Kodi ndingabale ndi matenda ashuga?

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Kubadwa kwa mwana m'magazi a shuga ndi njira yomwe amakumana nayo mokulira. Padziko lapansi, pali azimayi awiri awiri mwa azimayi 100 oyembekezera omwe ali ndi vuto la metabolism. Popeza chidziwitsochi chimayambitsa zovuta zingapo za kubereka komanso zimatha kusokoneza thanzi la mayi ndi mwana wamtsogolo, komanso zimayambitsa kumwalira kwawo, mayi woyembekezera panthawi yonse ya bere (gestation) ali m'manja mwamphamvu ndi dokotala wazamankhwala ndi endocrinologist.

Mitundu ya matenda ashuga pakatha nthawi

Mu shuga mellitus (DM), zomwe zimakhala m'magazi zimatuluka. Vutoli limatchedwa hyperglycemia, limachitika chifukwa cha kupundika kwa kapamba, momwe kapangidwe ka insulin kamasokonezekera. Hyperglycemia imakhudza ziwalo ndi minyewa, imakhumudwitsa kagayidwe. Matenda a shuga amatha kupezeka mwa amayi nthawi yayitali asanakhale ndi pakati. Potere, mitundu yotsatira ya matenda ashuga imayamba kukhala mwa amayi oyembekezera:

  1. Mtundu 1 wa shuga mellitus (wodalira insulin). Zimachitika mwa msungwana ndili mwana. Maselo a kapamba wake sangatulutse kuchuluka kwa insulin, ndipo kuti apulumuke, ndikofunikira kuti mudzazidwe ndi kuperewera kwa timadzi timeneti tsiku lililonse mwa kumabayitsa m'mimba, scapula, mwendo kapena mkono.
  2. Mtundu wa shuga wachiwiri (osadalira insulini). Zomwe zimayambitsa ndikubadwa kwa thupi komanso kunenepa kwambiri. Matenda a shuga oterewa amapezeka mwa amayi atakwanitsa zaka 30, chifukwa chake anthu omwe amawadziwikiratu ndikuwachedwetsa kubereka azaka zakubadwa makumi atatu ndi mphambu zitatu, ali kale ndi matendawa akabala mwana wawo woyamba. Ndi matenda amtunduwu, insulin yokwanira imapangidwa, koma kuyanjana kwake ndi minofu kumasokonekera, zomwe zimabweretsa kuchuluka kwa glucose m'magazi.

Kubadwa kwa mwana m'magazi a shuga ndi njira yomwe amakumana nayo mokulira.

Mu azimayi 3-5%, matendawa amakula nthawi yapakati. Matenda amtunduwu amatchedwa gestationalabetes mellitus kapena GDM.

Matenda a shuga

Mtundu wa matendawa ndi wachilendo kwa amayi apakati okha. Zimachitika milungu 23 mpaka itatu ndipo zimagwirizanitsidwa ndikupanga ma placenta mahomoni ofunikira ndi mwana wosabadwayo. Ngati mahomoni awa amalepheretsa ntchito ya insulin, ndiye kuti kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi a mayi woyembekezera kumawonjezereka, ndipo shuga imayamba.

Pambuyo pobereka, magazi a glucose amayambiranso kukhala abwinobwino ndipo matendawa amachoka, koma amakumananso ndi nthawi yotsatira. GDM imawonjezera chiwopsezo cha tsogolo labwino mwa mkazi kapena mwana wake wa mtundu wa matenda ashuga a 2.

Matenda a Gestationalabetes amapezeka sabata la 23 mpaka 28 ndipo amalumikizidwa ndi kupanga placenta ya mahomoni ofunikira ndi mwana wosabadwayo.

Kodi mawonekedwe am matendawa amakhudza kubereka?

Mimba iliyonse imachitika mosiyanasiyana, chifukwa Zimakhudzidwa ndi zinthu monga zaka komanso mkhalidwe wa thanzi la mayi, mawonekedwe ake, mkhalidwe wa mwana wosabadwayo, ma pathologies onse ali nawo.

Moyo wokhala ndi matenda ashuga mwa mayi wapakati ndi wovuta, ndipo nthawi zambiri samatha kudziwitsa mwana kumapeto kwa nthawi yake. Ndi matendawa omwe amadalira insulin kapena osadalira insulin, azimayi 20-30% amatha kupwetekedwa pakatha masabata 20-27. Amayi oyembekezera, kuphatikiza ndipo iwo omwe ali ndi vuto la gestational pathology amatha kubadwa asanakwane. Ngati mayi woyembekezera amayang'aniridwa ndi akatswiri nthawi zonse ndikutsatira malingaliro awo onse, amatha kupulumutsa mwana.

