Kodi ma Isanger aku Langerhans ndi ati?

M'zaka za zana la 19, wasayansi wachichepere wochokera ku Germany adazindikira heterogeneity ya pancreatic minofu. Maselo omwe anali osiyana ndi ambiri anali m'magulu ang'onoang'ono, islets. Magulu a ma cell adadzatchulidwanso dzina la pathologist - zilumba za Langerhans (OL).

Gawo lawo mu kuchuluka kwathunthu kwa minofu sikupitilira 1-2%, komabe, gawo laling'onoli la gland limagwira ntchito yake mosiyana ndi kugaya chakudya.

Kupita kuzilumba za Langerhans

Maselo ambiri a kapamba (kapamba) amapanga ma enzymes am'mimba. Ntchito yamagulu azilumba ndizosiyana - amapanga mahomoni, chifukwa chake amatchulidwa ku endocrine system.

Chifukwa chake, kapamba ndi gawo limodzi mwa machitidwe awiri apamwamba a thupi - m'mimba ndi endocrine. Zilumbazi ndi tizilombo tating'onoting'ono tomwe timatulutsa mitundu isanu ya mahomoni.

Magulu ambiri a kapamba amapezeka mkati mwa kapamba, ngakhale kuti ali ndi chisokonezo.

OL ndi omwe amayang'anira kuperekera kwa kagayidwe kazakudya ndikuthandizira ntchito ya ziwalo zina za endocrine.

Mapangidwe azambiriyakale

Chilumba chilichonse chimagwira ntchito yake palokha. Pamodzi amapanga chisumbu chovuta kupanga chomwe chimapangidwa ndi maselo amtundu uliwonse ndikupanga zazikulu. Makulidwe awo amasiyanasiyana - kuchokera ku cell imodzi ya endocrine kupita pachilumba chachikulu, (100 μm).

M'magulu a ma pancreatic, gulu la maselo, mitundu yawo 5, imamangidwa, onse amakwaniritsa ntchito yawo. Chilumba chilichonse chimazunguliridwa ndi minofu yolumikizidwa, imakhala ndi magawo komwe ma capillaries amapezeka.

Pakati pake pali magulu a maselo a beta, m'mphepete mwa mawonekedwe - maselo a alpha ndi a delta. Kukula kwakukulu kwa chisumbucho, ndimaselo ochulukirapo omwe amakhala nawo.

Zilumbazo zilibe ma ducts, mahomoni omwe amapangidwa amatuluka kudzera mu capillary system.

Mitundu ya ma cell

Magulu osiyanasiyana a maselo amatulutsa mtundu wawo wa mahomoni, kuwongolera chimbudzi, lipid ndi carbohydrate metabolism.

1. Ma cell a Alfa. Gulu la OL ili m'mphepete mwa zisumbu; kuchuluka kwawo kuli 1520% ya kukula kwathunthu. Amapanga glucagon, mahomoni omwe amayang'anira kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi.
2. Maselo a Beta. Zopezeka pakatikati pa zilumba ndikupanga kuchuluka kwawo, 60-80%. Amapanga insulin, pafupifupi 2 mg patsiku.
3. Maselo a Delta. Iwo ali ndi udindo wopanga somatostatin, kuyambira 3 mpaka 10% ya iwo.
4. Maselo a Epsilon. Kuchuluka kwa misa sikuposa 1%. Zogulitsa zawo ndi ghrelin.
5. Maselo a PP. Horoni pancreatic polypeptide imapangidwa ndi gawo ili la OL. Kufikira 5% ya zilumbazi.

Ntchito ya mahormoni

Udindo wamafuta wa kapamba ndi wamkulu.

Zinthu zomwe zimapangidwa kuzilumba zazing'ono zimaperekedwa ku ziwalo ndi magazi ndikuyenda kwa carbohydrate metabolism:

1. Cholinga chachikulu cha insulin ndikuchepetsa shuga la magazi. Zimawonjezera kuyamwa kwa glucose ndi ma membrane a maselo, imathandizira kukhathamiritsa kwake ndikuwathandiza kusunga glycogen. Kuphatikizika kwa mahomoni synthesis kumabweretsa kukula kwa matenda a shuga 1. Pankhaniyi, kuyezetsa magazi kumawonetsa kukhalapo kwa ma antibodies kuma cell a veta. Type 2 shuga mellitus imayamba ngati mphamvu ya minofu ya insulin itachepa.
2. Glucagon imagwira ntchito yotsutsana - imawonjezera kuchuluka kwa shuga, imayang'anira kupanga shuga mu chiwindi, ndikuthandizira kuwonongeka kwa lipids. Mahomoni awiri, othandizira zochita za wina ndi mnzake, amagwirizanitsa zomwe zili ndi shuga - chinthu chomwe chimatsimikizira kuti ntchito ya thupi ndi yofunika kwambiri pama cellular.
3. Somatostatin amachedwetsa mayendedwe a mahomoni ambiri. Pankhaniyi, pali kuchepa kwa kuchuluka kwa mayamwidwe a shuga kuchokera ku chakudya, kuchepa kwa kapangidwe ka michere ya m'mimba, ndi kuchepa kwa kuchuluka kwa glucagon.
4. Pancreatic polypeptide amachepetsa kuchuluka kwa ma enzymes, amachepetsa kutulutsa kwa bile ndi bilirubin. Amakhulupirira kuti imaletsa kuyenda kwa michere yamagaya, kuwapulumutsa mpaka chakudya chotsatira.
5. Ghrelin amatengedwa kuti ndi timadzi tokhala ndi njala kapena satiety. Kupanga kwake kumapereka thupi chizindikiro cha njala.

