Mtundu 1 ndi mtundu 2 shuga wa insulin

Matenda a shuga m'lingaliro lenileni ndi mliri wa zaka za zana la 21. Malinga ndi ziwerengero, mpaka 5% ya anthuwa ali ndi vuto la endocrine lomwe limayenderana ndi matenda a shuga. Chiwerengerochi ndiwokwera kwambiri mmaiko omwe ali ndiwotukuka kwambiri. Kutengera mtundu wa matenda ashuga komanso kuopsa kwa mawonetseredwe azachipatala, njira yayikulu yothandizira kuti mukhale ndi moyo wabwino ndikuchiritsira m'malo.

Mu nthawi yayitali, insulin yothandizira odwala matenda ashuga imalola kukhalanso ndi thanzi labwino, ndikuchepetsa kupitilira kwa zovuta zomwe zimakhudzana ndi kusokonezeka kwa metabolic m'thupi la wodwala yemwe ali ndi matenda a shuga, mosasamala mtundu wa matenda.

Kodi mankhwala a insulin ndi ati?

Mankhwala a insulin ndi njira yokwaniritsira yolimbikitsa odwala omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga. Izi makamaka zimakhudza anthu omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga a mtundu woyamba. Ine.e. ndi kuperewera kwenikweni kwa insulin. Kulipiritsa kwamatenda a metabolic mwa wodwala kumatheka pokhapokha kuwunika kuchuluka kwa glycemia kapena shuga m'magazi a venous ndikuyambitsa kuchuluka kwa insulin, kutengera kuchuluka kwa chakudya chomwe chimadyedwa.

Kodi mankhwala a insulin amagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi ziti?

Hormone m'malo mankhwala n`kofunika milandu:

• Mtundu woyamba wa matenda ashuga, pomwe ma insulin amapezeka mthupi la wodwalayo.
• Ndi matenda amtundu wa 2 shuga, chifukwa cha matendawa. Popita nthawi, matenda a shuga a 2 amasintha kukhala mawonekedwe a insulin.
• Pokonzekera odwala omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga othandizira kuchititsa opaleshoni iliyonse.

Sungani syringe kapangidwe ka insulin yosavuta komanso yotetezeka

Type 1 matenda a shuga a insulin

Chithandizo cha insulin cha mtundu woyamba wa shuga ndi njira yayikulu yothandizira, popeza kupanga insulin kwathunthu kumayima m'thupi la wodwalayo. Izi zimachitika chifukwa cha kuwonongeka kwa autoimmune ku maselo a beta omwe amakhala ndi zisumbu za Langerhans zomwe zikupezeka. Algorithm yothandizira odwala omwe ali ndi mtundu woyamba wa shuga imaphatikizanso kuyang'ana kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi a venous. Pa izi, odwala onse omwe ali ndi mtundu woyamba ayenera kukhala ndi glucometer yolemba. Kuyeza shuga la magazi kuyenera kuchitidwa kawiri patsiku: m'mawa - pamimba yopanda kanthu komanso madzulo - kuwongolera. Kusintha kwakukuru m'moyo wabwino, muyeso wowonjezera wa glucose umachitika kuti muthe kuwongolera pambuyo pake ndi insulin.

Kuwerengera kwa insulin

Momwe mungabayitsire insulin

Pambuyo pa kupenda kwa glycemia komanso kuchuluka kwa chipukutiro cha thupi, komanso kuchuluka kwa zovuta zama metabolic. Akatswiri a endocrinologist amapereka insulin yomwe akufuna. Kuwerengedwa kwa mankhwalawa kumachitika chifukwa cha zakudya zomwe zimadyedwa, zomwe zimayeza mikate. Kuyeza kwa insulin kumachitika m'magawo (UNITS).

