Atherosulinosis ndi matenda osakhazikika, opita patsogolo mosakhazikika a m'mitsempha momwe cholesterol yowonjezera imadziunjikira khoma lamankhwala ndikupanga zolembera.
Kukhazikika kwa zinthu zatsopano papulogalamu yomwe ilipo kumabweretsa kuyambitsa matenda osafunikira m'sitimayo, kuwonda kwa khoma lake ndi kufinya kuunika kwake.
Chomaliza ndichofunika kwambiri, chifukwa kupendekeka kwa mitsempha yotalikirana kumapangitsa kuti magazi azisokonekera komanso ischemia (kusowa kwa mpweya) wa ziwalo zogwirizana.
Ziwalo zazikuluzikulu zomwe zimavutika ndi izi ndi ubongo, mtima, impso, matumbo ndi miyendo yotsika.
Zomwe zimayambitsa matendawa
Kukula kwa atherosulinosis kumatha kuyambitsa zifukwa zambiri. Pakadali pano, kafukufuku sanayime motsimikiza zomwe zimayambitsa matenda. Ofufuzawo amafufuza zinthu zingapo zomwe zingayambitse kuwoneka ngati matenda.
Zina mwa izi, izi:
- Kudziwiratu kwam'tsogolo - zochitika za atherosulinosis mwa abale apafupi zimawonedwa nthawi zambiri. Izi zimatchedwa "mbiri yolemetsa yabanja";
- Kunenepa kwambiri - sizothandiza kwa wina aliyense kuti awonjezere kilogalamu, ndipo kwa atherosulinosis ndi vuto lalikulu, chifukwa kunenepa kumapangitsa mitundu yonse ya kagayidwe, kuphatikiza lipid metabolism;
- Kumwa mowa kwambiri - kumakhudza ziwalo zonse ndi mitsempha yamagazi, pang'onopang'ono kusintha kapangidwe kake;
- Kusuta - chikonga chimawonongera m'mapapo, kumawonjezera kupezeka kwa khoma la mtima, kumapangitsa kuti chikhale chochepa kwambiri komanso chochepa;
- Amuna amayamba kuzindikira mawonetseredwe oyamba a atherosulinosis pafupifupi zaka 10 m'mbuyomu kuposa azimayi, ndipo amadwala kanayi konse;
- Age - imagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri pakukula kwa matendawa, chifukwa pambuyo pa zaka 40 thupi limayamba kugwiritsidwa ntchito ndi matenda;
- Matenda a shuga mellitus mwina ndi chimodzi mwazifukwa zowopsa, chifukwa shuga imayamba kuwonongeka kwa ziwiya zazing'ono komanso zazikulu (micro- ndi macroangiopathy), zomwe zimangoyambitsa kuwonekera kwa mapangidwe a atherosclerotic m'makoma awo;
- Moyo wapaulendo - ndi zochitika zochepa zolimbitsa thupi, munthu aliyense pang'onopang'ono amayamba kulemera, kenako njirayi imadziwika kale;
- Zoyipa zilizonse za lipid metabolism, makamaka - kuchepa kwa kuchuluka kwa osachulukitsa lipoproteins, omwe ali "abwino", osati atherogenic cholesterol;
- Metabolic syndrome ndi dzina lodziwika bwino la zinthu monga matenda oopsa, kunenepa kwambiri kwam'mimba (mafuta ambiri m'mimba), triglycerides komanso kulekerera kwa glucose (kungakhale harbinger wa shuga mellitus);
- Kupsinjika kwapafupipafupi, zokumana nazo, zowonjezera pamalingaliro - chifukwa cha iwo, kupsinjika kumawonjezeka, ndipo zotengera, zimayang'aniridwa kwambiri.
Kuyenera kudziwidwa padera kuti pamaso pa matenda otsatirawa, atherosulinosis imatuluka ndi chithunzi cha chipatala ndipo imakhala yovuta kwambiri.
