Kuphwanya njira za kagayidwe kachakudya mthupi, makamaka mapuloteni ndi lipid, zomwe zimayambitsa kuwonongeka kwa ziwiya zamtundu wamtundu wa blockage, kumatchedwa atherosclerosis. Ili ndi gawo logawika kwambiri ku Europe ndi America, zomwe ndi zaka za odwala - ndizoposa zaka makumi asanu.
Atherosclerosis iyenera kusiyanitsidwa ndi arteriosulinosis. Zoyambirira zimangokhala kagulu ka omaliza. Arteriosulinosis ndi njira yodziwika ndi kufalikira kwa mitsempha yamatenda osiyanasiyana: yotupa, monga syphilis, matupi awo, monga periarteritis kapena poizoni, mukamamwa mankhwala.
Atherosulinosis imayamba chifukwa cha kuphwanya kwamphamvu kwa mafuta ndi mapuloteni.
Asayansi amasiyanitsa malingaliro amtunduwu wa chitukuko cha atherosulinosis:
- Kusintha, ndiye kuti, kusintha kwa kuchuluka kwa mapuloteni ndi lipids. Kuwonjezeka kwa cholesterol, kapena, kachigawo kakang'ono kokhala nako, kumabweretsa kukula kwa matendawa. Palinso kachigawo kakakulu ka ma cell lipoproteins, omwe m'malo mwa cholesterol mumakhala ma phospholipids. Lipid kagayidwe m'thupi limakhala kugwiritsa ntchito cholesterol popanga kuti lipoprotein lipotrotein yapamwamba kwambiri. Dongosololi limathandizira kagayidwe ka lipid, ndipo zikawonongeka, cholesterol imayamba kudziunjikira.
- Hormone wodalira. Amakhulupilira kuti shuga imakhudza bwino kukula kwa zolembedwa zamatenda, ndi hyperthyroidism - mosinthanitsa. Izi zimachitika chifukwa cha kukoka kwa zinthu zazinthu zogwira ntchito pakhoma la mtima.
- Hemodynamics - mosakayikira, kuwonjezeka kwa kuthamanga kwa magazi komanso kupezeka kwamitsempha, kumapangitsa kuti chitukuko cha atherosulinosis chifooketse mphamvu ya mitsempha.
- Kupsinjika - zochitika zamanjenje ndi zotsutsana zimayambitsa kukula kwa mitsempha yolumikizidwa, yomwe imawonetsedwa ndi kuwonjezeka kwakuthwa kwa mavuto.
- Khoma lamitsempha ndilimodzi mwazinthu zotsogola, chifukwa zolembera pamitsempha yomwe ikukhudzidwa zimayamba kupanga mwachangu. Matenda akuluakulu omwe amakhudza mitsempha ya magazi ndi a arteritis, thrombosis komanso kuledzera.
Kuphatikiza apo, pali lingaliro lakukhazikika kwa matendawa, poganizira za chibadwa chamtsogolo. Pamaso pa matenda monga mabanja hyperlipoproteinemia, pomwe anthu am'banja limodzi amakhala ndi atherosulinosis adakali aang'ono. Izi ndichifukwa choti alibe ma receptor omwe amayang'anira kugwiritsa ntchito cholesterol m'chilengedwe.
Limagwirira a chitukuko cha matenda
Mawu akuti "atherosulinosis" akuwonetsa tanthauzo la matendawa. Zimatanthawuza kuti kuchuluka kwa lipid kumawonekera mu lumen ya ziwiya, zomwe pakapita nthawi zimakula ndi minyewa yolumikizana, yomwe imasowetsa chotengera.
Matendawa samakhudza mitsempha yonse, koma mitsempha yokha komanso zotanuka zokha komanso zotsekemera, zomwe zimaphatikizapo mitsempha yayikulu komanso yapakatikati. Mitsempha yaying'ono siyikhudzidwa ndi matendawa.
Monga matenda aliwonse, pathanatomy ya atherosulinosis ili ndi magawo ake a chitukuko, omwe amalolera wina ndi mnzake:
- Malo amafuta ndi gawo loyamba la chitukuko. Malo awa sawoneka m'makoma amitsempha popanda chosakanikirana ndi utoto wotchedwa Sudan, ndipo musatulutse pamwamba pa chimfine. Choyambirira ndicho kuwonongeka kwa khoma lakunja kwa msempha. Izi zikuchitika chifukwa chakukakamizidwa kwambiri mmenemo. Pakapita nthawi, chidendene chimatha kulowa m'mizeremizere, kuphatikiza ndi zotupa zapafupi.
- Zilala zowoneka bwino ndizochita zachikasu zomwe zimatuluka mu chithaphwi cha mtsempha. Amakonda kuphatikiza ndikukhala ndi chitukuko chosiyana, kotero chotengera chomwe chakhudzidwacho chimawoneka ndi tubidal pamakonzedwe a pathomorphological. Nthawi zambiri, m'mimba komanso thoracic aorta, mitsempha ya impso, mitsempha ya mesenteric ndi minyewa yam'munsi yam'munsi imakhudzidwa.
