Madzi a pancreatic

Dongosolo la endocrine la thupi la munthu limakhala ndi tiziwalo timene timatulutsa mkati ndi kunja. Tizilombo touluka ndi tinthu tating'onoting'ono ndi chitsanzo cha kapangidwe kazinthu zobisika, komwe katulutsidwe kamalowa pakhungu ndi mucous nembanemba kunja. Ziwalo zomwe zimasunga chinsinsi cha mahasidi m'thupi mwake zimatchedwa kuti endocrine gland.

Ziwalo zamkati zakunja ndi zamkati nthawi imodzi zimaphatikizapo kapamba (kapamba). Ntchito yake yayikulu ndikutulutsa madzi apadera omwe ali ndi zovuta kupanga komanso zovuta kupanga, komanso ndikuchita chimodzi mwazinthu zoyambirira m'thupi. Nzosadabwitsa kuti kapamba amadziwika kuti ndi chinthu chofunikira; matenda aliwonse "amawonekera" mthupi lathunthu ndipo nthawi zambiri amatha kuwopseza moyo wa munthu. Mwambiri, ndi madzi a pancreatic, kapangidwe kake ndi kuchuluka kwake, komwe kumapangitsa magwiridwe antchito a chiwalocho komanso kuchuluka kwa mphamvu yake pazinthu zina zamkati.

Kufunika kwa thupi

Zikondamoyo zimakhala ndi parenchyma (minofu yake), yogawidwa mu lobules, kapena acini. Maselo azinthu zazing'onoting'ono zoterezi amapanga chinsinsi cha pancreatic (kapamba - kapamba), chomwe kudzera mu ma ducts chimalowa mu njira yolumikizana wamba, yomwe imatsegukira ku lumen ya duodenum. Pafupifupi kuchuluka konse kwamadzi a pancreatic, omwe amafikira pafupifupi malita awiri patsiku, pang'onopang'ono amapezeka m'matumbo ang'onoang'ono, omwe amathandiza kuti chakudya chizigayidwa moyenera. Chifukwa chake, katulutsidwe ka kapamba amatchedwa madzi am'mimba.

Zigawo zosiyanasiyana za katulutsidwe kameneka zimapangidwa ndi maselo apadera a ziwalo.

Mwa anthu ambiri, kupendekera kwakukulu kwa tezi musanalowe mu duodenum kumalumikizana ndi njira ya ndulu, ndiye kuti, chinsinsi cha pancreatic m'matumbo aang'ono ndichophatikizidwa kale ndi bile. Poganizira kuti ntchito yayitali kwambiri ya kapamba ndi chikhodzodzo imalumikizidwa ndi chakudya, izi zimathandiza kwambiri, chifukwa zimapereka pamodzi komanso munthawi yomweyo zinthu zovuta kuzinthu zosiyanasiyana, mwachitsanzo, zimatha mafuta kudzera pancreatic madzi ndi bile.

Komabe, izi nthawi zambiri zimabweretsa matenda oyipa, makamaka, ku yachiwiri kapamba, yomwe imakhala chotsatira cha pathologies a bile ducts. Kutupa kwamtunduwu mu kapamba kumachitika chifukwa cha kuphatikizika kwa ndulu osati m'matumbo aang'ono, koma m'matumbo a chithokomiro, zomwe zimachitika kwambiri ka bysary dyskinesia, komwe kumachitika molingana ndi mtundu wa hypertonic. Zotsatira zake, chinsinsi "chachilendo", chomwe ndi bile, chimagwira mwamphamvu parenchyma ndipo zimatsogolera pakupanga njira yowoneka bwino yotupa.

Kupanga katulutsidwe ndi kapamba kumayendetsedwa ndi makina apadera a parasympathetic mantha system (vagus nerve), komanso chinthu chochititsa manyazi, ndiko kuti, zochitika za ziwalo zina zam'mimba. Kudya chakudya mthupi makamaka kumakhala ndi m'mimba, pomwe kupangika kwa timadzi tonunkhira tokhala ndi hydrochloric acid kumayamba, ngakhale pakukonzekera gawo loyamba la chakudya.

Kapangidwe kazomwe kamapangidwa ndimadzi a m'mimba kumakhudzana ndi kukhalapo kwa michere yambiri. Mwa izi, gastrin ndiye chinthu chofunikira kwambiri chomwe chimakhudza mwachindunji kapamba. Udindo wake waukulu pokhudzana ndi gland ndikupereka chakudya chokwanira cha trophic (kudya michere), womwe ndi maziko a ntchito ya pancreatic.

Kuponya bile mu ducts ya gland kumapangitsa kuti pakhale pancreatitis yayikulu

Nawonso hydrochloric acid imagwira mucous nembanemba wa duodenum, pomwe kupanga michere yambiri kumayambira, zomwe zimatsogolera kutsegula kwa kapamba. Awa ndi ma cellin ndi cholecystokinin, omwe mwachindunji ndipo nthawi yomweyo amakhudza maselo a pancreatic acinar. Ichi ndichifukwa chake kuyambika kwa chakudya kumayenderana ndi "ntchito" yogwira thupi la endocrine.