Matendawa ndi awa:
- Matenda a shuga;
- Matenda oopsa;
- Kunenepa kwambiri
- Matenda a Raynaud;
- Fibrillation yoyeserera;
Kuphatikiza apo, gulu ili la matenda limaphatikizapo zolakwika za mtima.
Zizindikiro za atherosulinosis
Zizindikiro zamatenda a atherosulinosis zimadalira kwambiri malo omwe maselo a atherosrance amalembedwe, ndiye, pomwe chombo chinawonongeka. Mu thupi laumunthu, madokotala amatenga chitukuko cha matendawa m'malo omwe ali kale. Zida zazikulu komanso zazing'onoting'ono zokhala ndi yosalala yosenda minyewa zimatha kutenga matendawa.
Izi ziwiya mthupi ndi:
- Mitsempha yama coronary.
- Aorta.
- Zombo zapamadzi.
- Mitsempha ya Mesenteric (kapena mesenteric).
- Mitsempha yammbali.
- Mitsempha yam'munsi.
Iliyonse mwa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zombo zokhala ndi mawonekedwe ake imakhala ndi mawonekedwe ake mu mawonekedwe a anatomical.
Zinthu za anatomical kapangidwe zimakhudza kwambiri matendawa ndikuwonekera kwake mthupi, zomwe zidasintha.
Kutengera ndi ziwiya ziti zomwe zimakhudzidwa, mitundu ingapo ya matenda amasiyanitsidwa, yomwe imasiyana pakawonekedwe kazizindikiro kazizindikiro pakukula.
Vuto la mtima ndi mawonekedwe a atherosulinosis
Mitsempha yama coronary - imanyamula magazi okhala ndi mpweya wabwino kumtima. Zikaonongeka, myocardium simalandira mpweya wokwanira, ndipo izi zimatha kudziwoneka ngati mawonekedwe a angina.
Angina pectoris ndi chiwonetsero chachindunji cha matenda a mtima (CHD), omwe odwala amamva kupweteka kwamphamvu, kupweteka kovuta kumbuyo kwa sternum, kufupika ndi mantha komanso kufa. Angina pectoris amatchedwa angina pectoris.
Zizindikiro zotere nthawi zambiri zimachitika pakulimbitsa thupi mosiyanasiyana, komabe, poyenda mwamphamvu, zimatha kusokoneza pakupuma. Kenako amapezeka ndi kupuma kwa angina pectoris. Kuwonongeka kwakukulu m'mitsempha kumatha kubweretsa kulowerera kwam'mnyewa wamtima - necrosis ya "necrosis" ya malo a myocardial. Tsoka ilo, pafupifupi theka la zochitika, vuto la mtima likhoza kufa.
Aorta - Khola lalikulu kwambiri lomwe limakhudza kwambiri. Pankhaniyi, madandaulo a odwala amatha kukhala osamveka, mwachitsanzo, chizungulire, kufooka wamba, nthawi zina kukomoka, kupweteka pang'ono pachifuwa.
Mitsempha yamagazi (mitsempha ya ziwalo) - ili ndi chizindikiro chotchulidwa. Odwala amasokonezedwa ndi kuchepa kwa kukumbukira, amakhala okhudza mtima kwambiri, kusintha kwawo kumasintha nthawi zambiri. Pakhoza kukhala ndi mutu komanso kanthawi kochepa owonongeka a cerebrovascular (osakhalitsa akuwukira ischemic). Kwa odwala otere, chizindikiro cha Ribot ndichikhalidwe: amatha kukumbukira molondola zomwe zinachitika zaka khumi zapitazo, koma sitinganene konse zomwe zinachitika tsiku limodzi kapena awiri apitawa. Zotsatira za kuphwanya kotereku sizabwino - kugwa kwam'mimba kumatha kuchitika (imfa ya gawo laubongo).
