Kodi kapamba amapezeka kuti?

Kusokonezeka kwa dongosolo logaya chakudya kumakhudza thupi lonse. Chikhansa ndichimodzi mwazinthu zake zazikulu, chifukwa chake zochitika zilizonse zamagetsi zomwe zimachitika zimalepheretsa kuyamwa kwa michere komanso kusokoneza kagayidwe.

Zizindikiro za mkhalidwewu zimatha kukhala zowonetsera zosiyanasiyana zosasangalatsa, kuphatikiza ululu, zotupa za pakhungu, kusokonekera kwa msambo.

Chotsani chisokonezo chomwe chakhala chikuchitika ndikuthana ndi kupitiliza kwa matendawa mothandizidwa ndi njira zoyenera zakuchipatala. Kuti muchite izi, ndikokwanira kudziwa momwe thupilo limapwetekera komanso komwe likupezeka kuti likulumikizana ndi katswiri woyenera.

Gland imagwira ntchito mthupi

Chiwalochi chimagwira ntchito zofunika, chimangopereka chimbudzi chokwanira, komanso kuwongolera njira zazikulu za kagayidwe (protein, carbohydrate ndi lipid). Kupatuka kwazomwe zimachitika pantchito yake kumabweretsa kufooka kwamankhwala.

Ntchito za Gland:

• endocrine (intrasecretory);
• exocrine (exocrine).

Zochita zachinsinsi zakunja

Ntchitoyi ndikuwonetsetsa kuti kapangidwe ka pancreatic kapitilira. Muli ma enzymes ofunikira kuti chimbudzi chokwanira komanso chokwanira. Iron imatha kutulutsa madzi okwanira lita imodzi patsiku.

Mulinso:

• madzi
• ma enzyme (ma enzymes) - mamolekyulu angapo kapena tinthu tating'ono, zomwe zimathandizira kuchepa kwa kuwonongeka kwa macronutrients omwe amabwera ndi chakudya;
• mchere (bicarbonate) - - asamalidwe chilengedwe chokhala ndi acidic asanagonjetse chakudya osagaya chakudya chokwanira komanso kupereka zamchere zamchere.

Ma enzyme akuluakulu:

1. Lipase. Enzyme imapereka kuchepa kwamafuta osaloŵerera m'ndale ndipo imagwira nawo ntchito yotumiza ma polyunsaturated acids kumisempha, kulimbikitsa kuyamwa kwa mavitamini osungunuka a mafuta. Kupanga kwa lipase kumachitika osati ndi chitsulo chokha, komanso mapapu, matumbo, ndi chiwindi.
2. Zama. Kutenga mbali kwa puloteniyi pakukola kumakupatsani mwayi wowonjezereka wa ma peptides ndi mapuloteni. Kukula kwa enzyme kumachitika kokha mu kapamba, komwe kumawonjezera phindu la chiwalo.
3. Alfa amylase. Enzyme ndiyofunikira pakuwonjezera chakudya chamagulu omwe anthu amagwiritsa ntchito. Amapangidwa zazing'onoting'ono ndi tiziwalo tating'ono. Gawo lake lalikulu limapangidwa ndi kapamba.

Ma enzyme omwe afotokozedwa pamwambapa amasulidwa pokhapokha chakudya. Kupanga mwachangu kumayamba pafupifupi mphindi 3 mutasunthira chakudyacho m'mimba ndikumatha kwa maola 12-14.

Kugwira kwathunthu kwa ma enzymes kumachitika ndi kuchuluka kwa bile komwe kumapangidwa m'chiwindi, komwe kumawakonzekeretsa kuti azichita bwino. Ma Enzymes amathandizira osati panthawi yopanga, koma pokhapokha atasinthira ku lumen ya duodenum, pomwe amakhudzidwa ndi enterokinase.

Zochita mkati mwachinsinsi

Kuwongolera ndikusamalira ntchito ya endocrine kumachitika ndi magulu a maselo omwe ali kumapeto kwa gland (alpha ndi beta) omwe amapanga zisumbu za Langerhans.

