LEMBERANI MANKHWALA A SHUGA ATATU - NJIRA NDI NJIRA ZOCHIRITSIRA

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Matenda a shuga a Mtundu Wachiwiri ndi mtundu wachilengedwe kwambiri wa metabolic. Pali mankhwala ambiri (pankhaniyi, mapiritsi) omwe amalembedwa ndi madokotala a matenda amtundu wa II: ndikofunikira kuti aliyense wodwala matenda ashuga komanso munthu yemwe akuyembekezeka matendawa amvetsetse kapena akhale ndi lingaliro lenileni la mapiritsi otere.

Zambiri za matenda a shuga

Kuchiza matenda ashuga ndi njira yovuta kwambiri yomwe nthawi zina imatenga moyo.

Osati nthawi yomweyo akamazindikira matendawa, madokotala amatenga mankhwala. Pachigawo choyamba, achire zotsatira zimachitika pogwiritsa ntchito zakudya, kusintha kwaumoyo, ndi njira zina. Komabe, nthawi zambiri mankhwalawa a mtundu wachiwiri wa shuga sapitilizidwa ndimankhwala.

Kuphatikiza pa insulin, magulu otsatirawa a mankhwalawa amagwiritsidwa ntchito:

Mapiritsi omwe amachititsa chidwi cha maselo pazovuta za insulin;
Pancreatic zokupatsani mphamvu
Mapiritsi omwe amalepheretsa kuyamwa kwa shuga;
Mapiritsi omwe amayendetsa hamu ndi kukhudza magawo ena a ubongo;
Mankhwala aposachedwa kwambiri.

Mankhwala okhala ndi vutoli amatha kuthandizira pakakhala mtundu wa shuga wachiwiri.

Chithandizo cha matenda a shuga a mtundu I sichitanthauza kuti kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo pokhapokha. Pazomwe zimachitika kawirikawiri, mapiritsi ngati Siofor kapena Glucofage amagwiritsidwa ntchito mtundu 1 wa shuga kwa odwala omwe ali ndi kunenepa kwambiri. Mulimonsemo, nkhaniyo imasankhidwa ndi adotolo.

Mankhwala omwe amalimbikitsa chidwi cha insulin: mawonekedwe ndi katundu

Odwala ambiri omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga a mtundu II, insulin imapangidwa mokwanira, kapenanso kuposa momwe zimakhalira. Vutoli ndikumverera kochepa kwa maselo ku timadzi timeneti. Vutoli limatchedwa insulin kukana, ndipo kukonza kwake ndi imodzi mwazinthu zazikulu zothandizira mankhwala.

Mankhwala oyenera komanso otchuka kwambiri a matenda a shuga a 2 ndi mapiritsi omwe amathandizira chidwi cha insulin.

Mapiritsi oterewa amayimiriridwa ndi magulu awiri azamankhwala:

khalimon
khwawa.

Gulu lirilonse la mankhwalawa lili ndi zovuta zake komanso zomwe timakambirana mwatsatanetsatane.

Milaz

Thiazolidinediones ali ndi zotsatirazi zochizira:

Kuchepetsa chiopsezo cha mitsempha ya mtima;
Kuchepetsa chiopsezo cha hypoglycemia;
Sinthani kapangidwe ka magazi (makamaka, lipid sipekitiramu);
Amakhala ndi chitetezo pamaselo a beta a kapamba;
Zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati njira zodzitetezera ndi anthu omwe ali ndi vuto la shuga komanso odwala matenda a shuga.

Zoyipa za mankhwalawa ndi:

Kulemera;
Kutupa kwamiyendo;
Chiwopsezo chowonjezeka cha mafupa, ndipo chifukwa chake - mafupa amtundu wa azimayi nthawi ya kusamba;
Kutalika koyamba kopanda tanthauzo lililonse pakumwa mapiritsi;
Mtengo wokwera.

Mankhwala osokoneza bongo a gululi amapatsirana kwa anthu omwe ali ndi matenda a chiwindi, matenda a mtima komanso matenda a mtima, odwala omwe ali ndi vuto la edema, komanso amayi apakati komanso oyembekezera. Simungathe kuphatikiza mankhwalawa ndi insulin.

Mankhwala otchuka a thiazolidinedione ndi awa:

Pioglar, aka Pioglaraz (Pyoglar) - mtengo wokwanira mumafakisi ndi ma ruble 800;
Actos (Actos) - mtengo wa pafupi ma ruble 650.

Biguanides

Ubwino wama mankhwala a gulu lino ndi:

Palibe zimakhudza kulemera kwa thupi;
Kuwongolera kapangidwe ka magazi (kutsitsa kuchuluka kwa cholesterol);
Kuchepetsa chiopsezo cha hypoglycemia;
Kuchepetsa chiwopsezo cha matenda a mtima mwa odwala onenepa;
Mtengo wololera.

Zoyipa zamapiritsi a gululi ndizochepa.