Kuchuluka kwa mahomoni opangidwa kumatengera shuga omwe amalandidwa kuchokera ku chakudya komanso kuchuluka kwake kwa okosijeni. Ndi kuchuluka kwa kuchuluka kwake, kupanga insulini kumachulukanso. Maphatikizidwe amayamba pa ndende ya 5.5 mmol / L m'madzi a m'magazi.

Si chakudya chokha chomwe chingayambitse insulin. Mwa munthu wathanzi, kuphatikiza kwakukulu kumadziwika munthawi ya kupsinjika kwamphamvu kwakuthupi komanso kupsinjika.

Gawo lakumapeto kwa kapamba limapanga mahomoni omwe amakhala ndi mphamvu m'thupi lonse. Kusintha kwathanzi mu OL kumatha kusokoneza ntchito ya ziwalo zonse.

Kanema wokhudza ntchito ya insulin mthupi la munthu:

Zowonongeka kwa endocrine kapamba ndi chithandizo chake

Zomwe zimayambitsa lesion ya OL imatha kukhala kutengera kwa chibadwa, matenda ndi poyizoni, matenda otupa, mavuto a chitetezo chamthupi.

Zotsatira zake, pamakhala kuchepa kapena kuchepa kwakukulu kwa kupanga kwa ma cell kwa ma cell osiyana siyana.

Zotsatira zake, izi zitha kukhala:

1. Mtundu woyamba wa shuga. Amadziwika ndi kusapezeka kapena kuchepa kwa insulin.
2. Type 2 shuga. Zimatsimikiziridwa ndi kusatha kwa thupi kugwiritsa ntchito mahomoni opangidwa.
3. Matenda a gestational amakula nthawi yapakati.
4. Mitundu ina ya matenda ashuga mellitus (MODY).
5. Zotupa za Neuroendocrine.

Mfundo zazikuluzikulu zochizira mtundu 1 shuga mellitus ndiko kukhazikitsa kwa insulin mthupi, kapangidwe kamatupa kapena kochepetsedwa. Mitundu iwiri ya insulini imagwiritsidwa ntchito - yogwira mwachangu komanso yayitali. Mitundu yotsirizayi imatsanzira kapangidwe ka mahomoni a pancreatic.

Matenda a 2 a matenda a shuga amafunika kudya kwambiri, kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi, komanso kuwonjezera mankhwala.

Mavuto a matenda ashuga akuchulukirachulukira padziko lonse lapansi; amatchedwa kale mliri wa zana la 21 lino. Chifukwa chake, malo azofufuzira zamankhwala akuyang'ana njira zothanirana ndi matenda azilumba za Langerhans.

Njira mu kapamba zimayamba msanga ndipo zimatsogolera ku kufa kwa timinchu, timene timayambitsa mahomoni.

Posachedwa, zadziwika:

• maselo a stem omwe adalowetsedwa ku minofu ya pancreatic amamera bwino ndipo amatha kupanga mahomoni mtsogolomo, pomwe ayamba kugwira ntchito ngati maselo a beta;
• OL imapanga mahomoni ochulukirapo ngati gawo lina la tinthu timene timayambitsa katemera limachotsedwa.

Izi zimathandizira odwala kusiya kudya kosalekeza kwa mankhwala osokoneza bongo, kudya mosamalitsa ndikubwerera m'moyo wabwino. Vutoli limatsalira ndi chitetezo chamthupi, chomwe chimatha kukana maselo okhala.

Kuchita bwino kunachitidwa, pambuyo pake insulin sinafunikirebe kwa odwala omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga 1. Chiwalochi chinabwezeretsanso kuchuluka kwa maselo a beta, kapangidwe kazake ka insulin. Pambuyo pa opaleshoni, mankhwala a immunosuppressive adachitidwa kuti aletse kukanidwa.

Kanema pa ntchito ya shuga ndi matenda ashuga:

Mabungwe azachipatala akugwira ntchito kuti afufuze kuthekera kwa kufalikira kwa kapamba kuchokera nkhumba. Mankhwala oyamba ochiza matenda a shuga amangogwiritsa ntchito zigawo zikuluzikulu za nkhumba.

Asayansi akuvomereza kuti kafukufuku amafunikira pazomwe zimapangidwira komanso magwiridwe antchito a zilumba za Langerhans chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa ntchito zofunika zomwe mahomoni opanga mwa iwo amachita.

Kukhazikika kwa mahomoni opanga sikungathandize kuthana ndi matendawa ndipo kumawonjezera moyo wabwino wodwala. Kugonjetsedwa kwa gawo laling'onoli la kapamba kumayambitsa kusokonezeka kwakukulu pakugwira ntchito kwa thupi lonse, chifukwa chake maphunziro akupitilira.