Kuchuluka kwa matenda ashuga sikudalira msinkhu komanso jenda, choncho vuto la shuga ndi vuto lofunikira kwambiri mwa ana, koma pali kusiyana kwakukulu pakati pa kukula kwa matendawa kuubwana ndi uchikulire. Mu ana, matenda a shuga a mtundu woyamba kapena omwe amadalira insulini nthawi zambiri amapezeka, ndipo mwa achikulire, m'malo mwake, matenda a shuga a mtundu wachiwiri amapezeka kawirikawiri - osagwirizana ndi insulin. Popeza matendawa ndi oopsa kwambiri, makamaka mawonekedwe a insulin, chithandizo cha matenda 1 a ana ayenera kuyambiranso posachedwa. Ngakhale predominance wa mtundu 1 odwala matenda ashuga, palinso milandu ya mapangidwe insulin zosagwira, mankhwalawa omwe ali osiyana kwambiri.
Mu kapangidwe ka matenda osachiritsika omwe amapezeka mwa ana, matenda a shuga amakhala m'malo otsogola, omwe amakhudzana kwambiri ndi zovuta za chitukuko cha thupi la mwana akadali achichepere, komanso zimatengera magwiridwe ankhondo. Mpakafika zaka zisanu, kupanga insulini m'thupi la mwana ndikosakhazikika, komwe kumalumikizidwa ndi voliyumu yaying'ono. Kuti mupeze matenda othandizira odwala matenda a shuga, ndikofunikira kumvetsetsa bwino zomwe zimayambitsa matendawa. Kumbukirani kuti mukaganizira kuti mwana wanu ali ndi matenda komanso kufunsira malangizo kwa endocrinologist, zotsatira zake zimakhala zovuta kukhala ndi thanzi lanu.
Zizindikiro zochititsa chidwi kwambiri za matendawa mu ana ang'ono ndizolakalaka kudya, kuchepa thupi komanso ludzu lalikulu
Zizindikiro za matenda ashuga mwa ana
Ndi chitukuko cha matenda a shuga 1 amwana, zizindikiritso zake zimakula msanga, zomwe zimapangitsa makolo kulabadira izi. Kukula kwa zizindikiro mpaka mitundu yayikulu kumachitika pakapita milungu ingapo. Zizindikiro zimawonekera motsatizana ndikuwonjezeka:
- Polyuria - kukodza pafupipafupi - chizindikiro choyamba cha matenda a shuga. Mwa ana amisinkhu yosiyanasiyana, chizindikirocho chimadziwoneka mosiyanasiyana. Pazing'onoting'ono kwambiri, osati kukakamiza kokhazikika komwe kumatha kuzindikirika, komanso milandu yokoka mosazindikira, yomwe nthawi zambiri imamasuliridwa ngati enursis, koma vutoli limakhala lalikulu kwambiri.
- Mwana amakhala woopsa komanso woletsa chifukwa cha vuto lalikulu la hyperglycemia.
- Pali ludzu lamphamvu komanso kusokonekera.
Zizindikiro zake zikazindikira msanga ndipo matendawa azindikirika, ndiye kuti mwayi waukulu wokhala ndi thanzi la mwana ndi wosasinthika. Chithandizo cha matenda ashuga mu ana ziyenera kuyamba pomwepo pofuna kupewa matenda owopsa omwe amakumana ndi hyperglycemia. Ngati matenda oopsa a endocrine monga matenda ashuga samalandiridwa, ndiye kuti matendawa amakula mosagwirizana ndi kukula kwamavuto ambiri ochokera ku ziwalo zambiri za mwana. Izi zikuwopseza moyo wabwinobwino. Tiyeni tiwone mwatsatanetsatane njira zomwe mungachiritsire matenda a shuga, kutengera mtundu wake. Mwanayo ayenera kulembedwa kuchipatala, komwe amayang'aniridwa ndi achipatala mpaka atakula.