Mitsempha ya Mesenteric (kapena mesenteric) - pamenepa, zotengera zodutsa m'matumbo am'mimba zimakhudzidwa. Izi zimachitika kawirikawiri. Anthu azikhala ndi nkhawa ndi zowawa zam'mimba, matenda ammimba (kudzimbidwa kapena kutsegula m'mimba). Zotsatira zopitilira muyeso zimatha kukhala kugunda kwa mtima m'matumbo, komanso pambuyo pake.
Mitsempha ya impso ndi njira yofunika kwambiri. Choyamba, odwala amayamba kuwonjezera kukakamiza, ndipo ndizosatheka kuti muchepetse mothandizidwa ndi mankhwala. Awa ndi omwe amatchedwa kuti aimpso (sekondale, chisonyezo). Pakhoza kukhalanso kupweteka m'dera lumbar, kusokonezeka pang'ono pokoka. Njira yayikulu ikhoza kutsogolera kukula kwa impso.
Mitsempha yam'munsi yotsika - izi zimaphatikizapo zachikazi, popliteal, tibial ndi mitsempha ya kumbuyo. Awo atherosulinosis nthawi zambiri imathetsa, ndiye kuti, kubowola lumen kwa chotengera.
Chizindikiro choyamba ndi "intermittent claudication" syndrome - odwala sangayime kwa nthawi yayitali osayima. Nthawi zambiri amayenera kusiya chifukwa amadandaula kuti thupi ndi miyendo yake yakomoka, dzuwa likuwoneka, khungu lotuwa kapena ngakhale cyanosis, kumverera kwa "tsekwe". Zokhudza madandaulo ena, omwe nthawi zambiri amasokoneza kukula kwa tsitsi pamiyendo, kuwonda pakhungu, mawonekedwe a zilonda zam'mimba zosachiritsika, kusintha kwa mawonekedwe ndi mtundu wa misomali.
Kuwonongeka kochepa kwambiri pakhungu kumayambitsa zilonda zam'mimba, zomwe pambuyo pake zimayamba kukhala zowonda. Izi ndizowopsa kwa odwala matenda ashuga, chifukwa chake ndikulimbikitsidwa kuti asamalire mapazi awo, kuvala nsapato zosasunthika, osapsa mapazi awo ndikuwasamalira.
Mphamvu zamkati mwa zotumphukira za m'munsi zitha kupezekanso.
Njira yodziwitsa atherosulinosis
Kuzindikira kwa atherosclerosis kumakhazikitsidwa m'njira zingapo. Choyamba, madandaulo a wodwala amayesedwa, kutengera ndi iwo, munthu akhoza kungoganiza kumene zosinthazo zinachitika. Kuti muwonetsetse matenda oyambira, njira zogwiritsira ntchito zasayansi ndi zothandizira zimayikidwa.
Pakati pa njira zofufuzira zasayansi, kuyesedwa kwa biochemical magazi, komwe kumayesa kuchuluka kwa cholesterol yonse. Nthawi zambiri ndi atherosulinosis, imachulukitsidwa. Chikhalidwe cha cholesterol chonse ndi 2.8-5.2 mmol / L. Kuti mumve zambiri mwatsatanetsatane wazomwe lipid imapangidwira magazi, lipid mbiri imayikidwa. Zimawonetsa milingo yamitundu yonse ya lipids m'thupi lathu:
- cholesterol yathunthu;
- otsika osalimba lipoproteins ("yoyipa" cholesterol);
- otsika kachulukidwe lipoproteins;
- kachulukidwe kachulukidwe lipoproteins;
- highensene lipoproteins ("wabwino" cholesterol);
- triglycerides;
- ma chylomicrons.
Kusintha kwa mawonekedwe a lipid ndikuwonjezereka kwa kuchuluka kwa lipoproteins yotsika komanso kuchepa kwa chiwerengero cha lipoproteins yapamwamba.
