Kuti thupi lonse ligwire ntchito, ntchito yolumikizana ya ziwalo zake zonse ndikofunikira. Izi zochuluka zimatengera kapangidwe ka mahomoni ndi zokwanira.
Chimodzi mwa ziwalo zomwe zimayambitsa kuphatikiza kwa mahomoni ndi kapamba. Amapanga mitundu ingapo ya mahomoni, kuphatikiza glucagon. Kodi ntchito zake ndi chiani mthupi la munthu?
Matenda a pancreatic
Pophwanya machitidwe pakugwirira ntchito kwa thupi, zinthu zosiyanasiyana ziyenera kukumbukiridwa. Zitha kukhala zakunja ndi zamkati. Pakati pazinthu zamkati zomwe zimatha kupangitsa kuti masinthidwe a pathological, munthu atchule dzina lowonjezera kapena kuchepa kwa mahomoni amtundu wina.
Kuti muthane ndi vutoli, muyenera kudziwa kuti ndi mtundu uti wamtundu womwe umatulutsa gulu lina kapena mtundu wina kuti muthe kuchita zofunikira.
Zikondazo zimatulutsa timitundu tambiri tambiri tambiri. Chachikulu ndi insulin. Ndi polypeptide, yomwe ili ndi ma amino acid okwanira 51. Ndi kusakwanira kapena kupangika kwakukulu kwa mahomoni awa, kupambuka kumachitika mthupi la munthu. Zizindikiro zake zabwinobwino zimayambira 3 mpaka 25 μU / ml. Mwa ana, msambo wake umachepetsedwa pang'ono, mwa amayi apakati amatha kuchuluka.
Insulin ndiyofunikira kuti muchepetse shuga. Imayambitsa kuyamwa kwa shuga ndi minofu ndi minyewa ya adipose, kuonetsetsa kuti kutembenuka kwake kukhala glycogen.
Kuphatikiza pa insulin, kapambayu ndiye amachititsa kuphatikizika kwa mahomoni monga:
- C peptide. Sichimodzi mwazonse zamahomoni athunthu. M'malo mwake, ichi ndi chimodzi mwazinthu za proinsulin. Amasiyanitsidwa ndi molekyulu yayikulu ndikuwonekera m'magazi. C-peptide ndi ofanana ndi insulin, pamlingo womwe ma pathologies a chiwindi ndi kapamba amatha kupezeka. Amanenanso za chitukuko cha matenda ashuga.
- Glucagon. Pochita, mahomoni awa ndi osiyana ndi insulin. Zowonjezera zake ndizowonjezereka kwamisempha. Izi zimatheka chifukwa cha chiwindi chake, zomwe zimathandizira kupanga shuga. Komanso, mothandizidwa ndi glucagon, mafuta amawonongeka.
- Pancreatic Polypeptide. Hormone iyi yapezeka posachedwa. Chifukwa cha izo, kumwa kwa michere yam'mimba ndi michere yam'mimba kumachepetsedwa, komwe kumatsimikiziridwa ndikuwongolera kwa minofu ya ndulu.
- Somatostatin. Zimakhudza kugwira ntchito kwa mahomoni ena a pancreatic ndi ma enzymes. Mothandizidwa ndi iye, kuchuluka kwa glucagon, hydrochloric acid ndi gastrin kumachepa, ndipo mayamwidwe amthupi amachepetsa.
Kuphatikiza pa mahomoni awa, kapamba amapanganso ena. Zochita za thupi ndi chiopsezo chokhala ndi ma pathologies zimatengera kuchuluka kwake zomwe zimagwirizana ndi zofanana.
Glucagon imagwira ntchito m'thupi
Kuti mumvetsetse za gawo la glucagon m'thupi la munthu, ndikofunikira kulingalira ntchito zake.
Hormone iyi imakhudza gawo lamanjenje lamkati, lomwe limatengera kupendekera kwa shuga m'magazi. Glucose amapangidwa ndi chiwindi, ndipo glucagon imaphatikizidwa ndi njirayi. Amakonzanso kuchuluka kwake m'magazi. Chifukwa cha zomwe amachita, lipids imasweka, zomwe zimathandiza kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa cholesterol. Koma izi si ntchito zokhazo zomwe zimachitika mu mahomoni awa.
Kuphatikiza pa iwo, amachitanso izi:
- imapangitsa magazi kulowa mu impso;
- amalimbikitsa excretion wa sodium, matenda a mtima;
- kubwezeretsa maselo a chiwindi;
- kumawonjezera calcium zomwe zimakhala mkati mwa maselo;
- imapereka thupi ndi mphamvu, kuthana ndi ma lipids;
- imagwiranso ntchito yamtima, kukhudza kugunda kwa mtima;
- zimawonjezera kupsinjika.
Zokhudza thupi zimatengedwa ngati zosiyana ndi zomwe insulin ili nayo.
Mphamvu ya mankhwala achilengedwe
Kuphatikiza kwachilengedwe komwe kumapangidwanso ndikofunikira kwambiri kuti timvetsetse kufunika kwake. Amayamba chifukwa cha zochita za maselo a alpha a zilumba za Langenhans. Amapangidwanso ndi ziwalo zina zam'mimba.
