Ngakhale aliyense adziwa kalekale kuti matenda ashuga amatha kusokoneza moyo wa wodwalayo, odwala ambiri samanyalanyaza pakuzindikira kwawo ndikupitilizabe kukhala ndi moyo wawo. Koma izi ndizodzaza ndi zotsatira zosasintha, zomwe zingayambitse chiyambi cha kulumala, komanso kufa mwadzidzidzi. Ndipo kuopsa kwa matenda ashuga komanso momwe mungapewere kupitilira kwake, mupeza.
Mawu ochepa onena za matenda omwe
Musanalankhule chifukwa chake matenda ashuga ndi oopsa, muyenera kunena mawu ochepa za momwe kukula kwake kumachitikira. Ndipo pa izi muyenera kuganizira mitundu yake. Chifukwa chake, matenda ashuga amachitika:
- Mtundu woyamba. Amadziwika ndi kuwonongeka kwa maselo a kapamba ndi kuphwanya kwawo kupanga insulin. Koma ndi iyi timadzi timene timayambitsa kusokoneza ndi kufinya kwa shuga. Chifukwa chake, chikasowa, shuga samalowa m'maselo a minofu yofewa ndikuyamba kukhazikika m'magazi.
- Mtundu wachiwiri. Matendawa amadziwika ndi kugwira bwino ntchito kwa kapamba komanso insulin yokwanira m'thupi. Koma maselo a minofu yofewa ndi ziwalo zamkati pazifukwa zina amayamba kuzimvera nazo, chifukwa chake amasiya kuyamwa shuga mwa iwo, chifukwa chomwe amayamba kudziunjikira m'magazi.
- Okakamiza. Amadziwikanso kuti amayi oyembekezera, chifukwa ndi nthawi yomwe amapanga gestosis. Amadziwikanso ndi kuwonjezeka kwa shuga m'magazi, koma osati chifukwa chakuti ma cell a pancreatic awonongeka, koma chifukwa kuchuluka kwa insulin yomwe amapanga sikokwanira kupereka thupi la mkazi ndi mwana wake. Chifukwa chosowa insulini, shuga amayamba kupangika pang'onopang'ono, motero mbali yake yayikulu imakhazikika m'magazi. Matenda a shuga amtunduwu amaonedwa ngati matenda osakhalitsa ndipo amadutsa popanda kubadwa mwana.
Palinso lingaliro lina - shuga insipidus. Kukula kwake kumachitika motsutsana ndi maziko osakwanira kaphatikizidwe ka mankhwala a antidiuretic (ADH) kapena chifukwa chakuchepa kwa chidwi cha impso tubules kwa icho. M'milandu yoyamba komanso yachiwiri, kuwonjezeka kwamatumbo patsiku ndikuwoneka ngati ndi ludzu losasunthika kumawonedwa. Kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi sikuchitika ndi matenda awa, chifukwa chake amatchedwa shuga. Komabe, general Symbomatology ndi ofanana kwambiri ndi shuga wamba.
Popeza kuti shuga ali ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana, zomwe zimachitika chifukwa chakukula kwawo ndizosiyana. Ndipo kuti timvetsetse zomwe zimawopseza matenda ashuga, ndikofunikira kuganizira zamtundu uliwonse mwatsatanetsatane.
Matenda a shuga ali ndi zovuta zambiri, koma ngati chithandizo choyenera chitha, amatha kupewedwa.
Mtundu woyamba wa matenda ashuga ndi zotsatira zake
Ponena za kuopsa kwa matenda a shuga 1, tiyenera kunena kuti matendawa nthawi zambiri amayambitsidwa ndi chiyambi cha hyperglycemia ndi hypoglycemia. Poyamba, pali kuwonjezeka kwambiri kwa shuga m'magazi. Kuphatikiza apo, imatha kukwera m'magawo ovuta - 33 mmol / l ndikukweza. Ndipo izi, zimayamba chifukwa cha kuyambika kwa vuto la hyperglycemic, lomwe limangokhala osati kuwonongeka kwa maselo aubongo komanso chiopsezo cha ziwalo, komanso kumangidwa kwamtima.
