Magawo a shuga

Matenda a shuga ndi matenda oopsa omwe amakhudza anthu opitilira 20% padziko lapansi. Ndipo mwa iwo sikuti ndi akulu okha, komanso ana. Matendawa amadziwika ndi kukanika pang'ono kapena kokwanira pancreatic, komanso kuphwanya mafuta ndi kagayidwe kazakudya m'thupi. Kutengera mtundu ndi gawo la matenda ashuga, munthu akhoza kukhala ndi matenda osiyanasiyana omwe amasokoneza mankhwalawa matenda oyamba ndikuwonjezeranso vuto la wodwalayo.

Chinsinsi cha matendawa

Matenda a shuga ndi matenda omwe amakula omwe amayambitsa matenda mu thupi. Chifukwa cha kusokonezeka kwa chakudya cham'madzi ndi madzi, zovuta zina za kapamba zimachitika. Maselo ake amawonongeka ndipo kuchuluka kwa mahomoni (insulin) omwe amapangidwa ndi iye akucheperachepera. Koma ndi insulin yomwe imapangitsa kuti shuga asinthe kukhala shuga. Kuperewera kwake kumaonekera m'thupi, shuga amayamba kudziunjikira mwachangu m'magazi ndipo amamuchotsa kudzera mu mkodzo limodzi ndi mkodzo.

Zotsatira zake, maselo amthupi sangalandire mphamvu zomwe angafune kuti zizigwira ntchito bwino (mphamvu zawo ndizopanga glucose), kusiya kusungabe chinyezi mwa iwo ndikufa. Zotsatira zake ndikukula kwa matenda ena omwe angayambitse zotsatira zoyipa, mwachitsanzo, matenda oopsa, sitiroko, kuphwanya myocardial, ndi zina zambiri.

Matendawa amatha kukhala obadwa mwatsopano (ndiye kuti, angakule motsutsana ndi maziko a kubadwa kwa makolo) kapena otengedwa. Komabe, kuopsa kwa matendawa sikudalira izi konse. Anthu omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga amafunikanso kubwezeredwa ndi insulin komanso amavutika ndi zovuta. Komanso, ambiri mwa iwo ndi matenda ashuga retinopathy (kuchepa kwa masomphenya), phazi la matenda ashuga, atherossteosis, gangrene, kulephera kwaimpso ndi ena.

Njira zopangira matenda a shuga ndizofunikira, popeza pakadali pano madokotala amazindikira pang'ono. Izi ndichifukwa choti matendawa ali ndi mitundu iwiri yayikulu ndipo onse awiri ndi osiyana kwambiri wina ndi mnzake. Komabe, pali dzina lotchedwa hyperglycemic index, lomwe limatengedwa ngati maziko a matendawo. Kuti mumvetsetse zomwe zili, mawu angapo amafunika kuti afotokozedwe za matenda monga hyperglycemia, omwe ali amitundu yonse ya matenda ashuga.

Njira yopititsira patsogolo matenda a shuga

Hyperglycemia ndi mkhalidwe womwe umadziwika ndi shuga wokwera. Izi ndichifukwa choti shuga omwe amalowa mthupi ndi chakudya samakonzedwa ndi glucose chifukwa chosowa insulini. Potengera maziko awa, maselo amayamba kuvutika chifukwa chosowa mphamvu, popeza mahomoni amasiya kuyanjana nawo.

Kafotokozedwe kameneka ka chitukuko cha matenda ashuga kumachitika chifukwa chakuti hyperglycemia imatha kukhazikikanso motsutsana ndi maziko a ma pathologies ena, omwe amaphatikizapo:

Kodi matenda a shuga amatengera insulin

• hyperthyroidism (hyperthyroidism);
• zotupa za chinyezi cha adrenal (amapanga mahomoni omwe ali ndi insulin katundu);
• ntchito kwambiri ya adrenal glands (imatha kuchitika mothandizidwa ndi kusokonezeka kwa mahomoni oyambira, komanso kukula kwa matenda ena);
• matenda a chiwindi;
• somatostatinoma (mahomoni othandizira pancreatic chotupa);
• glucagonoma (chotupa chowopsa cha kapamba);
• hyperglycemia wosakhalitsa (wodziwika ndi kuwonjezeka kwakanthaŵi komanso kwakanthawi shuga m'magazi).

Popeza pali mikhalidwe yambiri momwe mulingo wa shuga m'magazi uli kunja kwa chizolowezi, zimadziwika kuti hyperglycemia ndiyomwe imachitika motsutsana ndi maziko a kuphwanya kwenikweni kwa insulin.

Kuyang'anira shuga wamagazi pafupipafupi kumakuthandizani kuzindikira matenda ashuga munthawi yake ndikuyamba chithandizo

Pachifukwa ichi, kuti adziwe zoyenera, madokotala ayenera kumuyesa wodwalayo kuti adziwe matenda omwe ali pamwambapa. Ngati pakuzindikira kupezeka kwawo kwatsimikiziridwa, ndiye kuti matenda a shuga pankhaniyi ndiwofunikira komanso ndi akanthawi. Mankhwalawa ndi othandizika, ndikosavuta kuyerekeza ndi matenda oyambitsidwa, chifukwa izi zimapangitsa kuti ma insulin abwezeretsedwe.