Ndi vuto la insulin mthupi la mayi, mwana wosabadwayo amatha kufa pambuyo pa masabata 38-39 ali ndi pakati, chifukwa chake, ngati kubereka sikunachitike nthawi ino isanakwane, amayamba chifukwa cha masabata 36-38.

Chachikulu contraindication kwa mimba ndi kubereka

Ngati mayi yemwe ali ndi matenda ashuga akukonzekera kukhala ndi mwana, ayenera kufunsa dokotala pasadakhale ndi kukambirana naye pankhaniyi. Pali zotsutsana zingapo pamalingaliro:

  1. A kwambiri mawonekedwe a matenda zovuta retinopathy (kuwonongeka kwa maimidwe amtundu wamaso) kapena matenda ashuga nephropathy (kuwonongeka kwamitsempha yamafupa, tubules ndi glomeruli).
  2. Kuphatikiza kwa shuga ndi chifuwa chachikulu cha m'mapapo.
  3. Matenda osagwirizana ndi insulin (chithandizo ndi insulin sichothandiza, i.e. sizikutsogolera).
  4. Kukhalapo mwa mkazi wa mwana womasuka.

Sikulimbikitsidwa kukhala ndi ana kwa okwatirana ngati onse ali ndi matenda amtundu 1 kapena 2, chifukwa itha kubadwa ndi khanda. Zotsutsana ndi milandu yomwe kubadwa komwe kumatha kumapeto kwa kubadwa kwa mwana wakufa.

Popeza amayi apakati amatha kukhala ndi GDM, amayi oyembekezera onse amayenera kukayezetsa magazi pambuyo pa milungu 24 ya bere.

Ngati palibe zoletsa kutenga pakati, mkazi atatha msanga ayenera kuyendera akatswiri nthawi zonse ndikutsatira zomwe amalangizidwa.

Popeza amayi apakati amatha kukhala ndi GDM, amayi onse oyembekezera amayenera kukayezetsa magazi pambuyo pa milungu 24 ya bere kuti atsimikizire kapena kukana kuti kukhalapo kwa matendawa.

Muzochita zachipatala, pali zochitika zina pamene muyenera kuthetseratu pakati asanathe milungu 12. Izi nthawi zina zimachitika ndi chidwi cha Rhesus (mkangano wamavuto oyipa a mayi ndi mwana wakhanda, pomwe mayi akupanga ma antibodies kupita kwa mwana wosabadwayo). Chifukwa cha kutengeka mtima, mwana amabadwa ndi matenda oopsa komanso matenda amtima komanso chiwindi kapena amwalira m'mimba. Lingaliro loletsa kutenga pakati limachitika pothandizidwa ndi akatswiri angapo.

Kodi chiwopsezo cha matenda ashuga chikukula bwanji?

Kumayambiriro kwa pakati, hyperglycemia imasokoneza mapangidwe a ziwalo za fetal. Izi zimabweretsa kuwonongeka kwa mtima kwatsopano, matumbo, kuwonongeka kwambiri mu ubongo ndi impso. Mu 20% ya anthu, vuto la kuperewera kwa fetal limayamba (lakhazikika m'maganizo ndi m'thupi).

Amayi ambiri odwala matenda ashuga amabereka ana omwe ali ndi thupi lalikulu (kuyambira 4500 g), chifukwa Mu makanda, thupi limakhala ndi minofu yambiri ya adipose. Mwa makanda, chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwamafuta, pamakhala nkhope yozungulira, zotupa zake, ndipo khungu limakhala ndi khungu lotuwa. Makanda amakula pang'onopang'ono m'miyezi yoyamba ya moyo, amatha kuchepa thupi. Mu 3-6% ya ana, ana amakhala ndi matenda ashuga ngati m'modzi mwa makolo ali nawo, 20% ya milandu yomwe mwana amalandira nthendayo, ngati bambo ndi mayi ali ndi matenda opatsirana.

Ngakhale asanatenge pathupi, zakudya zolimbitsa thupi zimathandiza mayi kuchepetsa chiopsezo cha zovuta zoyambirira komanso mochedwa.
Odwala matenda ashuga okalamba amawonetsedwa kuchipatala kwakanthawi, koyamba zimachitika koyambirira.
Kusintha mkhalidwe wa makanda, m'maola oyamba amoyo amapumira mpweya wabwino.