Hyperglycemia nthawi zambiri imakhalapo m'mayendedwe odwala matenda ashuga motsutsana ndi jakisoni wa insulin, komanso chifukwa chosagwirizana ndi malangizo omwe adokotala amapeza akalandira zakudya. Komanso pankhani iyi, moyo wongokhala uli ndi gawo lofunikira. Popeza munthu akapita kuchepa, mphamvu zochepa zimamwedwa ndipo shuga wambiri amadziunjikira m'magazi.
Hypoglycemia ndi gawo lomwe kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi, M'malo mwake, amatsika mpaka mtengo wotsika (umakhala wochepera 3.3 mmol / l). Ndipo ngati sichinakhazikike (izi zimachitika mopepuka, ndikokwanira kutipatsa wodwalayo chidutswa cha shuga kapena chokoleti), pamakhala chiwopsezo chachikulu cha kukomoka kwa hypoglycemic, kameneka kamakhudzidwanso ndi imfa ya maselo aubongo ndikumangidwa kwamtima.
Poganizira izi, madokotala popanda kusiyanasiyana amalimbikitsa kuti onse odwala matenda ashuga azikhala ndi shuga m'magazi. Ndipo pakuchepa kapena kuwonjezeka, ndikofunikira kuyesa kusintha kuti ikhale.
Kuphatikiza apo kuti shuga imakhala yodzala ndi pafupipafupi kwa hyper- ndi hypoglycemia, ngati sichichiritsidwa, ikhoza kubweretsanso mavuto ena azaumoyo. Choyamba, shuga wokwezeka wamwazi nthawi zambiri amatsogolera ku kulephera kwa impso, komwe kungayambitse nephropathy komanso kulephera kwa impso.
Zizindikiro zazikulu za hyperglycemia
Kuphatikiza apo, mtima wam'magazi umakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi matendawa. Makoma amitsempha yamagazi amataya kamvekedwe, kayendetsedwe ka magazi kanasokonekera, minofu yamtima imayamba kugwira ntchito bwino, zomwe nthawi zambiri zimayambitsa kugunda kwa mtima ndi sitiroko. Chifukwa cha kufooka kwa magazi, maselo amtundu wa ubongo amayamba kupeza kuperewera kwa mpweya, motero magwiridwe ake amathanso kukhala opuwala ndikuwatsogolera pakupanga matenda osiyanasiyana amitsempha.
Tiyeneranso kudziwa kuti popanga matenda amtundu wa 1 shuga, kusinthika kwa khungu kumadwala. Mabala ndi mabala aliwonse amatha kukhala zilonda zam'mimba, zomwe zimaphatikizanso kukula kwa chilonda ndi zilonda zam'mimba. Zotsirizazo zikafika, pakufunika kuduladula dzanja.
Ambiri ali ndi chidwi ndi funso loti kodi ndizotheka kufa ndi matenda ashuga. Ndizosatheka kuyankha mosasamala. Tiyenera kunena kuti chiyembekezo cha moyo wamatendawa chimadalira wodwalayo mwiniyo ndi njira yake yamoyo. Akakwaniritsa malingaliro onse a dokotala, amalandira jakisoni wa insulin panthawi yake, ndipo ngati pali zovuta zilizonse amayamba kulandira chithandizo, akhoza kukhala ndi moyo mpaka ukalamba.
Komabe, pakhala pali nthawi zina pomwe odwala, ngakhale malinga ndi malamulo onse ochizira matenda ashuga, amwalira ndi matendawa. Ndipo chifukwa cha izi nthawi zambiri ndi matenda a cholesterol, omwe ndi satellite yapafupipafupi ya T1DM.
Zolemba za cholesterol
Ndi chitukuko chake, mafupa a cholesterol amapanga pamakoma a zotengera, omwe samangosokoneza kayendedwe ka magazi, komanso amatha kupatuka ndikufikira minofu ya mtima kudzera mumtsinje wamagazi. Akalowa mkatimo, minyewa yake imakhala yotsekedwa, ndipo izi zimakhala zomwe zimayambitsa matenda a mtima.
Ponena za zoopsa zina za matenda ashuga, ziyenera kudziwika kuti zitha kufalikira kuchokera ku mbadwo wina kupita ku wina. Nthawi yomweyo, zoopsa zopatsira mwana zimawonjezereka ngati makolo onse awiri akudwala matendawa.
