MATENDA A SHUGA NDI KAPAMBA

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Palibe magawo ofunikira m'thupi la munthu. Kachitidwe ka ziwalo kapena chiwalo chimodzi chaching'ono - mtengo wawo ndi wofanana.

Tizilombo taumoyo ndi maziko a moyo wopanda mavuto.

Koma tiziwaso timasiyana ndi ziwalo zomwe zili mgulu labwino komanso kusowa kwa "kufuna" kudzipulumutsa. Kulephera kumayambira m'modzi - ndipo chamoyo chonse chimakhala cholakwika.

Chifukwa chake kusowa kwa pancreatic kumatha kubweretsa zotsatira zoyipa za matenda ashuga. Ndipo onse chifukwa ndi timadzi tomwe amasiya kupanga.

Timaphunzira zambiri za momwe insulin imabadwira komanso momwe fakiteriya ya mahomoni "Pancreas" imagwira ntchito.

Chitsulo chokhala ndi zinsinsi

Pancreas (apa - Zikondamoyo) amatanthauza chimbudzi, chikugwirira ntchito chimbudzi komanso chimbudzi. Amazindikira mitundu iwiri ya zinsinsi:

kugaya enzyme pancreatic madzi
mahomoni

Zikondwererozo zimapezeka m'malo otetezedwa a m'mimba. Ili pakati pamimba, imagwira kwambiri duodenum, ndipo imafikira ku ndulu. Matumbo amapita mozungulira mutu wake, ndikupanga "kavalo". Kuchokera kumbuyo, malowa amatsimikiziridwa ndi I-II lumbar vertebrae.

Anatomy agawa gawo lobedilo m'magawo atatu:

mutu
thupi
mchira.

Mwa munthu wamkulu, kutalika kwa kapamba kumayambira 14 mpaka 22 cm, makulidwe ake amakhala pafupifupi 3 cm, ndipo chiwalo chimalemera 70-80 g.

Zosiyanasiyana mosiyanasiyana zimadutsa mu ndulu ndikuyenda mu duodenum.
Mtundu wathanzi ndi imvi.

Ntchito ya pancreatic

Ntchito ya procrine

Ntchito yapakhungu ya kapamba ndikupanga ma enzymes omwe amathandizira kugaya chakudya ndikupatula mapuloteni, zakudya ndi mafuta kuchokera pamenepo.

Lipase, amylase ndi proteinase zili mu chinsinsi chowoneka bwino (madzi a pancreatic), omwe amaphatikizidwa pamodzi ndi acini wa kapamba ndi masamba ake.

Amylase amawononga gawo lama carbohydrate
Trypsin, trypsinogen ndi proteinase ndiwo amachititsa mapuloteni
Lipase imakhudza zakudya zamafuta ambiri

Acini - mawonekedwe ozungulira (ma 100-150 maikolofoni), amakhala ndi dipatimenti yachinsinsi (fakitale ya enzyme) ndi choyikirapo chophatikizira.

Tsiku lililonse, kapamba amatha kupangira madzi okwanira malita awiri pa liwiro la 4.7 ml pamphindi.

Chizindikiro cha kudzipatula kwa ma enzymes ndikulandila kuchokera m'mimba kulowa mu duodenum yazinthu zopangidwa ndi madzi a m'mimba. Kupanga kwa madzi a pancreatic kumatheka pambuyo pakatha mphindi 2-3 chakudya chikayamba ndipo umapitilizabe mu maola 6 mpaka 14.

Kutalika kwake kumatengera kuchuluka kwa chakudya chake komanso kuchuluka kwake. Kwambiri acidity ya chakudya yokonzedwa ndi zinsinsi zam'mimba, madzi ambiri amapangidwa, omwe amakhala ndi zamchere. Mu duodenum 12, iwo amatenga (alkalize) chimbudzi.