Mu gawo ili la thupi, kupanga mahomoni ofunikira kukumba kumachitika:

1. Insulin. Kupanga kwake kumachitika m'maselo a beta. Chifukwa cha izo, kagayidwe kazakudya umayendetsedwa ndipo metabolidi ya metabolidi imachitika chifukwa cha kuyamwa kwa glucose komanso kayendedwe kazinthu zonse zamthupi. Mothandizidwa ndi mahomoni, kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi nthawi zonse kumakhala kwabwinobwino. Njira zowonongeka zomwe zimapezeka m'maselo a beta zimayambitsa kuchepa kwa kuchuluka kwa insulini yomwe imapangidwa, yomwe imakhudza molakwika kuchuluka kwa shuga ndikupangitsa kukwera kwake kwakuthwa. Zotsatira za kusintha kwamtunduwu kungakhale kukula kwa matenda ashuga.
2. Glucagon. Ma cell a Alpha ndi omwe amapangitsa kuti timadzi timtunduwu tisungidwe. Glucagon imatha kupangitsa kuchuluka kwa shuga. Kuchita kwake ndikufuna kupititsa patsogolo ma receptors a chiwindi, omwe amatulutsa masitolo a shuga ndikupangitsa kuphatikiza kwake. Udindo wa mahomoni ndi wofunikira kwambiri panthawi yamayambiriro a hypoglycemia, pomwe kuchuluka kwa shuga kumatsikira kuzinthu zofunika.

Zowonjezera zomwe zimapangidwa ndi zisumbu za Langerhans:

• lipocaine - linalake ndipo limalepheretsa kukula kwama cell m'magazi;
• ghrelin - imayendetsa momwe munthu angadye;
• Maselo a PP (pancreatic peptide) - amatha kulepheretsa zochitika za gland.

Malo ndi kapangidwe kake

Chiwalo chili kumanzere kwa m'mimba, koma mothandizidwa ndi zinthu zina za pathogenic imatha kusintha malo ake ndikusunthira kumanja.

Gland ndi loyandikana ndi duodenum ndi m'mimba, yomwe ili pafupi ndi vertebra yoyamba ya lumbar.

Chithunzichi chikuwonetsa kuti mbali ya navel ndiyitsulo. Zimachitika masentimita 5-10 kuchokera pamlingo wake. Ndi m'dera lino momwe mumakhala chisokonezo nthawi zonse chifukwa cha chotupa cha ziwalo.

Komwe kuli ziwalo za chala

• mutu uli m'deralo pakati pa 12 ndi 4 lumbar vertebrae;
• thupi - imatha kukhala pakati pa 12 ndi 3 vertebrae, kukhudza khoma lakumbuyo yam'mimba;
• mchira - womwe uli pakati pa 11 ndi 2 vertebrae, umafika pazipata za ndulu.

Chiwalocho chili pafupi ndi ndulu, chifukwa chake, kugonjetsedwa kwakamodzi kwa zinthuzi m'matumbo amathandizika kutupa kambiri.

Anatomical kapangidwe

Iron ali ndi mawonekedwe a thupi lalitali, ndipo utoto wake ndi wotuwa.

Kapangidwe:

1. Thupi. Kutalika kwa gawo ili kuchokera pa 1.75 mpaka 2,5 cm. Kutalika kumapitilira madera otsalawo, kumafikira 13,5 cm.
2. Mutu. Imakhala ndi makulidwe a 1.5 mpaka 3 cm komanso kutalika kwa masentimita 5. Mutu umasiyanitsidwa ndi ena ndi mizere.
3. Mchira. Gawo ili la chimbudzi limatha kukhala ngati chulu. Kutalika kwake ndi masentimita 3.5. Mchirawu umasiyana ndi mbali zina za nduluzo m'lifupi mwake (mpaka 1.5 cm).

Mapangidwe azambiriyakale

Chiwalo chimapangidwa makamaka kuchokera ku minyewa yongogwirizana. Kapangidwe kake ka microscopic kamapangidwa ndi endocrine komanso maselo a exocrine. Kapangidwe kake kamakhala ndi ziwiya, mitsempha ndi ganglia.

Ntchito ya exocrine imachitika ndi ziphuphu, zomwe ndizigawo zazing'ono zomwe zimalekanitsidwa ndi zingwe zolumikizira. Iliyonse ya iwo imakhala ndi njira yolumikizirana yolumikizana ndi gawo limodzi kupita.

Ntchito ya Endocrine imadziwika ndi ma cell (insulocytes) omwe amapezeka muzilumba za Langerhans. Amakhala pakati pa acini. M'maselo amenewa mulibe ma ducts.

Sintha

Kukalamba kwa thupi kumakhudza kapamba, kotero kusintha kwa chiwalo kumayambira kuyambira pomwe munthu wabadwa. Mluza wake umachitika ngakhale pa nthawi yomwe mwana amakula mluza (pafupifupi milungu itatu yamayi mwa amayi). Pamapeto pa trimester yoyamba, kupangidwa kwa maselo amkati ndi amkati kumatha.

