CHIWINDI CHIMAGWIRA NTCHITO M'THUPI LA MUNTHU - MATENDA A SHUGA

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Malingaliro amtundu ndi kapangidwe kake ka chiwindi

Mwa kukula kwake komanso kulemera kwake, chiwindi chimakhala mtsogoleri pakati pa ziwalo zamunthu. Kulemera kwake ndi pafupifupi 1.5 makilogalamu, ntchito zake zimawerengeredwa m'makhumi ambiri, komanso kusintha kosiyanasiyana kwamankhwala am'thupi - mazana. Ndi mtima wokhawo womwe umatenga gawo lofunikira kwambiri. Kulephera kwathunthu kwa chiwindi kumatsogolera ku kufa kwa munthu mkati mwa masiku awiri kapena awiri, ndipo zolakwika zimawoneka ndi matenda akulu ndi zovuta zina m'magulu ena a thupi.

Mawu akuti chiwindi amachokera ku mnofu "uvuni." Kutentha mu minyewa ya chiwalo kumafika madigiri 39, koma komwe dzinalo limavuta kulitsata modalirika. Sizokayikitsa kuti makolo athu akale amatha kudziwa kutentha, ngakhale kuti m'mbuyomu anthu amadziwa kale za chiwindi m'thupi. Mankhwala amakono aphunzira mwatsatanetsatane chinthucho komanso zochita zake.

Chimbudzi, kufalikira kwa magazi, kagayidwe, kuphatikiza njira za mahomoni, ndimagawo a ntchito ya chiwindi, komwe ndi chiwalo komanso chiwalo.

Malo a chiwindi amatha kutchedwa chapakati, ndikusunthira kumanja. Mphepete yake yakutsogolo imafanana ndi kotakata kolowera kumanja, mwendo womwe umadutsa pachifuwa, ndipo hypotenuse imayenda mosadukiza kuyambira mulingo wamanzere wamanzere kupita ku hypochondrium yamanja. Nthawi zambiri mawonekedwe a tinthu tambiri timayerekezera ndi kapu yokhotakhota, yomwe m'malire mwake imakhazikika pansi pa diaphragm.

Chiwindi chimagawidwa m'magulu anayi:

nyumba zazikulu ziwiri - kumanja ndi kumanzere,
zing'onozing'ono ziwiri - lalikulu ndi lamatayala, pafupi kwambiri kumbuyo.

Minofu ya chiwalo imakhala ndi maselo - hepatocytes, omwe amakhala m'magulu mazana a lobules 1-2 mm kukula. Zovala zobayira zimazunguliridwa ndi mitsempha yamagazi, m'momwe magazi amayenda kuchokera kumitsempha yayikuluyo ndi chotupa chake. Kuyenda kwa magazi ndikokhazikika, mosalekeza ndipo kumachitika mwachangu pafupifupi lita imodzi pamphindi. Pakati pa hepatocytes pali bile canaliculi omwe amayenderera m'magulu ang'onoang'ono am'mimba, ndikupanga ndulu zazikulu za bile.

Zachilengedwe zinapereka thupi lotetezedwa ndi mawonekedwe opepuka ndi chitetezo pamawonekedwe omwe amakhala pafupi ndi mawonekedwe ake onse. Nthawi zambiri munthu samasamala komanso kusamala ngati chiwindi cholimba, chosagwira ntchito. Ambiri amadziwa kusokonezeka mbali yakumanja atatha kudya ndi kumwa kwambiri, zomwe zimawonetsa kusokonezeka kwamankhwala m'thupi. Kudziwa ntchito za chiwindi kungathandize kukhala ndi thanzi komanso kumvetsetsa ubale ndi ziwalo zina zamthupi, makamaka ndi kapamba.

Ntchito zofunika kwambiri za chiwindi

1. Kulowetsani chimbudzi

Chiwindi chimapanga chinsinsi cha biologically yogwira - bile, yomwe ili ndi enzymatic ntchito. Kuchokera pa 1 mpaka 1.8 malita a bile amapangidwa patsiku. Gawo laling'ono lamadzimadzi limalowa mwachindunji m'matumbo, chochulukitsa mu chikhodzodzo cha ndulu kuti isungidwe ndikusinthika. Pakukonzekera chimbudzi, bile limabisidwa mwachangu kuchokera mu chikhodzodzo mu duodenum kuti imalepheretsa ntchito ya chapamimba pepsin ndikuthandizira michere ya pancreatic juice. Ma enzymes eni enieni amatha:

kuwononga mafuta
kuwonjezera matumbo
perekani mayamwidwe amino acid, mavitamini, mchere wamchere,
ziletsa kupanga tizilombo toyambitsa matenda.

2. Kupereka magazi

M'mitsempha ya chiwindi mumakhala magazi osinthika pafupipafupi, omwe amatsikira pakanthawi kochepa kwambiri pakuchepa kwa magazi chifukwa chakuchepa kwa magazi kapena vasospasm. Kuchuluka kwa nkhokwe ndi pafupi 10% ya magazi athunthu mthupi la munthu.

Mtsempha wama hepatic umakhudzana ndi magazi kupita kwa kapamba, ndipo chotupa cham'mimba chimatuluka mwachindunji mu chotupa cha chiwindi. Kufalikira kwa magazi m'ziwalo zonsezi kumachitika limodzi. Kukhala bwino kapena kudwala kwa m'modzi wa iwo kumakhudza mwachindunji ntchito ya mnzake.