Chithandizo cha matenda osokoneza bongo a insulin
Matenda a shuga 1 amtundu wa ana amakhala ochulukirapo kuposa achikulire, ndipo amatuluka mwaukali, popeza thupi la mwanayo silinapangidwe bwino. Zimakwiyitsa chitukuko cha matendawa nthawi zambiri, matenda aliwonse ovomerezeka omwe ana amakhala nawo nthawi zambiri. Mwachitsanzo, kusamutsira rubella kapena fuluwenza kumatha kuyambitsa kukula kwa machitidwe a autoimmune mthupi, kuphatikizapo kukula kwa matenda ashuga amtundu 1 mwa mwana.
Zotsatira zamachitidwe a autoimmune, ma cell a beta omwe amakhala ku zisumbu za Langerhans omwe amapezeka mu kapamba amasandulika achilendo kwa chitetezo chawo, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale zovuta za chitetezo cha mthupi zomwe zimawononga ma cell a beta komanso zimasokoneza kupanga insulin. Chifukwa cha kuwonongeka kwa maselo opitilira 90%, matendawo amawonekera, chifukwa insulini imaleka kupanga. Ndiye momwe mungachiritsire matenda ashuga amtundu woyamba, makamaka ngati adakula mwa mwana?
Lamulo lalikulu la mankhwala a insulin ndi kuphatikiza insulin
M'malo mankhwala
Kupewa kwa Matenda a shuga AnaZochizira matenda amtundu wa 1 shuga, mankhwala ogwiritsanso ntchito ma hormone amagwiritsidwa ntchito, omwe amakhala ndi kuwunika kwa magazi glycemia ndikuwongolera kukonzekera kwa insulin. Kuwunika kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi oyambitsidwa ndi ana kumatsimikiziridwa kawiri patsiku: m'mawa popanda kanthu komanso madzulo asanagone, osagwirizana ndi chakudya chomwe chidyedwa. Mlingo wa mayunitsi a insulin adzawerengeredwa mwachindunji pachakudya chilichonse ndipo zimatengera kalori ya mbale, zakudya ndi kuchuluka kwa mwana.
Ngati m'malo mwa insulin mankhwalawa ana, insulin yocheperako imagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka, chifukwa, chifukwa cha magwiridwe antchito a kagayidwe kachakudya ka ana, imapilira. Insulin ndi mankhwala omwe amafunika kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati akufuna kubayidwa. Kwa ana, zolembera zapadera za syringe zimapangidwa, zomwe zimakhala ndi singano yopyapyala ndi lakuthwa la laser kuti muchepetse ululu mu jakisoni. Zingwe za insulin zimachitika pansi pa khungu m'dera lakhomopo lamkati, kunja kwa ntchafu, kapena phewa.
Chithandizo chothandizira
Ndikofunika kwambiri kuti muchepetse zovuta za kuthamanga kwa glucose pazinthu za thupi pakanthawi. Choyamba, ndikofunikira kuteteza mtima ndi mtima, chifukwa endothelium iyi imalimbikitsidwa. Kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala a angioprotective, mwachitsanzo, ma Actovigin ndi ma vitamini zovuta, kumachepetsa mapangidwe a cholesterol, kumapangitsa kuti khoma la mtima lizigwira bwino, komanso kumakhala ndi zotsatira zabwino pazinthu zina ndi machitidwe ena.
Pancreatic beta cell transplant
Njirayi ili pa gawo la mayesero azachipatala ndipo akuyesedwa mwachangu. Ubwino waukulu pancreatic minus transplantation ndi kuchepa kwa ntchito ya mahomoni obwezeretsanso mankhwala ena kapena ngakhale kusakhalapo kwathunthu, koma zoterezi sizimapezeka. Njirayi imakhala ndikulowetsa nkhumba ndi akalulu omwe amachotsedwa mu minofu ya pancreatic mu portal vein system. Pakadali pano, njirayi siinapangidwe mokwanira ndipo singagwiritsidwe ntchito machitidwe azachipatala ambiri, kuphatikiza apo, pali chiopsezo chachikulu chokanidwa ndi ma cell a beta opereka, omwe amachepetsa kwambiri kuyendetsa bwino.