Pambuyo pobadwa kwa munthu, kapamba amafikira kutalika kwa 5 cm, kenako amakula pang'ono ndi pang'ono. Kusasitsa komaliza kwa chiwalo kumachitika zaka 16. Munthawi imeneyi, ziphuphu ndi zisumbu za Langerhans zimasintha.

Magawo apakati:

• makulidwe ndi m'lifupi - mpaka 3 cm;
• kutalika - kuchokera 14 mpaka 22 cm;
• kulemera - pafupifupi 80 g.

Kuunika molondola kukula, mawonekedwe ndi kufanana kwake pakapangidwe ka minofu ya ziwalozo zimakupatsani mwayi wopeza (ultrasound). Njirayi imapangitsa kuti athe kufotokoza zomwe zimapangitsa kuti dzikolo likhale loyera komanso kuti azindikire zodwala pakukula kwake komwe kumadza chifukwa cha ma pathologies osiyanasiyana.

Mwa odwala okalamba, kuchepa kwa ziwalo kumawonedwa. Izi sizikufuna chithandizo chilichonse, pokhapokha ngati palibe chizindikiro cha pathological.

Mavuto amakhalidwe

Zida zonse zamkati mwakudya zimalumikizana, kotero, chitukuko cha zotupa mumtundu uliwonse zimabweretsa kukakamiza kwambiri ziwalo zapafupi. Kukula kwakukulu kumawonjezera chiopsezo cha oncology. Ichi ndichifukwa chake ndikofunikira kudziwa zomwe zimayambitsa kusintha kwa nthawi yayitali ndikuchita zoyenera kuzithetsa.

Zoyipa zazikulu:

• zakudya zopanda thanzi;
• osagwirizana ndi zakudya zotchulidwa ndi adokotala;
• kuchuluka kwa mafuta m'zakudya;
• matenda a bile duct;
• cholowa chovuta;
• zizolowezi zoipa;
• kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwakutali kwa mankhwala osiyanasiyana;
• zochulukitsa;
• kunenepa

Kanema wokhudza kapamba ndi matenda ake:

Matenda akulu:

1. Pancreatitis ukuyenda mu pachimake kapena mawonekedwe osakhazikika. Izi matenda amadziwika ndi kuwonjezeka kukula kwa limba. Kutupa kosafunikira kumayambitsa kupindika pancreas pang'onopang'ono (kuchepa).
2. Khansa Ndi matendawa, chiwalo chimasintha mawonekedwe ake chifukwa cha chotupa.
3. Cystic fibrosis. Kuchepetsa kotereku kumapangitsa kuwonongeka kwa kupuma komanso matendawa a endocrine. Mukukonzekera matendawa, ma ducts a chiwalo amakula, zigawo zolumikizira zimayamba.
4. Matenda a shuga. Izi zimadziwika ndi kusowa kwa insulin komanso kuwonekera pang'onopang'ono kwa acini.

Pancreatitis

The pachimake mawonekedwe limodzi ndi kupweteka kwambiri anamva kumtunda pamimba. Imasanjidwa pakatikati pa epigastrium.

Nthawi zina ululu umasunthira mbali zotsutsana ndi hypochondrium kapena kuwuperekera kumbuyo. Malinga ndi kufotokozera kwa odwala, amatha kukhala odula kapena osafunikira.

Munthu amatha kuyimilira payekha kukula kwachikulire chifukwa cha kupezeka kwa kuzindikira kwina m'dera la chiwalocho. Atagona, wodwalayo amasangalala. Ndizotheka kufooketsa mawonetseredwe pokhapokha mothandizidwa ndi chidwi chamtsogolo. Kumwa mankhwala omwe ali ndi antispasmodic zotsatira sikubweretsa mpumulo.

Mawonekedwe osakanikirana amakhala ndi ululu wofatsa kumanzere kwa hypochondrium ndi dera la epigastric. Kugwiritsa ntchito zakudya zamafuta ndi mowa kumalimbitsanso mawonetseredwe ake, zomwe zimayambitsa kuukira komwe kumafanana ndi zizindikiro za kufalikira kwa matendawa.

Neoplasms

Pancreatitis yachilendo imawonjezera mwayi wa khansa ya pancreatic. Pafupifupi 4% ya odwala onse omwe akudwala matendawa amakhala ndi zotupa zoyipa.

Kukula ndi kukula kwa chotupacho kumabweretsa zowawa. Kusagwirizana kumamveka pakatikati pa epigastrium, komanso ku hypochondria. Ululu ungabwezere.