Zikondazo zimagwira ntchito "mwadongosolo", ndiye kuti zimatulutsa enzyme, yambiri yomwe imafunikira kugaya chakudya chomwe chimatumizidwa kuchokera m'mimba kupita ku duodenum panthawiyo.

Panthawi ya michere yovuta, matumbo ochepa amatenga gawo lolowa. Nthawi yomweyo, michere yamoto imapitilirabe kulowerera mu mpweya womwewo, ndipo mafuta ndi mapuloteni amalephera.

Ntchito ya endocrine

Pakati pa acini alipo zisumbu zapanchipi za Langerhans - endocrine gawo la gland. Maselo a insulin omwe amapanga zilumba izi amapanga:

insulin
glucagon
somatostatin
vasoactive matumbo polypeptide (VIP)
pancreatic polypeptide

Mu kapamba wa munthu wamkulu, kuli timabwalo pafupifupi 200 miliyoni.

Matenda a pancreatic

Insulin

Popanda insulini, njira za metabolic m'matupi onse a thupi zimataya gulu. Magazi omwe kuchuluka kwa shuga amawopseza kuwonjezeka amakhudzidwa makamaka.

Insulin imapangitsa kuti michere ya plasma ikhale yovomerezeka m'magazi, imalimbikitsa kukhathamiritsa kwake (glycolysis) ndikupanga mphamvu yosungirako - glycogen. Chifukwa cha insulin, thupi limapanga mafuta ndi mapuloteni kwambiri ndipo limaphwanya mafuta ndi chakudya chochepa kwambiri cha glycogen.

Nthawi zambiri, insulini imapangidwa malinga ndi kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi a m'magazi. Ngati maselo a beta kapamba amakana kutulutsa insulini - pali mtundu 1 wa shuga. Matenda a shuga a Mtundu Wachiwiri (kuchepa kwa insulin) kumachitika ngati insulin imagwira bwino ntchito minofu.

Glucagon

Hormone iyi imapangidwa maselo alpha kapamba, atachepetsa kwambiri kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi kulembedwa. Zochita zake ndizosemphana ndi insulin.

Glucagon imaphwanya glycogen wambiri wa chiwindi ndikuwonjezera chiwindi kuti chiwonjezeke. Ndipo ziwalo zina ndi magazi, kuchuluka kwa glucose kumawonjezeka mphindi.

Kupanda kukwana kwa glucagon kumabweretsa hypoglycemia.

Somatostatin

Horm yomwe imalepheretsa somatotropin (kukula kwa mahomoni). Pali zochitika zasayansi zomwe zikuwonetsa kupititsa patsogolo kupanga kwa somatostatin kuti tilepheretse kukula kwa zotupa zoyipa.

Mu kapamba, mahomoni amachepetsa kupanga insulin ndi glucagon.

Pancreatic Polypeptide

Mpaka pano, ntchito yake siyingalembedwe. Asayansi akukhulupirira kuti PP ndiyo imayambitsa "kupatsirana" kwa mitsempha komanso chifukwa cha malamulo a parasympathetic.

Kafukufuku wokhudzana ndi kuchuluka kwa PP amakupatsani mwayi kuti mupeze matenda osiyanasiyana a kapamba.

Vasoactive matumbo a polypeptide

Polypeptide iyi "imadziwa momwe" ingakhazikitsire minofu yosalala mu kachitidwe konse - kuchokera m'mitsempha yamagazi kupita ku sphincters.

Kuperewera kwenikweni kwa insulin kapena wachibale, ndiko kuti, kuphwanya kapangidwe kake, kumabweretsa kuwonjezeka kwa shuga (m'magazi) m'magazi mpaka pamlingo wovuta. Ma cell a pancreatic beta ndiwo amachititsa vuto. Kusatha kwawo kumapangitsanso kukula kwa matenda ashuga.

