KODI SHUGA UMAKHUDZA BWANJI THUPI LATHU? - KUWONGOLERA MATENDA A SHUGA

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Mulingo wa shuga (glucose) m'madzi am'magazi ndi lingaliro lalikulu kwa odwala omwe ali ndi matenda amtundu wa II komanso mtundu II. Mkulu wa glucose nthawi zambiri ndiye chizindikiro chokhacho cha matenda. Malinga ndi zamankhwala, 50% ya odwala omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga amangodziwa za pathology ikafika magawo opita patsogolo komanso ovuta.

Tiyeni tiyese kudziwa chifukwa chake kuchuluka kwa mafuta m'thupi la wodwala kumakhala kofunikira kwambiri pamoyo wa munthu, ndipo pazifukwa ziti pali kusokonezeka kwa shuga m'thupi. Tipezanso kuti ndi ziti zomwe zikuwonetsa kuchuluka kwa shuga, komanso momwe masinthidwe amachitidwe amakhudzira thupi.

Magawo a shuga ndi shuga

"Shuga m'magazi" ndi dzina lodziwika bwino la kuchuluka kwa glucose omwe amasungunuka m'madzi oyenda m'matumbo.

M'malo mwake, kuchuluka kwamphamvu kwa glucose ndiko chiwonetsero chachikulu cha matenda ashuga - kagayidwe kachakudya matenda. Matendawa, makamaka, ali ndi njira zambiri zopititsira kukhazikitsidwa ndi zizindikiritso zambiri, koma chizindikiro chachikulu ndicho "shuga wambiri".

Mwazi wamagazi ndi mtengo womwe odwala matenda ashuga amafunika kuwunika pafupipafupi (kuyeza komanso kutsata njanji).

Kuwunika kuchuluka kwa chakudya chamagulu am'madzi ndi imodzi mwazinthu zazikulu zothandizira odwala omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga.
Gawo lachiwiri ndi chithandizo cha insulin (ngati akuwonetsedwa ndi madokotala). Insulin ndi timadzi timene timayendetsa shuga. Mu matenda a shuga, insulini m'thupi siyokwanira, kapena maselo samayankha moyenera.

Onse apamwamba komanso otsika a m'madzi a plasma nawonso ndi osafunikira kwa thupi, koma ngati kuchepa kwa shuga kungathetsedwe mosavuta muzochitika zambiri, ndiye kuti kuchuluka kwa mafuta oopsa kumakhala kowopsa.

Nthawi zina, mankhwala okhazikika amafunikira kukonza hyperglycemia: anthu omwe ali ndi matenda apamwamba a shuga amapangira jakisoni wambiri wa insulin: izi zimachotsa kuphatikiza kwa chakudya. Pachigawo choyambirira, zizindikiro za matenda ashuga zimatha kuchotsedwa ndi kudya moyenera komanso kukonza zolimbitsa thupi.

Kagayidwe ka chakudya m'thupi

Ntchito yayikulu ya glucose m'thupi ndikupereka maselo ndi minyewa yamphamvu kwambiri pothandizira thupi.

Amakhulupirira kuti maselo amitsempha amafunikira shuga ochulukirapo koposa zonse, koma, palibe dongosolo limodzi lamthupi lomwe lingachite popanda chakudya.

Tilembapo zinthu zofunika kwambiri za kagayidwe kachakudya mu thupi la munthu:

Glucose amalowa m'magazi kuchokera m'matumbo ndi chiwindi (glycogen imapezeka m'chiwindi - malo a polysaccharide, omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati pakufunika);
Dongosolo loyendetsa magazi limanyamula shuga m'thupi lonse - chifukwa chake, maselo ndi minofu imapatsidwa mphamvu;
Kulowetsedwa kwa glucose m'magazi kumafunikira kukhalapo kwa insulin, yomwe imapangidwa ndi ma pancreatic β-cell;
Mukatha kudya, kuchuluka kwa shuga kumakwera mwa anthu onse - koma mwa anthu athanzi kuwonjezeka kumeneku sikokwanira ndipo sikumatha.

Thupi nthawi zonse limayang'anira kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi, ndikukhala ndi homeostasis (bwino). Ngati kufanana kwa mankhwalawa sikukwaniritsidwa, ndipo zolephera zotere zimachitika pafupipafupi, ma endocrinologists amalankhula za kukhalapo kwa matenda ashuga - matenda akulu a kagayidwe kachakudya.

Chifukwa chake ndikofunikira kudziwa mulingo wanu wa shuga

Mkhalidwe womwe misempha ya shuga imakwezedwa imatchedwa hyperglycemia, ndipo shuga wochepetsedwa amatchedwa hypoglycemia.

Kuti mudziwe mulingo wanu, kusanthula kumodzi sikokwanira. M'pofunika kuchita zitsanzo zingapo masiku osiyana komanso nthawi zosiyanasiyana patsiku, komanso pamimba yopanda kanthu komanso mukatha kudya. Ngati kuyesedwa kumawonetsa kuti "shuga amakwezedwa," pali chifukwa chilichonse chokayikira shuga.

Ku Russia, shuga wa m'magazi amayeza mililiamu pa lita imodzi (mmol / l). Ku Europe ndi USA, miyezo imapangidwa mu milligrams pa desilita (mg / dts). Sikovuta kutanthauzira zizindikiro zina kukhala zina: 1 mmol / L ndi 18 mg / dl.