Kuti muwone bwino odwala, amatumizidwa kuti awone ngati ali ndi vuto loyesa () kuti atulukire mosemphana ndi zina zotere), intravascular ultrasound, complication tomography (CT) ndi imagonance imaging (MRI).
Njirazi zimakupatsani mwayi kuti muwone kukhalapo kwa kusintha kosiyanasiyana mumapangidwe amitsempha yamagazi, kudziwa kuchuluka kwa stenosis yawo (kuchepetsa) ndikuletsa kuwonongeka kwina.
Njira zochizira matenda a atherosulinosis
Chithandizo cha atherosulinosis ndi njira yayitali komanso yovuta.
Kuchita zochizira kumafuna kuwonekera kwa nthawi yayitali kuchokera kwa wodwala komanso kwa dokotala.
Chithandizo cha matendawa chimafuna magawo omveka komanso njira yolumikizira.
Njira zochizira zimagwiritsidwa ntchito:
- Mankhwala.
- Chithandizo cha zakudya.
- Zochita zolimbitsa thupi.
- Kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala azikhalidwe
- Kupewa kufalikira kwa njirayi.
Kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo a atherosulinosis kumaphatikizapo kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ochepetsa mphamvu ya lipid (kutsitsa kuchuluka kwa lipids, makamaka cholesterol).
Awa ndi magulu a mankhwalawa monga Statins (Atorvastatin, Rosuvastatin, Akorta), Fibates (Fenofibrate, Bezofibrat), anion exchange resins (Cholestyramine, Colestipol) ndi kukonzekera kwa nicotinic acid (Nicotinamide, Vitamini B3).
Ndikwabwino kumwa mankhwalawa musanagone, chifukwa cholesterol yochuluka kwambiri imapangidwa ndi thupi lathu usiku. Kugwiritsa ntchito mavitamini, michere ndi zinthu zina, zomwe zingathandize kuti magazi azithamanga komanso kuti achepetse zovuta, timalimbikitsidwanso. Ma Antispasmodics (Papaverine, No-Shpa), omwe amachepetsa mitsempha yamagazi, amagwira ntchito bwino.
Chakudya chopezeka ndi cholesterol chimasankha kuphatikiza fodya, mchere, chakudya chokazinga, chakudya china chilichonse chothamanga, maswiti, mchere wambiri, nyemba, mafuta akunenepa. M'malo mwake, tikulimbikitsidwa kudya masamba ndi zipatso zambiri, zipatso zosiyanasiyana, nyama yochepa yamafuta, nsomba zam'madzi ndikumwa pafupifupi malita ndi theka a madzi oyeretsedwa patsiku.
Kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi ndikofunikira kuti muchepetse thupi komanso kulimbitsa thupi lonse. Kulemera mopitirira muyeso kumayambitsa chiwopsezo cha matenda amtundu wa 2, momwe zombo zimavutikira, ndipo ngakhale chotupa cha atherosulinotic sichidzawathandiza. Potere, kuyenda tsiku lililonse kwa theka la ola kumalimbikitsidwa. Mutha kuchita nthabwala zopepuka, osati zolimbitsa thupi kwambiri, monga kulimbitsa thupi.
Zithandizo za anthu ndizabwino kwambiri kuthandizira kunyumba. Ikhoza kukhala nthomba za fulakesi, mafuta owonda, ma infusions ndi ma decoctions ochokera ku zitsamba zosiyanasiyana. Zowonjezera pazamoyo (zowonjezera zakudya) ndizoyenera.
Kupewa kwa atherosulinosis ndikupewa kupitirira kwa matendawa. Kuti muchite izi, muyenera kusiya zizolowezi zoipa (kumwa mowa ndi kusuta), kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi, kutsatira zakudya komanso kusakhala ndi mantha.
The pathogenesis of atherosulinosis ikufotokozedwa mu kanema munkhaniyi.