Matenda a shuga m'magazi amuna nthawi zambiri amayambitsa kusokonekera kwa erectile komanso kukula kwa prostatitis, monga zimakhudzanso ndi dongosolo la genitourinary. Koma kwa azimayi, matendawa ndi oopsa ndimavuto akulu wokhala ndi mwana, kunyamula ndikubala.
Mukakalamba, matendawa angayambitse:
Zotsatira za matenda ashuga mwa akazi- Retinopathy Mkhalidwe momwe minyewa ya maso imakhudzidwira. Amadziwika ndi kuchepa kwa maonekedwe acuity.
- Encephalopathy Zowonongeka m'maselo aubongo.
- Neuropathy. Kuwonongeka kwa mitsempha yotsiriza komanso kuchepa kwamphamvu kwa khungu.
- Osterethropathy. Kuwonongeka kwa mawonekedwe a articular ndi mafupa.
- Ketoacidotic chikomokere. Ndizotsatira za ketoocytosis (kuchuluka kwa matupi a ketone m'magazi), komwe kumawonetsedwa ndi mawonekedwe a fungo la acetone kuchokera mkamwa, chizungulire, kugona ndi ludzu.
- Ku lactic acidosis. Izi zimachitika motsutsana maziko a kudzikundikira kwa lactic acid m'thupi. Imakhala yodzala ndi kuperewera kwa impso, chiwindi ndi mtima.
Ketoacidotic coma ndi chikomokere ndi lactic acidosis imatha kupha, chifukwa chake, zikaonekera, wodwalayo amafuna kuchipatala mwachangu
Type 2 matenda ashuga ndi zotsatira zake
Ponena za kuopsa kwa matenda a shuga a mtundu wachiwiri, tiyenera kudziwa kuti matendawa pawokha, kuwonjezera pa zilonda zam'mimba zathupi lathu, siziwopseza kwambiri. Koma ngati simupereka chithandizo chake, ndiye kuti chitha kukhala chomwe chimayambitsa kukula kwa matenda ashuga amtundu 1, zomwe zakambidwa kale pamwambapa.
Kuphatikiza apo, ndi T2DM palinso chiopsezo chachikulu cha hypoglycemia ndi hyperglycemia, chifukwa nthawi yomwe imakula imakhalanso ndi kudumphadumpha kwamagazi a shuga. Kuphatikiza apo, nthendayi imalandira zambiri kuposa T1DM. Mavuto omwe amabwera mwa ana amapanga 90%, bola ngati makolo onse ali ndi T2DM. Ngati wina wadwala, ndiye kuti mwina ana ake amapezeka ndi 50%.
Mtundu wachiwiri wa matenda samachitika kawirikawiri limodzi ndi zovuta zazikulu. Komabe, nthawi zambiri machitidwe azachipatala nthawi zambiri pamakhala matenda amtima wamatumbo komanso chinyengo chamkati chokhudza maziko ake. Monga lamulo, izi zimachitika chifukwa chakuti odwalawo pawokha samatsata malamulo a moyo omwe akuwonetsedwa mu T2DM. Wodwalayo akalandira mankhwalawo moyenera, amatsatira zakudya ndikuyamba kuchita masewera, ndiye kuti zotsatirapo zoyipa za T2DM ndizosowa kwambiri.
Matenda a shuga
Monga tafotokozera pamwambapa, kukula kwa matenda osokoneza bongo amachitika nthawi yapakati. Kwa mzimayiyu payekha, samayambitsa chiwopsezo ku thanzi, koma zimatha kubweretsa zovuta zambiri pakubala.
Kuphatikiza apo, ndikamakula kwa matenda ashuga wamagetsi pamakhala chiwopsezo chachikulu chotenga matenda a shuga kwa mwana. Chifukwa chake, pambuyo pobadwa kwa ana, ayenera kuyesedwa kwa matenda awa. Koma sizotheka kudziwa nthawi yomweyo. Chowonadi ndichakuti matendawa amakula pafupipafupi ndi kunenepa kwambiri, ndipo ngati mayi wongobadwa kumene amatha kusintha kulemera kwa mwana wake, ndiye kuti chiwopsezo cha matenda a shuga chingachepe kangapo.