Mitengo ya shuga idadziwika kale -3.9-5 mmol / l

Pambuyo kudya kwa ola limodzi, ziwerengerozi ndizokwera pang'ono (5.1-5.3). Mwa anthu athanzi, zomwe zimakhala ndi shuga zimasiyana mkati mwa malire awa, koma nthawi zina (munthu akudya mophatikiza ndi zomanga thupi) amatha kufikira 7 mmol / l. Pa anthu odwala matenda ashuga, zizindikiro zoposa 7 ndi mpaka 10 zimawerengedwa kuti ndi zovomerezeka. Ndi mfundo zoterezi, chithandizo chapadera sichimalembedwa nthawi zonse, chimangokhala zakudya. Ngati mulingo uli pamwamba pa 10, madokotala amafunsa funso lokhudza mankhwala.

Zomwe aliyense ayenera kudziwa zokhudzana ndi shuga:

Mitengo ya shuga ya plasma ndi yofanana kwa mibadwo yonse ndi anyamata;
Pambuyo pazaka 40, ndikofunikira kuyang'ana zomwe zili ndi shuga chaka chilichonse;
Zakudya zamafuta ochepa ndizopewera kupewa matenda ashuga;
Matenda a shuga samachitika nthawi yomweyo - prediabetes imayamba isanachitike: izi zitha kuthandizidwanso ndi chakudya chamagulu.

Kuchuluka kwa glucose ndi chithandizo cha insulin ndizovuta zina zomwe zimadza chifukwa cha matenda ashuga omwe ali patsogolo. Pakadali pano, mankhwala sangachiritse odwala matenda ashuga kwathunthu. Komabe, ngati mumatsata zakudya, kuyang'anira pafupipafupi komanso osaphonya jakisoni, mutha kupewa zizindikiro zazikulu za hyperglycemia ndi zovuta zomwe zimayambitsidwa ndi shuga wambiri.

Kuyimba kwa shuga: Zotsatira

Kusasinthasintha kulikonse (homeostasis) m'thupi kumabweretsa matenda. Kusiyanako si glucose.

Hyperglycemia ndi hypoglycemia zimayambitsa kuwonetsa kowawa, komwe nthawi zambiri kumabweretsa zovuta zosachiritsika kapena kulumala.

Shuga wapamwamba

Chikhulupiriro chodziwika bwino chakuti matenda ashuga ndicho chifukwa chodya kwambiri maswiti sichowona konse, koma chilidi ndi njere yabwino.

Glucose akamakula pang'onopang'ono, insulin imapangidwanso pang'ono ndi pang'ono. Koma chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa chakudya chamafuta ambiri, mamolekyulu a shuga ambiri amalowa m'magazi, thupi limayankha ndikuwonjezeranso insulin kuti igwetse shuga.

Ngati kuchuluka kwa shuga ndi insulin kukupitilira pafupipafupi kwa zaka zingapo, zikondamoyo zimatha. Thupi limatulutsa insulini yolakwika kapena timadzi tating'onoting'ono tomwe timatha kulimbana ndi glucose yemwe amalowa mthupi.

Kuphatikiza apo, ndi index yayitali kwambiri ya glycemic, munthu amakula mkhalidwe womwe umatchedwa insulin kukana: kuchuluka kwa insulin komanso kusowa koyenera kwa ma receptor. Kukana ndi kukhalapo kwa nthawi yayitali kumatha kusintha mtundu wa shuga II.

"Shuga wamkulu" - osati nthawi zonse chizindikiro cha matenda ashuga. Nthawi zina shuga wambiri amatha chifukwa cha:

Kugwiritsa ntchito kwakanthawi mankhwala ena (corticosteroids, antidepressants);
Kukomoka kwa adrenal;
Matenda
Kupsinjika kwakanthawi;
Matenda a pituitary gland.

Zizindikiro zazikulu za hyperglycemia ndi ludzu, kukodza mwachangu, khungu louma, kupenya kwamaso, kugona, kusokonezeka ndimatenda, machiritso a bala. Zizindikiro zonsezi zimawonetsa gawo la metabolic metabolism. Kuchuluka kwa shuga komwe kumakweza kwambiri kumayambitsa kuwonongeka kwa mitsempha yamagazi, kuwonongeka kwa impso, kuchepa kwa mawonekedwe, kuchepa kwa mitsempha (kuwonongeka kwa mitsempha).

Mavuto owopsa kwambiri omwe ali ndi shuga wamkulu: hyperglycemic coma, ketoacidosis (poyizoni wa thupi ndi zinthu za metabolism).

Shuga wotsika

Hypoglycemia nthawi zambiri imayamba chifukwa cha kuperewera kwa zakudya kapena zosayenera, katundu wambiri (mwakuthupi komanso m'maganizo). Zakudya zokhala ndi index yayikulu ya glycemic (maswiti ndi ma carbohydrate othamanga) zimayamba kukulitsa shuga, koma kenako zimayambitsa kutsika kwake, zomwe zimabweretsa zotsatira za pathological.

Moyipa "shuga wochepa"

ulesi
kufooka
kugona
mutu
dzanzi la miyendo
njala yosalekeza.

Chithandizo cha hypoglycemia wokhazikika ndichomwe chimapatsa thanzi zakudya zina pang'ono.

Aliyense akuyenera kuwongolera mndandanda wa glycemic, koma makamaka anthu omwe ali ndi vuto la matenda ashuga. Njira yothandiza kwambiri yosungira homeostasis ndikutsatira zakudya, kusintha zomwe zimapezeka mu menyu, ndikuwunika pafupipafupi kuchipatala.

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