Mlingo wa insulin wa tsiku ndi tsiku umagawidwa m'magawo awiri a 2-3 ndipo umaperekedwa tsiku lililonse nthawi yomweyo. Dongosolo lotere ndilothandiza, chifukwa limafanana ndi kubisika kwa mahomoni ake, omwe amalumikizana kwambiri ndi thupi. Monga muyezo, 2/3 ya tsiku ndi tsiku mlingo amaperekedwa m'mawa ndi 1/3 kumapeto kwausiku. Ndikothekanso kupatsa insulin mukangodya chakudya kuti muchepetse shuga m'magazi a venous.

Kodi insulin imayendetsedwa bwanji?

Kuti zitheke, wodwalayo amatha kugula cholembera chapadera. Insulin imayang'aniridwa pang'onopang'ono, kuchokera pomwe imalowa pang'ono ndi pang'ono ndipo imalowa mu kayendedwe kazinthu, pogwiritsa ntchito mphamvu yake mwachindunji. Masamba a jakisoni amayenera kusinthidwa pafupipafupi kuti apewe kulowetsedwa m'deralo la jakisoni. Ma cholembera a syringe ali ndi chida chapadera chokhazikitsa makatiriji ndi insulin. Mlingo wofanana wa insulini umapewa zoyipa zoyipa, chifukwa mankhwalawa ndi othandizira.

Njira imodzi yatsopano yobayira insulin m'thupi ndi kugwiritsa ntchito pampu ya insulin. Kuchiza kwa insulin ndiko kuvala kosalekeza kwa chipangizo - pampu ya insulin, yomwe imakhala ndi yake dispenser. Ubwino wa pampuyo umaphatikizapo mulingo woyenera wa insulin, womwe umatsimikizira kupanga kwa insulin. Kuchuluka kwa insulini kumayendetsedwa mwachindunji ndi pampu ndikuwunika pafupipafupi kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi, kotero kuiwala kulowa muyeso wa insulin sikugwira ntchito. Komabe, kugwiritsa ntchito pampu kumalumikizana ndi mavuto angapo, chifukwa kumafunikira kukhalapo kwa singano mthupi la wodwala yemwe ali ndi matenda ashuga, omwe angapangitse kuti matendawa alowe.

Type 2 matenda a shuga a insulin

Ngakhale matenda a shuga a mtundu wa 2 sawononga ma cell a pancreatic beta, dziko lodalira insulin silingapewe. Mthupi la wodwalayo, kuchepa kwa insulini pang'onopang'ono kumakulirakulira, komwe pakupita nthawi kumafuna kukonza pokhazikitsa insulin. Kugwirizana kwa insulini pakapita nthawi kumayambitsa kuchepa kwa mphamvu yazinsinsi zama cell awo a beta, omwe amaphatikizidwa ndi hyperglycemia yosalekeza. Kumayambiriro koyamba kwa matenda a shuga 2, maselo a beta, m'malo mwake, amatulutsa kuchuluka kwa insulini yawo, koma ndi kupitilira kwake, amatha, zomwe zimafunikira kuti asamutsidwe matenda ashuga asinthe.

Mankhwala a insulin a 2 mtundu wa shuga amakhala osasiyana ndi matenda amtundu 1, komabe, mlingo wa insulin pamenepa ndi wotsika kwambiri kuposa kufooka kwathunthu kwa insulin. Pafupifupi, kusinthana kwa mankhwala othandizira odwala matenda ashuga ndi mawonekedwe osagonjetseka kumachitika patapita zaka zisanu ndi chiwiri atayamba matendawa.

Zowonetsa kusintha kwa mankhwala othandizira omwe ali ndi mtundu wa 2 ndi omwe ali motere:

• kupita patsogolo mwachangu kwa endocrine ndi metabolic matenda;
• kukula kwa mavuto a shuga;
• chiopsezo chachikulu cha matenda amtima;
• opaleshoni;
• kuchepa mphamvu pakugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala othandizira pakudya ndi mankhwala ochepetsa shuga;
• kukhalapo kwa kuvulala ndi matenda opatsirana oyamba ndi otupa.

