunika kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala, njira zina zochizira, chotsani zinthu zomwe zimayambitsa mavuto: kulemera kwambiri, cholesterol yayikulu, zizolowezi zoyipa.
Mosasamala kanthu za kuopsa kwa matendawa, dokotalayo amauza kuti azitsatira zakudya zapadera. Zogulitsa ziyenera kulemezedwa ndi magnesium ndi potaziyamu. Amawonetsedwa kuti achepetse mchere wambiri mthupi, ndipo ndibwino kusiya kotheratu.
Anthu odwala matenda ashuga ayenera kuyang'anira kuwonda, kusiya kusuta fodya, osamwa mowa. Musachite popanda zolimbitsa thupi zolimbitsa thupi, izi zitha kukhala:
- akuyenda
- kusambira;
- kuthamanga.
Chithandizo cha matenda oopsa pamafunika kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala, kusankha mapiritsi kumachitika poganizira zomwe zimachitika mthupi la wodwalayo.
Ma diuretics, beta-blockers, angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) zoletsa, angiotensin, calcium block blockers adakhala mankhwala a mzere woyamba. Kuchita bwino kwa ndalamazi kwatsimikiziridwa mobwerezabwereza m'mayesero azachipatala. Pazifukwa izi, amasankhidwa woyamba.
Mankhwala a m'badwo woyamba amaphatikizidwa mu kalembedwe kamankhwala omwe amapezeka kale pa gawo loyamba la matenda oopsa, ngati atatha miyezi 4 yosagwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo zotsatira zake sizikwaniritsidwa. Monga lamulo, kumayambiriro kwa matenda oopsa, chithandizo chimodzi chokwanira.
Pambuyo pake, adokotala amalimbikitsa mankhwala 2 kapena 3.
Chithandizo Chachikulu
Pakapezeka mtundu woipa wa matenda oopsa, kuthamanga kwa magazi kukwera mwachangu, mitsempha ya ubongo, fundus, mtima ndi impso zimakhudzidwa kwambiri.
Pakuphatikiza kwamphamvu kwambiri, ndizoletsedwa kuthamangitsa kwambiri, apo ayi magazi azitha msanga, mavuto obwera chifukwa cha moyo adzachitika. Chifukwa chake, kuchepa kwapang'onopang'ono kwa ziwonetsero zamagazi kumawonetsedwa. Kenako, mwa kulolera bwino, amapitilizabe kuchepetsa zoponderezana, mpaka kufikira malire.
Potere, adotolo akuvomereza kugwiritsa ntchito njira zingapo zamagulu osiyanasiyana, ma algorithm ndi awa:
- diuretic, beta-blocker, ACE inhibitor;
- ACE inhibitor, calcium blocker blocker, diuretic, alpha-blocker;
- beta-blocker, calcium blocker blocker, diuretic, alpha-blocker.
Ngati wodwala matenda ashuga ali ndi matenda a mtima, a impso ndi mtima, amasonyezedwanso matenda opatsirana. Nthawi zina, kuchitidwa opaleshoni ndikofunikira.
Pambuyo pakupeza zotsatira zabwino, wodwalayo ayenera kupitiliza kumwa mankhwala a antihypertensive, kuwonedwa ndi dokotala miyezi isanu ndi umodzi iliyonse.
Umboni wofunika ndikusunga buku mwapadera pomwe zolemba zonse zolembedwa zimalembedwa.
Chithandizo cha matenda oopsa 2
Asanayambe chithandizo, wodwalayo amafufuzanso thupi lonse. Izi zikuthandizani kuti muwone chithunzi chonse cha matendawa, kusintha kwa zomwe zimachitika motsutsana ndi maziko a kuthamanga. Ndizotheka kuti kukambirana kowonjezera ndi neurologist, cardiologist ndikofunikira.
Mndandanda wokhazikika wa mankhwalawa umaphatikizapo diuretics (Diuver, Veroshpiron, Thiazide), antihypertensive mankhwala (Artil, Bisoprolol, Physiotens), mapiritsi olimbana ndi cholesterol (Zovastikor, Atorvastatin), ndi magazi omwe amawonda (Aspecard).
Chofunikira kuti muchitire bwino mankhwala akumwa mankhwalawo pofika ola limodzi. Malingaliro aliwonse amakonzedwera aliyense wodwala. Dongosolo labwino kwambiri, labwino kwambiri silikhala loyenerera munthu aliyense. Ngati ikuthandizira imodzi, ndiye kuti yachiwiri imatha kuvulaza.
Pokonzekera mankhwalawa, dokotala amakumbukira:
- zaka
- moyo (kutanthauzira kwakatikati);
- kukhalapo kwa zovuta ndi matenda ena;
- magazi cholesterol;
- kusintha kwamkati.
Mankhwalawa kapena mankhwala ena omwe sanapikisane ndi wodwala amagwira ntchito bwino limodzi. Komabe, kupewa zotere, nthawi yoyamba mukufunabe kuyang'anira momwe munthu aliri.
Izi zimachitika kuti njira yothandizira mankhwalawa ndi yoyenera - kusintha kwa mankhwala ena ndi ma analogues, ndizotheka kusintha mlingo, kusiya mankhwala.