Glucagon ndi mtundu umodzi wa polypeptide. Muli 29 amino acid. Kapangidwe kake kamafanana ndi insulin, koma mumakhala ma amino acid omwe sapezeka mu insulin (tryptophan, methionine). Koma cystine, isoleucine ndi proline, omwe ndi gawo la insulin, sapezeka mu glucagon.
Hormone iyi imapangidwa kuchokera pre-glucagon. Momwe amapangira zimadalira kuchuluka kwa glucose omwe amalowa mthupi ndi chakudya. Kukondoweza kwake ndikupanga kwa arginine ndi alanine - ndi kuchuluka kwawo mthupi, glucagon imapangidwa kwambiri.
Ndi masewera olimbitsa thupi mopitilira muyeso, kuchuluka kwake kumatha kuchuluka kwambiri. Komanso, zomwe zimapezeka m'magazi zimatengera insulin.
Njira yamachitidwe
Cholinga chachikulu cha phula ndi chiwindi. Mothandizidwa ndi iye, glycogenolysis imachitika mu chiwalo choyamba, ndipo patapita nthawi pang'ono - ketogeneis ndi gluconeogeneis.
Hormone imeneyi imalowa m'maselo a chiwindi. Kuti achite izi, ayenera kucheza ndi receptors. Pamene glucagon ikalumikizana ndi receptor, adenylate cyclase imayendetsedwa, zomwe zimapangitsa kupanga cAMP.
Zotsatira zake, njira yothana ndi glycogen imayamba. Izi zikuwonetsa kufunikira kwa thupi la glucose, kotero amalowa m'magazi mwachangu pa glycogenolysis. Njira ina ndikuyiphatikiza kuchokera ku zinthu zina. Izi zimatchedwa gluconeogeneis.
Komanso ndi choletsa kuphatikizika kwa mapuloteni. Zotsatira zake nthawi zambiri zimayendera limodzi ndi kufowoka kwa glucose oxidation. Zotsatira zake ndi ketogenesis.
Kapangidwe kameneka sikakhudza glycogen omwe amakhala m'misempha yamifupa, chifukwa chosowa ma receptor mwa iwo.
Kuwonjezeka kwa kuchuluka kwa cAMP komwe kumayambitsidwa ndi glucagon kumabweretsa zotsatira zaropropic ndi chronotropic pa myocardium. Zotsatira zake, kuthamanga kwa magazi kwa munthu kumakwera, mphamvu yamtima imakulirakulira ndikukula. Izi zimapereka kutseguka kwa magazi ndi chakudya chamafuta amtundu wokhala ndi michere.
Kuchuluka kwazomwe amapanga kumapangitsa antispasmodic. Mwa anthu, minofu yosalala ya ziwalo zamkati imapuma. Izi zimatchulidwa kwambiri pokhudzana ndi matumbo.
Glucose, ma keto acid ndi mafuta acids ndi magawo a mphamvu. Mothandizidwa ndi glucagon, amamasulidwa, chifukwa chomwe amapezeka ndi minofu ya mafupa. Chifukwa cha kuthamanga kwa magazi, zinthuzi zimafalikira thupi lonse.
Nchiyani chimatsogolera pakuwonjezera komanso kusowa kwa mahomoni m'thupi?
Zotsatira zoyambirira kwambiri za mahormoni ndikuwonjezereka kwa kuchuluka kwa glucose ndi mafuta acids. Kuti ikhale yabwinoko kapena yoyipa, zimatengera kuchuluka kwa glucagon wopangidwa.
Pamaso pa zopatuka, zimayamba kupangidwa zochuluka - kotero kuti ndizowopsa pakupanga zovuta. Koma zomwe zimakhala zochepa kwambiri, zomwe zimayambitsidwa ndi zolakwika m'thupi, zimabweretsa zotsatirapo zoyipa.
Kuchulukitsa kwa panganoli kumabweretsa kuchuluka kwa thupi ndi mafuta acid ndi shuga. Kupanda kutero, izi zimatchedwa hyperglycemia. Mlandu umodzi womwe umachitika osati wowopsa, koma mwatsatanetsatane wa hyperglycemia umabweretsa chitukuko. Itha kutsagana ndi tachycardia komanso kuwonjezeka kwa kuthamanga kwa magazi, komwe kumayambitsa matenda oopsa komanso mtima.
Kuyenda kwambiri kwa magazi kudzera m'matumbo kumapangitsa kuti mavalidwe awo asanakwane, zomwe zingayambitse matenda amitsempha.
Ndi kuchuluka kocheperako kwa timadzi timeneti, thupi la munthu limakumana ndi vuto la shuga, lomwe limayambitsa hypoglycemia. Mkhalidwewu ulinso pakati pa owopsa komanso oyambitsa matenda, chifukwa amatha kuyambitsa zizovuta zambiri.
Izi zikuphatikiza:
- nseru
- Chizungulire
- kugwedezeka
- ochepa ogwira ntchito;
- kufooka
- kuzindikira kolakwika;
- kukokana.
Wovulala kwambiri atamwalira.
Zambiri paz kanema wa glucagon pa kulemera kwa munthu:
Kutengera izi, titha kunena kuti, ngakhale pali zinthu zambiri zothandiza, zomwe glucagon zomwe zili mthupi siziyenera kupitilira zinthu wamba.