Zonsezi pamwambapa zimafunikira chithandizo chamankhwala.

Mankhwala a insulin

Monga lamulo, chithandizo cha matenda a shuga mellitus mothandizidwa ndi insulin mankhwala amachitika molingana ndi njira zopangidwa mwapadera. Chiwembu cha insulini chimapangidwa ndi endocrinologist pambuyo pa kufufuza kwathunthu komanso kukhazikitsidwa kwa matenda azachipatala. Mu endocrinology yamakono, njira yochizira wodwala aliyense payekha imapambana. Komabe, pali mitundu ingapo ya mankhwala othandizira odwala matenda ashuga. Asanapereke dongosolo linalake, wodwalayo amafunika kusunga diary yapadera mkati mwa sabata, momwe amalembera zotsatira za glucomet katatu pa tsiku ndikulemba zinthu zomwe zimapangitsa zotsatira zake.

Magawo otsatirawa akuyenera kuwonetsedwa mu diary:

• nthawi ndi kuchuluka kwa chakudya;
• kuchuluka kwa chakudya chodyedwa ndi kapangidwe kake;
• zotengeka zokhudzana ndi njala kapena kudya kwambiri;
• zochitika zilizonse zolimbitsa thupi ndi nthawi yake;
• nthawi, pafupipafupi komanso Mlingo wa mankhwala ochepetsa shuga;
• matenda oyanjana kapena njira zopatsirana komanso zotupa.

Pambuyo polemba diwo ndi kuipenda, katswiriyo amasankha mtundu wa chithandizo chamankhwala malinga ndi mfundo zofunika kwambiri za mankhwala obwezeretsanso mahomoni.

Chiwembu Cha Basis Bolus

Zinaonedwa kuti m'thupi lamunthu wathanzi, katulutsidwe ka timadzi tating'onoting'ono timene timakhudzana ndi mahomoni amachitika nthawi inayake. Kupanga kwapansi pa insulin ya munthu kumachitika usiku kugona kapena nthawi yayitali pakati pa chakudya. Basic insulin amalimbikitsa bwino mayamwidwe am'magazi ndipo amasunga ake zokhudza thupi ndende mu plasma.

Nthawi yakudya, chakudya chochuluka chimaphatikizidwa, chomwe chimasweka, ndikupanga glucose, ndipo kuchuluka kwa owonjezera m'magazi kumawonjezeka. Pofuna kupewa hyperglycemia, amasungunulira insulin, yomwe imathandiza kuti shuga azilowa mu minofu ndikuchepetsa kuchuluka kwake m'magazi. Pambuyo pobwezeretsa mulingo wabwinobwino wa glycemia, kubisalira kwa mahomoni - glucagon - kumatulutsidwa ndikuwabwezeretsa bwino.

Pankhani ya kuchepa kwa insulin kwa odwala matenda ashuga, kupanga mitundu iwiri yonse ya insulini kumasokonezeka, ndipo basal-bolus scheme imapangidwa mwanjira yoti azitha kutsanzira insulin. Mankhwala, insulin imagwiritsidwa ntchito, yonse yokhala yayitali komanso yochepa komanso yochepa kwambiri. Mlingo umasankhidwa malinga ndi kuopsa kwa matenda ashuga komanso kupezeka kwa zovuta.

Dera lokhazikika

Munjira imeneyi, odwala amatenga insulin yosakanikirana yosiyanasiyana. Nthawi yomweyo, kuchuluka kwa jakisoni watsiku ndi tsiku kumachepetsedwa, komabe, mawonekedwe awa ndi othandiza kokha mwa odwala omwe ali ndi mitundu yochepa ya matenda a shuga komanso kuchepa kwa magazi a hyperglycemia.