Mapiritsi opsinjika otchuka
Veroshpiron
Nthawi zambiri, madokotala amakupatsani mankhwala Veroshpiron a antihypertensive, amapangidwa monga mapiritsi, mapiritsi. Piritsi lililonse lili ndi 25 mg yogwira ntchito, m'mapiritsi - 100 mg. Gawo lalikulu la spironolactone, lothandiza: talc, wowuma chimanga, silicon dioxide.
Veroshpiron amasiyana mu wamphamvu hypotensive ndi okodzetsa kanthu. Ubwino wake waukulu ndikusungidwa kwa potaziyamu m'thupi, motero mankhwalawo amatchedwa mankhwala osokoneza bongo a potaziyamu.
The achire zotsatira zimachitika chifukwa cha okodzetsa, chifukwa chake kupanikizika kumachepa. Ndizoyenera kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwalawa ngati edema, kusokonezeka kwa dongosolo la endocrine, edema yam'mimba, matenda oopsa.
Mankhwalawa amatsutsana mu matenda oopsa ndi kusalolera kwa zinthu zazikulu kapena zothandizira. Ndi zoletsedwa kugwiritsa ntchito matenda:
- kulephera kwambiri kwaimpso;
- anuria
- hyponatremia;
- Hyperkalemia
Komanso, simungatenge Veroshpiron pa nthawi yapakati.
Zofananira zamakono zamankhwala ndi Spironolactone, Veroshpilactone. Mtengo wa Veroshpiron umachokera ku ruble 100 mpaka 300, kutengera kuchuluka kwa mapiritsi omwe ali phukusi. Kugulitsa popanda mankhwala kwa dokotala.
Bisoprolol
Mankhwala Bisoprolol amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pothandizira matenda oopsa, ali ndi katundu wakale, antiarrhythmic, hypotensive. Mankhwalawa amaletsa ma beta-adrenergic receptors, amachepetsa kugunda kwa mtima, mtima wake.
Zisonyezero zogwiritsidwa ntchito:
- kulephera kwa mtima;
- matenda a mtima;
- matenda oopsa
- kusokonezeka kwa mtima.
Zotsatira za mankhwalawa zimawonetsedwa pambuyo pa maola 2-3, zimatha osachepera tsiku. Mlingo umasankhidwa kwa odwala matenda ashuga payekhapayekha. Muyenera kumwa mapiritsi musanadye kadzutsa, ndikokwanira kumwa kamodzi patsiku. Piritsi limamezedwa lonse, kutsukidwa ndi madzi ambiri opanda mpweya.
Pa chithandizo, mawonekedwe osafunikira a thupi samasiyanitsidwa.
Izi zitha kukhala kutopa kosafunikira, kufooka, kusokonezeka kwa kugona, migraines, thupi lanu siligwirizana, kukokana kwam'mimba, kuwukira mseru.
Njira zina ndi kupewa
Chithandizo cha matenda oopsa kunyumba chimachitika pogwiritsa ntchito maphikidwe ena a mankhwala. Mbewu ya fulakesi yogwiritsidwa ntchito bwino, uchi wachilengedwe, ndimu. Maphikidwe ambiri amagwiritsa ntchito mankhwala azitsamba, mankhwala.
Muyenera kutenga magawo atatu a motherwort, magawo awiri a rosemary ndi phala louma, gawo la tiyi wa impso. Supuni yayikulu ya osakaniza amayikidwa poto, kutsanulira kapu ya madzi otentha ndikuwotcha madzi osamba kwa mphindi 5. Mbaleyo itakulungidwa ndi thaulo, tsimikizirani maola atatu, imwani katatu patsiku musanadye.
Kugwiritsa ntchito kwa tincture wa calendula kwa nthawi yayitali kumathandizanso kwambiri, kumamwa madontho 30 katatu patsiku. Mutha kusakaniza madzi a uchi ndi uchi molingana, imwani katatu patsiku musanadye, supuni imodzi.
Maphikidwe ena ambiri a kuthamanga kwa magazi apangidwa. Mankhwala, amaloledwa kupatula zosakaniza zomwe wodwala sazikonda, kusiya zovomerezeka zokha.
Pofuna kupewa matenda oopsa, odwala matenda ashuga ayenera kutsatira malamulo osavuta:
- idyani bwino;
- khalani ndi moyo wathanzi;
- lekani zizolowezi zoyipa;
- pitani m'masewera.
Osanyalanyaza malingaliro a madokotala, izi zikugwiranso ntchito kwa anthu omwe ali pachiwopsezo chotenga matenda oopsa. Ndi kuchulukana kwanthawi yayitali ndikutsimikizira za matendawa, ndikofunikira kupewa mavuto osokoneza bongo, zovuta zowopsa ziwalo zamkati.
Matenda a shuga ndi matenda oopsa sangakhale sentensi, ndimankhwala okwanira, ndizotheka kuchotsa zizindikirazi ndikuletsa kupewetsa zovuta.
Momwe mungathanirane ndi matenda oopsa uuza katswiri muvidiyoyi.