- Mavuto omwe amachitika pamalo opezeka zolembedwazo akuimiriridwa ndi kuphwanya kwa milomo ya lipid. Izi zimabweretsa kutaya magazi, mapangidwe a magazi ndi zilonda zam'mimba. Pambuyo pa izi, kufalikira kwa ziwiya zazing'ono za thupi kumachitika ndi kukula kwa njira za pathophysiological - necrosis kapena kugunda kwa mtima.
Kupachikidwa ndigawo lomaliza la zomwe zikuchitika. Pakadali pano, mchere wamkati umayikiridwa, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zolembazo zikhale zonenepa. Izi zimayipitsa chotengera, zimapangitsa kuti ntchito yake ithe ndikuwonongeka kwa magazi.
Calcation wa atherosulinosis amathandizidwa kuchipatala cha opaleshoni.
Kupenda ma Microscopic
Ndikakuyang'anirani pang'ono, mutha kuganiza za kusintha kwa zinthu zina. Kusintha konse mu ziwiya zosiyanasiyana kumakhala kosiyana. Njirayi imadziwika ndi kutsatira momveka bwino komanso magawo.
Amalumikizidwa ndi pathological anatomy:
- Gawo la Dolipid - limadziwika ndi kusintha kwa kagayidwe kazomwe kamayambitsa kukula kwa zolengeza. Uku ndikuwonjezereka kwa kuchuluka kwa cholesterol ndikuchepa kwa chiwerengero cha lipoproteins yapamwamba. Kuphatikiza apo, imakhala ndi zotupa khoma la mtima, kutupa, edema, kudzikongoletsa kwa ulusi wa fibrin ndikuwonongeka kwa endothelium (mkati mwa maselo), zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale mawanga a lipid. Gawoli limatha kukhala miyezi ingapo mpaka zaka zingapo.
- Lipoidosis amadziwika ndi kuphatikizika kwa lipid pamtunda wonse wamadzi, pomwe mawanga amakonda kuphatikiza, omwe amakulitsa dera lomwe lakhudzidwalo. Mafuta, odzikundikira m'maselo, amasintha kapangidwe kake, amatembenuka chikasu ndipo amatchedwa xanthomas.
- Lipossteosis - yodziwika ndi kukula kwambiri kwa maselo a xanthoma, omwe amatsogolera kutupa kwawo mu lumen ya chombo. Fomu lamkaka lamkati. Ali ndi mitsempha yake yamagazi yomwe imamudyetsa. Umu ndi momwe zinthu zimakhalira ndi zotupa zoyipa.
- Atheromatosis - zolembera kuwola. Nthawi zambiri amayamba pakati, pang'onopang'ono kusunthira kufupi.
Gawo lomaliza, atherocalcinosis, ndikumanga kwa calcium ayoni kwa magulu a carboxyl omasuka omwe amapangika pakuwonongeka kwa chidikacho. Calcium phosphate imapangidwa, yomwe imakonzekera.
Kudalira Kwachipatala pa Kutukuka
Atherosulinosis imatchulidwa molingana ndi kutchukitsa.
Anatomically, mitundu ingapo ya matenda amasiyanitsidwa, kutengera bedi lamitsempha lomwe lakhudzidwa.
Mu thupi pali mitundu ingapo ya mabedi amitsempha omwe amakhudzidwa ndi njira ya pathological.
Zotengera momwe matenda amapezekera:
- The aorta ndiye chotengera chachikulu m'thupi. Nthambi zambiri zing'onozing'ono zimachoka kwa icho kuchokera ku ziwalo zosiyanasiyana. Nthawi zambiri kuposa ena, m'mimba imakhudzidwa. Popeza pali zovuta zambiri mu aorta, zovuta zingapo zimakhalapo: thromboembolism, vuto la mtima, gangrene. Nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi aneurysm - uku ndi kusokonezeka kwa khoma la msempha ndikutulutsa matumba amwazi ndi ma sacs omwe magazi amadziunjikira. Panthawi inayake, khoma la aneurysm limasweka, mawonekedwe okhetsa magazi ambiri ndipo munthu amafa pakapita mphindi.
- Atherosulinosis ya chotupa cha mtima ndi matenda oopsa, omwe pafupifupi 100% ya milandu imabweretsa kubadwa kwa myocardial infarction, chifukwa kuphwanya kwa magazi kumtima komanso kuchepa kwa okosijeni kwa myocardium.
- Atherosulinosis ya mitsempha yaubongo imatsogolera kukulitsa kwa ischemic stroke, yomwe imapangidwa chifukwa chotseka kuthamanga kwa magazi m'chigawo china cha ubongo. Komanso, chifukwa cha njala yayitali ya okosijeni, hypoxia ya cortex yam'mimba imayamba, mphamvu yake ya mtima komanso kukula kwa dementia kapena dementia. Poterepa, munthu amalephera kuganiza, njira yoloweza pamtima imasokonekera.