Kupanga

Ntchito yayikulu ya kapamba ndikuonetsetsa kuti mapangidwe ake aliwonse, kutulutsa kofunikira kwambiri kwa madzi a kapamba ndi kuchuluka kwake, kutuluka kwa nthawi yake kwa zinthu za duct. Osangokhala ma cell a acinar okha, komanso mamembala ena a ziwalo amatenga nawo gawo pazobisalira. Potere, ndalama ziyenera kusungidwa pakati pakupanga ma secentre ndi kuchotsera kwawo pogwiritsa ntchito njira zotayira.

Kapangidwe ka kapamba wa pancreatic sikungokhala pazomwe zili ndi michere yambiri yokhala ndi michere. Ayenera kukhala "osungunuka" mu madzi a "base", amakhalanso ndi zovuta kupanga.

Momwe mungayang'anire kapamba

Zomwe zimapangidwa mwachinsinsi cha kapamba zimatha kugawidwa m'magawo otsatirawa:

• enzymatic, yopangidwa ndi maselo a ziwalo parenchyma;
• maziko a madzi, omwe amakhala ndi madzi ndi ma electrolyte opangidwa ndi maselo a ma pulret ducts;
• mucoid (mucous) madzimadzi, omwe amasungidwa ndi ma mucous cell a ma ducts.

Zinthu za Enzymatic sizilowa mwachangu ndi kusakaniza ndi madzi amadzimadzi. Choyamba, amapezeka m'malo ophatikizira mkati mwa acini (pancreatic lobules), ndi malo osagwira ntchito, omwe amatsimikiziridwa ndi magwiridwe antchito komanso ofunikira thupi. Ngati pali “kulephera” kwa kawonedwe kameneka (mwachitsanzo, kufalikira kwa njira), ndiye kuti kugwira ntchito kwa puloteni kumayambira m'malo awiriwa komanso m'mizere. Izi zimabweretsa kudzikundikira kwa michere yama "michere" yamphamvu kwambiri m'matumbo a kapamba ndikupanga matenda akulu omwe amapezeka ndi autolysis (kudzimbidwa kwa chiwalo).

Umu ndi momwe pancreatitis yayikulu yam'mimba imakulira, yomwe imayamba ndi ululu waukulu, matenda a dyspeptic, kutentha kwambiri. Chithandizo chake, chifukwa cha kupangika kwa mapangidwe a matenda, ayenera kuyang'ana kwambiri machitidwe a ma enzymes ndikuchotsedwa kwawo koyamba pancreatic minofu.

Mlingo wa mahomoni opangidwa mu kapamba amatha kutsimikizika m'madzi a m'magazi

Kukhala ndi zamchere zam'madzi, pancreatic madzi ali ndi magulu otsatirawa a michere:

• proteinolytic - chymotrypsin, trypsin, pepsin, collagenase, elastase, endopeptidase, carboxypeptidase (A ndi B), aminopeptidase, deoxyribonuclease, ribonuclease;
• lipolytic - lipase, cholesterol esterase, phospholipase (A ndi B), estrase, lipoprotein lipase;
• glycolytic - alpha-amylase.

Kuphatikiza apo, m'mabwalo a Langerhans omwe ali mchira wa gland, mapangidwe a zinthu zamafuta: insulin, glucagon, pancreatic polypeptide, somatostatin, lipocaine, kallikrein. Zinthu zonsezi zimagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri, makamaka insulin, yomwe imayang'anira kagayidwe kazigawo m'thupi.

Ntchito yogaya zakudya

Ma enzyme omwe amaphatikizidwa ndi chimbudzi cha chakudya, monga tanena kale, amalowa m'matumbo ang'onoang'ono osagwira. Kuti kutsegulira kuchitika, ayenera kulumikizana wina ndi mnzake pogwiritsa ntchito mchere wa calcium, mabakiteriya ena opindulitsa, ndi zigawo za bile. Enzyme yokhayo yomwe imayamba kugwira ntchito ndi amylase, yomwe imakhudzidwa ndi metabolism ya chakudya. Ma enzyme amenewa amapangidwa osati mu kapamba, komanso timinyewa tothandiza kutulutsa thukuta. Chifukwa chake, chimbudzi cha chakudya chimayambira pamlomo wamkati ndi kuwonongeka kwa mapangidwe a chakudya.

Ntchito yayikulu ya madzi a pancreatic ndikuphika chakudya

Ntchito zonse za michere ya pancreatic zitha kuyimiridwa motere:

• kugaya mafuta, mapuloteni, zakudya. Ntchitoyi ndi yoyenda ndipo imafotokozedwa kwambiri mphindi 5 chakudya chikayamba, ndipo imangokhala pafupifupi maola awiri. Kuchepetsa kapena kutalika kwa chizungulirochi kumawonetsedwa ndi kuthupi kwa thupi.
• kutenga nawo mbali yotchedwa "kinin system", yomwe imayendetsa magazi, kupezeka kwa magazi, hematopoiesis, ntchito yaimpso.

Potengera kuchuluka ndi kuchuluka kwa katulutsidwe, kapamba amatha kufananizidwa ndi kwamikodzo. Madzi ake, omwe ali ndi zovuta kupanga, amapanga gawo lofunikira kwambiri mthupi, amatenga nawo gawo pafupifupi pazochita zathupi zonse.