Pogwiritsa ntchito nthawi yayitali, pamakhala kusamva bwino pakam'gaya chakudya m'mimba ndi matumbo. Mapiritsi ochokera ku gulu la Biguanide amalembedwa kwa anthu omwe ali ndi vuto la chiwindi, odwala ndi zidakwa, amayi oyembekezera.

Mankhwala odziwika kwambiri a gulu la Biguanide:

Siofor (Siofor) - mtengo wokwanira wa 300 p .;
Glucophage (Glucophage) - mtengo: kuchokera pa 130 p .;
Metfogamma (Metfogamma) - kuchokera ku 130 r.

Pancreatic zokupatsani mphamvu

Pofuna kupangitsa kuti insulini ikhale ndi β-cell ya kapamba, mapiritsi a magulu awiri a mankhwala amagwiritsidwa ntchito:

zochokera sulfonylurea,
meglitinides.

Sulfonylureas

Kukonzekera kwa Sulfonylurea kuli ndi izi:

Chitanipo kanthu mukangomaliza kugwiritsa ntchito;
Kuchepetsa chiopsezo cha mitsempha ya mtima;
Amakhala ndi zoteteza ku impso;
Khalani ndi mtengo wotsika.

Chododometsa chachikulu cha mtundu uwu wa mankhwalawa ndikukula kwa kapamba, womwe umachepetsa kwambiri mphamvu ya mankhwalawa. Kuphatikiza apo, odwala ena amawona kulemera kwakanthawi.

Mankhwala odziwika kwambiri m'gululi ndi:

Diabetes (Diabeteson) - mtengo wa 320 p .;
Maninil (Maninil) - mtengo wa 100 p .;
Amaril (Amaril) - 300 tsa.

Meglitinides

Kukonzekera kwa gululi ndikofanana muubwino wawo wogwiritsira ntchito sulfonylurea: amawongolera shuga bwino mukatha kudya, chitani zinthu mwachangu.

Kuphatikiza apo, mapiritsi amtunduwu amatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito ndi anthu omwe ali ndi vuto losadya.

Zoyipa zake zimaphatikizira kukondoweza thupi, kudalira pakumwa mankhwala osokoneza bongo pakudya, kusowa kwa mayesero azachipatala ndi kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala kwa nthawi yayitali. Zotsutsana ndizofanana ndi zakale.

Mankhwala odziwika kwambiri amtundu uwu:

Novonorm (Novonorm) -330 p .:
Starlix (Starlix) - 400 r.

Ena a endocrinologists amatsutsa kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala omwe amakhudza kapamba, chifukwa izi zimapangitsa kuti ziwalo zomwe zatha msanga. Udindowu uli ndi zifukwa zomveka: popeza mtundu wachiwiri wa matenda a shuga suchitika nthawi zonse chifukwa cha kuperewera kwa insulin, kupangika kwa mahomoni ambiri sikungathandize momwe maselo sangayambukiridwe. Komabe, liwu lomaliza popereka mankhwala limakhalabe ndi adokotala, yemwe amayesa kuganizira zonse zomwe zimakhudzana, kuphatikizapo zomwe zanenedwa pamwambapa.

Receptor agonists ndi alpha glucosidase zoletsa

Mankhwalawa ndi achatsopano (adayamba kugwiritsidwa ntchito kuzungulira 2000s) ndipo sanaphunzirebe mokwanira.

Cholinga chakugwiritsa ntchito kwawo ndikuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa glucose mutatha kudya, koma mankhwalawa ochokera ku gulu la Biguanide amathanso bwino pantchito imeneyi.

Komabe, mukamagwiritsidwa ntchito limodzi ndi Siofor ndi Glucofage, mankhwalawa monga Galvus, Onglisa, Glucobay ndi Januvia akhoza kukulitsa mgwirizano. Nthawi zina madokotala amatipatsa mankhwala a gululi monga othandizira ku chithandizo chachikulu.

Choipa chachikulu cha mankhwala aposachedwa ndi mtengo wawo wokwera mtengo. Kuphatikiza apo, ena a iwo ayenera kuyikiridwa m'thupi.

Malangizo ambiri a matenda a shuga

Odwala omwe ali ndi matenda amtundu wa II amakonda kuchedwetsa chithandizo cha insulin ndi jakisoni kwa nthawi yayitali, akukhulupirira kuti ndizotheka kupeza chithandizo popanda kugwiritsa ntchito mahomoni. Awa ndi machitidwe olakwika, omwe angayambitse kukulitsa zovuta zazikulu monga kugunda kwa mtima, phazi la matenda ashuga, kuchepa kwa mawonekedwe, mpaka khungu.

Chifukwa chake, ngati adotolo akuvomerezani kuti muyambe kulandira mankhwala a insulin, simuyenera kuyesa kukonza vutoli mwakuwonjezera milingo ya mapiritsi. Pazachipatala cha matenda a shuga, chinthu chachikulu ndikuchita mokhulupirika malangizo onse a dokotala.

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