- Atherosulinosis ya mitsempha ya impso imayambitsa kutsika kwa kupezeka kwa mpweya wawo. Zotsatira zake, impso parenchyma imachepa, ma nephrons amafa, ndipo kulephera kwa impso kumayamba. Komanso kuwonongeka kwa mitsempha ya impso kumabweretsa kukula kwa chiwonetsero chazira, pamene dongosolo la renin-angiotensin, lomwe limayang'anira kuthamanga kwa magazi, limagwira nawo ntchito.
- Kuwonongeka m'matumbo amitsempha kumabweretsa ischemia yake yayitali. Mapeto ake, necrosis imayamba, yomwe imayambitsa kutupa kwa peritoneum kapena peritonitis.
Atherosulinosis ya mitsempha yachikazi imatha kupangidwanso mthupi. Uku ndikuyenda pang'ono. Amadziwikanso ndi kukhazikika kwa kolala yamitsempha yowonjezera, komabe, ndi kufalikira kwathunthu kwa mtsempha wamagetsi, necrosis ndi gangrene kumayamba, komwe kumawopseza kudula dzanja.
Zofooka zingapo mu khoma la mtima
Atherosulinosis ndi osowa mu mtsempha uliwonse. Nthawi zambiri pamakhala mafupa angapo owumba. Poterepa, hemodynamics ya thupi lonse la munthu imavutika. Zizindikiro za multifocal atherosulinosis zitha kukhala zosiyanasiyana, kutengera malowa.
Ngati msempha wawonongeka, kupweteka kumatha kusunthira - kuchokera pachifuwa kupita m'mimba, kudzipangitsa kukhala ngati matenda a mtima, corostal neuralgia, gastritis, chapamimba kapena duodenal ulcer, enteritis.
Ngati magazi atha kumalekezero amakhudzidwa, pakhoza kukhala ndi chizindikiro cha kusokonezeka kapena kutayidwa.
Cerebral arteriosulinosis imawonetsedwa ndi kupweteka kwam'mutu komanso kukumbukira. Zizindikiro zonsezi zimatha kuphatikizana, kukhala zofanana ndi matenda osiyanasiyana, kupangitsa kuti chithandizo chazachipatala chizivuta.
Makina amakina otulutsa magazi ndi kutuluka kwa magazi. Kwa mtima, uku ndi kusakhazikika kwa angina, komwe kumawonetsedwa ndi kupweteka kumbuyo kwa sternum panthawi zosiyanasiyana za tsiku ndikudutsa pakokha pakapita nthawi.
Pankhani ya ubongo, uku ndikuwukira kwakanthawi, komwe kumawonetsedwa ndi kudutsa kwa ubongo: kulephera kukumbukira, kusokonezeka kukumbukira kukumbukira ndi zolakwika zamagalimoto.
Ndi kuwonongeka kwa ziwiya zam'munsi, kulumikizana kwapang'onopang'ono kumayamba. Ichi ndi chikhalidwe pamene ululu umapezeka mu mwendo wokhudzidwa ndikuyenda kwakutali.
Kuphatikiza apo, kulimba kwambiri, kufupikitsa mtunda ndikofunikira.
Vasipu wolakwika prophylaxis
Popewa kukula kwa atherosulinosis ndi zovuta zina zokhudzana, ndikofunikira kutsatira malamulo osavuta a kupewa.
Ndiosavuta komanso yosavuta kupha.
Kunyumba, amapezeka kwa aliyense.
Madokotala omwe amapezekapo amalimbikitsa odwala omwe ali ndi matenda awa:
- Sinthani chakudyacho - chepetsani kuchuluka kwamafuta, kusiya zakudya zamafuta ochepa, chimanga, masamba. Ndizothandiza kuonjezera kudya kwa zipatso monga maapulo ndi malalanje - zimakhala ndi ascorbic acid, yomwe imakhala ndi phindu pamaboma amitsempha yamagazi;
- Chezani pafupifupi kotala la ola limodzi pa zamasewera - itha kukhala poyenda paki kapena masewera olimbitsa thupi mutadzuka;
- Zizolowezi zoipa za Abandon monga kusuta fodya kapena mowa. Amawononga mitsempha yamagazi ndikuthandizira pakukula kwamapulogalamu;
- Kupewa kupsinjika ndizovuta, koma ndizotheka. Zochita monga yoga kapena kusinkhasinkha zingathandize. Njira zopumira popumira zimangotenga mphindi zochepa, koma zimathandiza kuthetsa nkhawa komanso nkhawa. Izi zimathandizidwanso polumikizana ndi nyama zapakhomo, chifukwa cha chomwe endorphin imamasulidwa, yomwe imakhala gawo la prophylactic motsutsana ndi matenda oopsa oopsa omwe ali ndi vuto lalikulu la mtima.
Kuphatikiza apo, kuchuluka kwa zotsekemera muzakudya ziyenera kuchepetsedwa, chifukwa zimathandizira kukulitsa shuga.
Matendawa amakhudza mitsempha ya magazi chifukwa chowonjezera glucose imayenda momasuka m'magazi.
Momwe mungachiritsire atherosclerosis akufotokozedwa mu kanema m'nkhaniyi.