3. Kuchuluka kwa shuga

Panthawi ya magazi ndi shuga, chiwindi chimakhala ngati mtsuko kapena malo okumbika, ndikupanga kudzikundikira kwake monga glycogen. Itha kuthyolidwa ku glucose ndikuwapangidwanso m'magazi panthawi yofunikira ya kuperewera kwa chakudya. Chiwindi chimatha kupangira shuga kuchokera ku glycerol ndi amino acid. Njirayi imatchedwa gluconeogeneis, ndiyofunikira kwambiri panthawi ya hypoglycemia.

4. Kutulutsa ndi kusintha kwa magazi

Mukakonza chakudya ndi madzi, zinthu zapoizoni zimapangidwa m'thupi zomwe sizigwirizana ndi chiwindi. Chimbudzi chachilengedwe chimaphatikizidwa ndi kuvunda komanso kupindika m'matumbo. Magazi omwe amadzaza ndi poizoni amasefedwa ndi hepatocytes ndipo pambuyo poti kuyeretsa kumayamba kuzungulira magazi mozungulira. Zoyipa sizimalowerera ndipo zimachotsedwa m'thupi. Detoxization ndondomeko ndi zotsatizana zovuta komanso zobisika zomwe zimachitika mu labotale yachilengedwe.

Mankhwala ophera tizilombo, mankhwala osungira, matenda a enterovirus, zinthu zovulaza zachilengedwe zimawonjezera katundu pa chiwindi nthawi zambiri. Ngati mowa, nikotini, mankhwala osokoneza bongo awonjezeredwa kwa izi, ndiye kuti katunduyo amatha kuchuluka kwambiri. Chiwindi chimazindikira chisamaliro ndipo chimatha kuchira ngati munthu chateteza ndikuthandizira machitidwe oyeretsa.

5. Mapuloteni

Chiwindi chimayendetsa kagayidwe kazakudya ndikudziyimira pawokha mapuloteni ofunika a plasma:

amapangidwa pano albinzofunikira pakugwiritsa ntchito ma capillaries. Kuphatikizika kwawo kosafunikira kumakhala kokhazikika ndi chiwindi, ndipo kuchepera kumadzazidwa msanga.
ma globulins oyambitsa chitetezo chamunthu.
fibrinogen imapereka mapangidwe osindikiza a magazi ngati angawononge mitsempha.

Chiwindi ndi chomwe chimapangira kupanga kwazinthu zambiri zamagazi, kutsimikizira kuphatikizika.

6. Mawonekedwe a mavitamini ndi chitsulo

Mavitamini A, D, B12 amasungidwa m'ziwindi za chiwindi, ndikupanga malo osungirako omwe athetse ndikuchotsa kuchepa kwa vitamini kwa miyezi yambiri ikubwera.

Ferritin - Fomu yapadera yosungirako chitsulo ndi chiwindi - chinthu chofunikira chokhudzana ndi hemoglobin m'magazi.

Matenda a shuga ndi chiwindi

Kuchepa kwa magazi ndi chiwindi dystrophy, kusintha kwa hepatocytes yogwira ndi minyewa ya adipose amadziwika kuti ndiwopseza kwambiri matenda a shuga a mtundu 2. Mankhwala akhazikitsa mgwirizano wamphamvu pakati pakuphatikizika kwamafuta m'chiwindi ndi insulin kukana, mawonekedwe a hyperglycemia m'thupi. Ndi matenda ashuga okhazikika, chiwindi chimagwera pansi pa matenda. Matenda a shuga amasintha ntchito za michere ya chiwindi, zimawonjezera chiopsezo cha matenda amafuta, fibrosis ndi cirrhosis yotsatira.

Kuyang'anitsitsa mkhalidwe wa chiwindi uyenera kukhala lamulo kwa wodwala yemwe ali ndi matenda ashuga. Kuzindikira kwakanthawi kumathandiza kupewa kapena kuzindikira njira zoyipa, kuchepetsa zotsatira zake. Kuyesa kwa magazi a biochemical, ultrasound, computer tomography, MRI - njira zamtunduwu zapamwamba zimapereka chithunzi cholondola cha chiwindi. Ntchito yofunikira pakuthandizanso kwa matenda ophatikizidwa ndi hepatoprotectors - mankhwala amakono omwe amapangidwira kuthana ndi kutupa ndi kusinthanso maselo.

Zoyenera kuti magwiridwe antchito a chiwindi cha wodwala matenda ashuga ndi:

kulanga zakudya
kutsatira malingaliro a endocrinologist ndi wazakudya,
kutsika kwa kuchuluka kwa chakudya chamagulu m'zakudya,
shuga
kukhalabe ndi chiwerengero choyenera kutalika ndi kulemera kwa thupi,
zolimbitsa thupi zolondola
kupatula mowa.

Kutha kwa ma hepatocytes kusinthika ndi chinthu chapadera, mphatso yachilengedwe kwa munthu. Zochita zamankhwala zimatsimikizira kuthekera kopeza zotsatira zofunika ndi chikhumbo chofunitsitsa cha munthu kupereka chithandizo chabwino ku chiwindi chake.

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