Ngati matenda omwe ali pamwambawa sanawonekere pakuyang'ana kwa wodwalayo, izi zitha kuwonetsa kukula kwa shuga yeniyeni. Komabe, pankhaniyi, kuti mupange kuzindikira koyenera komanso kupereka mankhwala, mayesero ena owonjezera afunikira.

Mitundu ya matenda ashuga

Monga tafotokozera pamwambapa, matenda ashuga amagawika m'mitundu iwiri yayikulu - yoyamba komanso yachiwiri. Mtundu uliwonse wa matenda ashuga uli ndi zomwe umasiyana nawo. Kuphatikiza apo, ngakhale chithandizo koyambirira kwa kukula kwawo kuli ndi machitidwe osiyana. Koma ziyenera kunenedwa kuti pakapita nthawi, zizindikiro za matendawa zimakhala zofanana kwa aliyense, ndipo njira zamankhwala ndizofanana ndi zomwezo - kukhazikitsidwa kwa mankhwala othandizira, omwe amatanthauza kugwiritsa ntchito jakisoni wa insulin.

Mtundu woyamba wa shuga

Type 1 shuga mellitus ndi matenda omwe thupi limayamba kuwononga maselo ake apachifungo, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti athetse insulin yonse. Pachifukwa ichi, matendawa amatchedwanso insulin, chifukwa pakakhala kuti palibe insulin m'magazi, shuga sangathe kuthyoledwa ndikulowetsedwa m'maselo.

Zizindikiro zazikulu za matenda amtundu 1

Odwala omwe apatsidwa matendawa amayankhidwa kuti alandire chithandizo choyambirira m'magawo a shuga. Ndipo popeza insulin imayamba kuphwanya m'mimba, kugwiritsa ntchito kwake mapiritsi ndikosatheka chifukwa sikungapangitse kufunika kwake. Chifukwa chake, odwala omwe ali ndi matenda amtundu woyamba wa 1 amapatsidwa jakisoni womwe umaperekedwa mosavomerezeka kapena kudzera m'mitsempha, ndikuyamba kulowa m'magazi, pomwe amayamba kugwiritsa ntchito njira zawo zochizira.

Kodi chiwopsezo cha matenda a shuga amtundu 1 ndi chiyani? Kukula kwake kumabweretsa kuwonongeka kwa pafupifupi ziwalo zonse zamkati ndi machitidwe. Choyamba, mtima ndi mitsempha ya khungu imavutika nayo. Ndi chitukuko chake, chiopsezo chotenga gangore, stroke kapena vuto la mtima chikuwonjezeka kangapo.

Type 2 shuga

Matenda a 2 a mtundu wa shuga amawoneka ngati matenda odziyimira pawokha ndipo amadziwika kwambiri ndi anthu omwe ali ndi matenda onenepa kwambiri azaka za 40 komanso kupitirira. Kukula kwa T2DM kumachitika chifukwa choti maselo amthupi amakhala ndi michere yambiri ndipo pang'onopang'ono amayamba kutaya insulin. Chifukwa cha izi, amasiya kuyamwa mphamvu mwa iwo okha ndikupanga shuga m'magazi.

Pankhaniyi, kugwiritsa ntchito jakisoni wa insulini ndikusankha, chifukwa kapamba sangasokonezeke popanga matendawa. Kuti achepetse kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi, zakudya zapamwamba zamoto zochepa zimayikidwa, zomwe zimapatula zakudya zomwe zimaperekedwa tsiku lililonse ndi wodwala zomwe zimathandizira kwambiri shuga. Izi zimaphatikizapo maswiti osiyanasiyana, makeke, zakudya zamafuta ndi nyama yokazinga, nyama zosuta, etc.

Zakudya zoyenera za matenda a shuga a mtundu wachiwiri zimapereka shuga ya magazi popanda kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala

Pokhapokha ngati zakudya zabwino ndikutsatira zolimbitsa thupi sizithandiza ndipo pali nthawi yothandizirana (kuwonongeka kwakukulu pakukhalanso komanso kuwonongeka kwa pancreatic), amapangira jakisoni wa insulin.