Ndi matenda a shuga, mayi amafunika kumuyang'anira
Tiyeneranso kudziwa kuti shuga ya gestational panthawi yoyembekezera imapangidwanso ndi kuyamba kwa fetal hypoxia, chifukwa imakhalanso chifukwa cha kusokonezeka kwa magazi komanso kuperewera kwa oxygen kwa mwana. Chifukwa cha izi, amatha kupanga ma pathologies osiyanasiyana. Nthawi zambiri, zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi kugwira ntchito kwa ubongo ndi ubongo wamkati.
Ngati mayi wapezeka ndi matenda amtunduwu pa nthawi yapakati, samalandira chithandizo chachikulu chamankhwala. Pankhaniyi, tikulimbikitsidwa kuyang'anira shuga ndi magazi nthawi zonse. Pazomwezi, shuga yapadera ya calorie imayikidwa, yomwe imapatsa thupi mchere wofunikira ndi mavitamini, koma nthawi yomweyo samalola kuti iphatikize mafuta m'thupi.
Ngati chakudyacho sichikuthandiza ndipo matendawa akayamba, jakisoni wa insulini ndi mankhwala. Amayikidwa katatu patsiku nthawi yomweyo musanadye. Ndikofunika kwambiri kutsatira ndondomeko ya jakisoni, chifukwa ngati wasweka, pamakhala chiopsezo cha hyperglycemia ndi hypoglycemia, zomwe zingayambitse vuto lalikulu la fetal mu fetus.
Matenda a shuga
Matenda a shuga a shuga ndi oopsa kwambiri kuposa mitundu yonse yomwe ili pamwambayi. Chowonadi ndi chakuti ndi matenda awa madzi ambiri amachotsedwa m'thupi ndipo posakhalitsa madzi am'madzi amayamba, pomwe munthu wopitilira mmodzi wamwalira. Chifukwa chake, palibe chifukwa muyenera kulola kupititsa patsogolo kwa matendawa. Chithandizo chake chiyenera kuyamba pomwe atapezeka.
Chizindikiro choyamba cha matenda ashuga ndi ludzu losatha lokhudza shuga wabwinobwino
Tiyenera kudziwa kuti polyuria mu shuga insipidus imapitilira ngakhale madzi akumwa atachitika kale. Izi zimadziwika ndi:
- kusanza
- kufooka
- kulephera kudziwa;
- chizungulire
- kusokonezeka kwa malingaliro;
- tachycardia, etc.
Ngati, pakapezeka madzi am'madzi, palibe zoyeserera zomwe zimapangidwanso kuti abwezeretsere madzi osungirako m'thupi, ndiye kuti mavuto amachokera ku ziwalo zina zamkati ndi machitidwe. Ubongo, chiwindi, impso, mtima, mapapo, dongosolo lamanjenje lamkati - onsewo akuvutika ndi kusowa kwamadzi, magwiridwe antchito ake amakhala operewera, omwe amayamba chifukwa cha kuwoneka kwa zizindikiro zingapo, zomwe, titero, sizikugwirizana ndi kukula kwa matendawa.
Tiyenera kudziwa kuti, mosasamala mtundu wa shuga, ayenera kuthandizidwa mwachangu. Zowonadi, pafupifupi ziwalo zonse zamkati ndi machitidwe zimavutika nayo, zomwe zimatha kungoyambitsa zovuta, komanso kufa mwadzidzidzi. Komabe, ndizosatheka kuchitira nokha matenda ashuga, mutatha kuwerenga malangizo osiyanasiyana ndi malingaliro pamaforamu ndi masamba ena. Mutha kuchita izi pokhapokha ngati mukuyang'aniridwa ndi dokotala, kumangodutsa mayeso ndikuyang'anira momwe thupi lanu lilili.
Tsoka ilo, ndizosatheka kuchiritsa matenda ashuga, koma mutha kupewa kupezeka kwamavuto chifukwa chake kunayambira. Chachikulu ndikutsatira mosamalitsa malingaliro onse a dotolo ndikuwongolera moyo wolondola, pomwe palibe malo azikhalidwe zoyipa komanso zodetsa nkhawa.