Kuwopsa ndi Kuthekera

Matenda am'mimba ndi m'mitsempha yamagazi, moyo wosayenera, komanso kupsinjika kwakukulu kumakhudza zikondwerero, ndipo chifukwa chake, amakana kutulutsa mahomoni ake akuluakulu.
Atherosulinosis imadzetsa kusokonezeka kwa magazi. Makhalidwe amakhudza zochita za metabolic.
Matenda komanso mahomoni a chipani chachitatu amalepheretsa ntchito ya pancreatic.
Chuma chambiri komanso kuchepa kwa mapuloteni ndi nthaka zimapangitsa chitsulocho kukhala chopanda ntchito.

Jakisoni wokhazikika wa insulin amathandizira kulipirira kusowa kwa pancreatic. Pali kutengera njira yachinsinsi.

Mlingo umasiyana malinga ndi momwe carbohydrate metabolism ilili, zakudya ndi masewera.

Mwa izi, Mlingo wapadera umakhazikitsidwa: 0,5 - 1 unit pa kilogalamu ya misa patsiku.
Njira zopitilira patsogolo zothandizira odwala omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga zimaphatikizanso kuyambitsa kwa basal (zochita nthawi yayitali) ndi ma insulin osakhalitsa. Basal imayambitsidwa m'mawa ndi madzulo, itangotha chakudya chilichonse, yokhala ndi chakudya.

Matenda a shuga sangathe. Asayansi samatsimikizira kuti zitha kubwezeretsanso ntchito yopanga insulin mu kapamba. Chifukwa chake, kupewa matenda ndikothandiza 99% kuposa chithandizo.

Kupewa kwa Matenda a Pancreatic

Mkhalidwe woyamba wa kugwira ntchito koyenera kwa kapamba ndi mtundu wa chakudya.

Mwabwino, tikulimbikitsidwa kupatula 80% ya mafuta a nyama yanthawi zonse. Chimbudzi chawo chimafuna kuti gland igwire mphamvu zake zonse ndikutulutsa michere yambiri. Kuchita kukakamiza pafupipafupi kwa madzi a pancreatic kumabweretsa chakuti chamba chimayamba kudzimbidwa chokha. Pali kutupa - kapamba. Amatchedwanso "matenda oledzera."

Mowa umachepetsa ziwiya zomwe zimadyetsa kapamba ndipo zimakwiyitsa kufa kwa maselo opanga ma cell. Ngati pali miyambo yokhazikika ya mowa wambiri wa chiwindi, ndiye kuti kapamba ndizochepa kwambiri kuti amatha kufananizidwa ndi pakhosi. Makamaka chidwi ndi zakumwa zoledzeretsa mwa akazi. Chifukwa chake, akatswiri amalimbikitsa kuti iwo omwe amateteza kapamba wawo kusiya mowa ndi kusuta (monga njira ya vasoconstrictor) kwathunthu.

Kukhala kosavuta kuti gland itulutse ma enzymes olondola ngati mukuzolowera.

Masewera, mtendere ndi chakudya zimapereka zabwino kwambiri kupewa.

Ndiye kuti, zakudya zingapo zimayenera kudyedwa nthawi iliyonse nthawi imodzi. Njira yabwino ndikusunga kuchuluka kwa chakudya, mapuloteni ndi mafuta osasinthika tsiku lililonse chakudya cham'mawa, nkhomaliro komanso chakudya chamadzulo.

Timasamalira chilichonse chomwe timaganizira katundu wathu. Yakwana nthawi yowonjezera kakang'ono ka masentimita 12 mndandanda wazinyumba, magalimoto ndi maakaunti azinthu zakunja. Amakhulupirira kuti kapamba wathanzi amakhala wokwera mtengo kuposa ma depositi onse ndi zitsulo zamtengo wapatali. Tsopano popeza mukudziwa kufunikira kwake ndi zomwe zimachita, zidzakhala zosavuta kuti mudzisunge kuti mukhale ndi moyo wabwino.

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