Zotsatira za hypoglycemia

Mu 85% ya milandu, ana azimayi omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga m'maola ochepa amoyo amakhala ndi hypoglycemia (kuchepa kwa shuga wamagazi). Thukuta lomwe langobadwa kumene, amakumana ndi vuto la chikumbumtima, kukokana, tachycardia komanso kupuma kwakanthawi. Ndi kupezeka kwakanthawi kwa matenda ndi kulowetsedwa kwa shuga m'makanda, hypoglycemia imazimiririka pakatha masiku atatu popanda zotsatira. Nthawi zina, matendawa amayambitsa matenda amitsempha komanso amwalira kwa makanda.

Kodi kudya pakati ndi shuga?

Ngakhale asanatenge pathupi, mayi kuti achepetse vuto lakumayambiriro komanso mochedwa amayenera kulipira chindapusa cha matenda ashuga (kukwanitsa kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi ake pafupipafupi) ndikusunga nthawi yonse ya bere. Izi zikuthandizira zakudya zosasinthika zotchulidwa ndi endocrinologist.

Chocolate, shuga, confectionery, mpunga ndi semolina, nthochi ndi mphesa, zakumwa zotsekemera zimaperekedwa kunja kwa zakudya. Msuzi wamafuta, nsomba, nyama ndi kanyumba tchizi imagwera pansi pa chiletso. Zakudya zopatsa mphamvu monga chakudya monga pasta, mkate wa rye, buckwheat ndi oatmeal, mbatata ndi nyemba zimaloledwa.

Muyenera kudya nthawi imodzi 6 pa tsiku. M'mawa, ndibwino kudya nyama ndi zipatso, madzulo - kefir ndi masamba.

Mukamadya, muyenera kuyang'anira shuga wamagazi tsiku lililonse, ndipo ndikuwonjezereka kwake, imwani mankhwala a shuga, kuphatikiza ndi mankhwala azitsamba omwe amachepetsa shuga ndi kubaya insulin.

Mukamadya, muyenera kuwunika shuga wamagazi tsiku lililonse.

Kugonekedwa kuchipatala kumafunika liti?

Anthu odwala matenda ashuga okalamba amawonetsedwa kuchipatala kwakanthawi. Kwa nthawi yoyamba, zimachitika magawo oyambilira ndipo ndikofunikira kuti awunikenso bwino mkazi, kudziwa zoopsa komanso kuthetsa nkhani yosunga mwana wosabadwayo. Kugonekedwa kwachiwiri kuchipatala kumachitika mu theka lachiwiri la bere (masabata 24), chifukwa matenda ashuga amayenda bwino nthawi ino. Kuchipatala chachitatu kumafunikira kukonzekera mayi woyembekezera kuti abereke.

Kubadwa kwa mwana mu shuga

Kubala kumachitika masabata makumi atatu mphambu makumi atatu ndi atatu (8) chitatha kafukufuku wa mkazi ndi mwana wosabadwa.

Kukonzekera zopereka

Nthawi yantchito ndi mtundu wawo imatsimikiziridwa payekhapayekha. Ndi malo abwinobwino a mwana wosabadwayo (mutu woyamba), zimayambira pakubala kwa mayi woyembekezera komanso kusowa kwamavuto, kubadwa mosavomerezeka kumakonzedwa kudzera mu ngalande yakubadwa kwachilengedwe. Nthawi zina, gawo la cesarean limasankhidwa.

Patsiku lobadwa, wodwala sayenera kudya. Pakadutsa maola 4 aliwonse, amaphatikizidwa ndi insulin, ndipo shuga amawunika pafupipafupi. Kubala mwana kumayendetsedwa ndi compact tomography. Ngati pali chiopsezo cha asphyxiation (asphyxiation wa mwana wosabadwayo), ma forceps ogwiritsidwa ntchito amagwiritsidwa ntchito.

Amayi omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga tsopano amatha kubereka
PLANET HEALTH. Mimba mu shuga, ndemanga za odwala (10.29.2016)

Kubwezeretsanso kwa akhanda

Ana ambiri amabadwa ndi matenda a diabetesic fetopathy (endocrine ndi metabolic dysfunction). Kuteteza matenda a ana, kupewa hypoglycemia ndikuchita syndromic mankhwala, amakumana ndi mapangidwe olimbirana am'mapapo mu maola oyamba a moyo, jakisoni wa hydrocortisone amathandizidwa kawiri pa tsiku kwa masiku 5, ndi vuto la mtima - plasma, komanso hypoglycemia - Mlingo wochepa wa glucose.

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