Gawo lachitukuko cha matenda ashuga

Pali magawo anayi a matenda ashuga, omwe ali ndi machitidwe ake a matendawa:

• Gawo loyamba. Ndiwophweka kwambiri, chifukwa kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi kumathandizanso kukhala ndi zakudya zoyenera komanso kumwa mankhwala ochepetsa shuga. Koma dziwani kuti matendawa samapezeka kawirikawiri pamtunduwu wa chitukuko chake, popeza kuchuluka kwa shuga sikupitirira 7 mmol / L ndipo sikumachotsedwa mkodzo. Nthawi yomweyo, wodwalayo amawona kuti ndiwokhutiritsa kwambiri ndipo sazindikira zizindikiro za matenda ashuga.
• Gawo lachiwiri. Pali kuwonjezeka kwa shuga m'magazi kuposa 7 mmol / l, pali zizindikiro za zovuta. Ndi chitukuko cha gawo lachiwiri la matenda ashuga, ziwalo zina ndi machitidwe zimakhudzidwa. Nthawi zambiri, pa nthawi imeneyi ya matenda, kuwonongeka kwa ziwonetsero, impso ndi mtima kumadziwika.
• Gawo lachitatu. Pa nthawi iyi ya matenda ashuga, kuchuluka kwa glucose m'magazi kumakwera mpaka 14 mmol / L ndipo kumayamba kukhathamiritsa mkodzo. Wodwalayo wanena zizindikiro za zovuta - kuwonongeka kwakuthwa m'masomphenya, dzanzi la miyendo, kudumphadumpha pamagazi, etc. Mankhwala ochepetsa shuga ndi zakudya sizimapereka zotsatira zabwino, chifukwa chake, jakisoni wa insulin adalembedwa kale chifukwa cha matenda a shuga a 3.
• Gawo lachinayi. Mtundu wotsiriza komanso wapamwamba kwambiri wamatendawa, omwe amadziwika ndi kuwonjezeka kwa shuga m'magazi mpaka milingo 25mmol / l ndikukwera kwambiri. Pakudutsa mayeso, kuoneka kwa kuchuluka kwa glucose komanso mapuloteni mumkodzo (omaliza sayenera kupezeka konse). Mkhalidwe wambiri ukukula. Kuphatikiza pa kusawona bwino komanso matenda oopsa, wodwalayo amapezeka kuti ali ndi vuto la impso, ndipo zilonda zam'mimba zimawonekera kumapeto, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale gangore. Pankhaniyi, zakudya, zolimbitsa thupi zolimbitsa thupi komanso kuchepetsa shuga sizimapereka zotsatira zabwino. Wodwalayo amakakamizidwa kuti "azikhala" nthawi zonse pa insulin ndipo nthawi zambiri amapita kuchipatala.

Matenda a shuga ndi omwe amapezeka kwambiri masiku ano.

Ndizosatheka kunena kuti matendawa amatenga nthawi yayitali bwanji kuchokera pachgawo chimodzi kupita kwina, chifukwa apa zonse zimatengera munthu iyemwini komanso momwe amawonera thanzi. Ngati amakonda kutsatira zakudya zonse ndikutsatira malangizo onse omwe adokotala amupeza akangomupeza ndi matenda ashuga, amatha kuthana ndi matendawa ndikuletsa kupewetsa mavuto pakumuka kwake.

Zizindikiro zazikulu

Matenda a shuga ndi matenda omwe amadziwika ndi ana komanso akulu omwe. Ndikofunikira kudziwa nthawi yoyenera chitukuko chake poyambira, popeza njira yokhayo yopewera kukula kwa zovuta motsutsana ndi maziko ake. Ndipo kuti muchite izi, ngati simukudziwa zizindikiro zoyambirira za matendawa, ndizosatheka.

Zizindikiro zoyambirira za matenda ashuga ndi izi:

• kamwa yowuma ndi ludzu losatha;
• kukodza pafupipafupi;
• Khungu;
• kufooka kwa minofu;
• kusintha kwa kulemera kwa thupi (zonse kuwonjezeka ndi kuchepa kwake kungawonedwe);
• kuchuluka kwa kuthamanga kwa magazi;
• mawonekedwe a thupi la mabala ndi ma pustule omwe amachiritsa kwa nthawi yayitali.

Ngati zizindikiro zingapo zakukula kwa matendawa zikuwoneka, ndikofunikira nthawi yomweyo kuyeza misempha ya magazi ndikulemba zotsatira zake mu diary. Ngati chiwonetsero chikuwonjezereka mosalekeza, muyenera kufunsa chithandizo kuchokera kwa dokotala. Osadzinyengerera mulimonsemo. Zithandizo za anthu pano sizikuthandiza, ndipo kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala molakwika kungangowonjezera matendawa.

Kuchiza matenda a shuga kumafuna kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala apadera, omwe angatengedwe pokhapokha ngati akuwongolera dokotala

Chithandizo cha matenda a shuga chimapangidwa nthawi zonse. Pankhaniyi, zinthu monga:

• mtundu wa matenda;
• gawo la chitukuko cha matenda;
• zaka odwala;
• kukhalapo kwa zodwala matenda odwala.

Monga lamulo, mankhwalawa a matenda a shuga mosalephera amaphatikiza chakudya chochepa-carb, zolimbitsa thupi zolimbitsa thupi, kumwa mankhwala ochepetsa shuga komanso a chizindikiro. Pazovuta pancreatic, jakisoni wa insulin amagwiritsidwa ntchito.

Ngakhale kuti shuga ndi matenda oopsa omwe amawonedwa ngati osachiritsika, si chiganizo kwa munthu. Kutsatira malingaliro onse a dokotala kumathandizira kupewa zovuta ndikutsata njira yodziwika.