Type 2 shuga
Ngakhale kuti ana savutika kwambiri ndi matenda osokoneza bongo a insulin, mawonekedwe awa ali ndi malo. Cholinga cha mankhwalawa ndikuthandizira kupanga insulin ndi maselo a pancreatic a mwana komanso kuchepetsa kukana kwa insulin. Choyamba, mwana ayenera kusintha kadyedwe, chifukwa chachikulu chomwe chimayambitsa matenda a shuga a 2 ndi kuchuluka kwa calorie. Nthawi zambiri, chithandizo chamankhwala chimapereka kale zabwino ndipo imatha kukonza glycemia kwathunthu. Ngati muli ndi mitundu yapamwamba ya matendawa, kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwalawa ndikofunikira. Pakadali pano, Metformin, mankhwala omwe amachititsa kuti maselo azikhala ndi insulin, ndi othandiza kwambiri.
Kuyeza kwa shuga m'magazi ndikofunikira kwambiri pakuwazindikira
Mankhwala othandizira pakudya ndi masewera olimbitsa thupi
Chimodzi mwazinthu zofunika kwambiri pakukonzanso magazi a glycemia, kaya akhale ndi mtundu wanji wa matenda a shuga, ndichithandizo cha zakudya. Mfundo za kadyedwe koyenera, kutsika kwa zakudya zopatsa mphamvu mwa kuchepetsa mafuta omwe amakhala ndi zakudya zamafuta ambiri, zimapangitsa kuti pang'onopang'ono magwiridwe antchito awo. Endocrinologists amati chithandizo choyenera cha zakudya chimatha kukhala ndi theka pazochitika zambiri za wodwalayo, makamaka kwa ana omwe njira zake zothandizira zimakhala zamphamvu kwambiri.
Zakudya za mwana ziyenera kukhala ndi zokwanira zama calorie, ndizosatheka kuchotsa mapuloteni ndi chakudya chamagulu m'zakudya, chifukwa ndizofunikira panjira za anabolic, chifukwa mwana amakhala akupanga pafupipafupi.
Kuphatikiza pa chakudya chopatsa thanzi, ndikofunikira kuwongolera zochitika zolimbitsa thupi za mwana, popeza kusachita masewera olimbitsa thupi ndichimodzi mwazinthu zazikulu pakupanga ndi kupitilira kwa shuga kwa ana. Mitundu yokwanira imatha kuwonjezera zochita za metabolic ndikuthandizira kupewa kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo omwe ali ndi mawonekedwe osagwirizana ndi insulin. Ndikofunikira kuti katundu azikhala tsiku ndi tsiku komanso wogwirizana ndi msinkhu komanso kakulidwe ka mwana, popeza katundu wambiri amathandizanso kuti akhale ndi zotsatira zosayenera komanso thanzi labwino.
Kodi matenda ashuga angachiritsidwe?
Ngati mukuganiza ngati matenda ashuga angachiritsidwe, yankho lake lidzakhalaawiri. Pankhani ya matenda ashuga amtundu woyamba, mankhwala obwezeretsa m'malo mwake adzakhala amoyo wonse, atha kuthandiza kwambiri kukhala ndi thanzi labwino m'malo oyenera, koma sangathe kulimbana ndi chomwe chimayambitsa matendawa - kusakhalapo kwawo kwa insulin. Chithandizo chotere sichingathe kukhudza maulalo onse amtundu wa endocrine. Ngakhale ndizosatheka kuchiza matenda amtundu wa 1 shuga, amatha kulipidwa bwino ngati wodwala wochepa amathandizidwa molondola. Pankhani ya matenda a shuga a mtundu wachiwiri, mankhwalawo amatha kuthandizira poyambira matendawa. Kuti muchite izi, mumangofunika kusintha moyo wa mwana.
Kuchepetsa chakudya chama calorie ndikuwonjezera zochitika zolimbitsa thupi ngakhale popanda mankhwala osokoneza bongo kumatha kuyambitsa njira za metabolic mthupi komanso kuchepetsa magazi a hyperglycemia. Milandu yomwe matendawa adapezeka kuti adapezeka mochedwa, ndizotheka kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala amkamwa a hypoglycemic, omwe amathandiza kusintha bwino kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi. Mwachidule, titha kunena kuti ndizotheka kuchiritsa matenda a shuga m'mwana, chinthu chachikulu ndikukaika ndi kupeza matendawa nthawi.