Pancreatitis imathandizanso pakupanga ma cysts, omwe ndi mawonekedwe amkati odzadza ndi madzi a pancreatic. Kukula kwa ma neoplasms kapena kusinthika kwawo kumayambitsa kuwonongeka kwa wodwala.

Kanema wa khansa yapakansa:

Kulunjika kwa kupweteka

Maonekedwe a ululu m'thupi lirilonse samadziwitsa kumene kwayambira. Ndi kuwonongeka kwa kapamba, kusapeza kumadziwonekera makamaka kumanja, mu hypochondrium. Kunyalanyaza izi kumawonjezera kukula kwa kupweteka kwamawu.

Kuperewera kwa njira zochizira kumangokulitsa mkhalidwe wa wodwalayo ndikuthandizira kusintha kwa matenda kukhala mawonekedwe osatha. Komwe chipangizochi chimaphatikizira kuzindikira komwe kumachokera kupweteka, chifukwa chake katswiriyo amasankha mayeso owonjezera a zigawo zatsalira za chimbudzi.

Mavuto opweteka omwe amayamba chifukwa cha kutupa ndi ofanana ndi mawonekedwe a matenda ena:

• pyelonephritis;
• osteochondrosis;
• matenda a koloni;
• herpes zoster.

Kuti muzindikire izi, muyenera kuchita izi:

1. Palpate msana (lumbar). Odwala omwe ali ndi osteochondrosis apamwamba amamva kupweteka pakadali pano.
2. Yang'anani pamwamba pakhungu. Kukhalapo kwa zotupa kumatha kuwonetsa kachilombo ka herpes.
3. Dinani kumbuyo ndi zala m'dera la impso. Maonekedwe a ululu pakadali pano akuwonetsa kukula kwa pyelonephritis. Chizindikiro chowonjezera cha matendawa ndi magazi mkodzo.
4. Mverani gawo la epigastric pamene munthu ali kumanzere kapena kumbuyo. Ngati kupweteka kumbali kukucheperachepera, ndiye kuti tikulankhula za kapamba. Kusintha kwazosangalatsa kukuwonetsa matenda a m'matumbo.

Kuzindikira komaliza kumadalira zotsatira za kuyesedwa kwa magazi, kuyesa kwamkodzo, ma ultrasound, radiografi, ma program ndi kuyesa kwina. Kukhazikitsa kwawo kumakupatsani mwayi wowunika osati ntchito ya zofunikira, komanso thupi lonse.

Momwe mungadziwire zizindikiro za kutupa?

Kukula kwa kutupa sikuwonetsedwa ndi zowawa zokha, komanso ndi zizindikiro zina.

Chithunzi chachipatala cha kuchulukana kwa kapamba:

• kukwera kapena kugwa m'magazi;
• kuchuluka kwa kutentha mpaka milingo yayikulu (pafupifupi 40º);
• nkhope ya wodwalayo itha kumveka pang'onopang'ono;
• jaundice pakhungu (ndi chifukwa chosakanikirana ndi ma ducts a biliary thirakiti);
• kamwa yowuma
• kupumirana kwa hiccups kapena mseru;
• kusanza, pambuyo pake palibe mpumulo;
• kutsegula m'mimba
• kupezeka kwa kufupika kwa mpweya;
• zokutira zachikaso pamtunda;
• mawonekedwe amtambo wabuluu mu navel, maliseche ndikutsikira kumbuyo;
• kufooka.

Momwe mawonekedwe a kapamba alibe zizindikiro.

Kuperewera kwa ma enzymes opangidwa ndi thupi kungayambitse mawonekedwe osasangalatsa:

• kutaya mtima kapena kuchepa kwake;
• Kuchepetsa thupi;
• nseru
• chisangalalo;
• kung'ung'udza
• matenda amkuwa.

Kuperewera kwa ma enzymes kwa nthawi yayitali kumakwiyitsa malabsorption syndrome, omwe amadziwika ndi kuchepa kwa michere ndi matumbo. Zisokonezo izi zimayambitsa kukula kwa vitamini ndikuperewera kwa dysbiosis, ngakhale munthu atatsatira malamulo a kudya moyenera.

Kanema wochokera kwa Dr. Malysheva wamomwe angayang'anire kapamba:

Kusintha kwachidziwikire m'mapazi kumakhudza kwambiri thanzi la wodwalayo. Amathandizira kukulitsa kupweteka, kumayambitsa kusokonezeka kwa dongosolo la m'mimba. Kupezeka kwawo kumatha kupewedwa ndi chithandizo chanthawi ya matenda oyanjana komanso kutsatira njira zopewera.