Chithandizo cha insulin

Njira yotsogola kwambiri komanso yatsopano ya mahomoni. Pakadali pano, kugwiritsa ntchito pampu sikotheka kwa onse odwala, pali zifukwa zingapo:

• Mtengo wokwera wa pampu ya insulin.
• Makampani ochepa omwe amapanga mapampu.

Zotsatira Zaothana ndi Zotsatira

Kuyang'anira magazi glycemia komanso kusungidwa kwa shuga m'magwiridwe ake, odwala omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga amatha kukhalabe m'chipindacho kwa nthawi yayitali. Ndi chithandizo cha insulin choyenera, ndizotheka kuchedwetsa zovuta zazikulu zomwe zimakhudzana ndikuphwanya mitundu yonse ya njira za metabolic m'thupi kwazaka zambiri. Komabe, monga mitundu yonse ya chithandizo, mankhwala a insulin ali ndi zovuta komanso zotsatirapo zake.

Mavuto

Mavuto a insulin mankhwala amagwirizanitsidwa ndi zochuluka za zochitika za timadzi timeneti. Insulin, yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mankhwala osokoneza bongo, imapangidwa mopanga kapena nusu-synt syntly. Insulin yoyamba inali nkhumba ndipo zimayambitsa matupi awo chifukwa cha chitetezo chamthupi cha odwala matenda a shuga. Pali zovuta zitatu kuchokera ku mankhwalawa.

Thupi lawo siligwirizana

Mwa anthu ena, kuyamwa kwa mankhwala opanga mahomoni amachititsa thupi kugwidwa, komwe kumapangitsa kuti pakhale tsankho. Chithandizo cha odwala chotere chimakhala chovuta kwambiri, chifukwa amafunika kuwunika momwe wodwala alili. Nthawi zina thupi la ziwengo limayamba chifukwa cha njira yolakwika yoperekera jakisoni wa mankhwala, wodwalayo akamagwiritsa ntchito masingano obowoka kapena kuvulaza mankhwala ozizira.

Hypoglycemia

Kuphwanya kofala kwambiri komwe kumachitika mwa odwala ambiri. Makamaka odwala omwe asankhidwa kuti akhale ndi insulin m'malo mwake. Hypoglycemia - kuchepa kwa kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi m'munsimu mwabwinobwino (3 mmol / l). Vutoli limatsatiridwa ndi kufooka kowopsa, chizungulire komanso kumva kuti muli ndi njala yayikulu.

Zonsezi zimachitika chifukwa chakuti glucose ndiye gwero lalikulu la zakudya ndi mphamvu yama cell am'mitsempha muubongo, ndipo ndi kuchepa kwakukulu chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa insulin, ubongo sukhala ndi mphamvu zokwanira, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ntchito za thupi zonse zisayende bwino. M'mavuto akulu kwambiri, kumwa mankhwala a insulin ambiri kungayambitse vuto la hypoglycemic.

Lipodystrophic amasintha pakhungu

Kugonjera kwa insulin mankhwala kumachitika kwa moyo wonse, ndipo izi zimadzetsa kuti wodwala yemwe ali ndi matenda osokoneza bongo amakakamizika kupaka jekeseni mosalekeza. Subcutaneous makonzedwe ndi kupanga mtundu wa madontho a insulin kumabweretsa kuti resorption kapena pang'onopang'ono resorption wa subcutaneous mafuta, amene amapanga zodziwika bwino zodzikongoletsera. Nthawi zambiri zolakwika zotere zimapangidwa pomwe osagwirizana ndi kusintha kwa malo a jakisoni a insulin.

A shuga a insulin lipodystrophy pamimba

Mavuto onse ali pamwambawa a insulin mankhwala amatha kupewa ndi njira yabwino yochizira matenda anuanu. Kusintha kwakanthawi kwamano Ndikulimbikitsidwanso kuti odwala omwe ali ndi matenda osokoneza bongo omwe amakhala ndi mankhwala obwezeretsanso mahomoni nthawi zonse azikhala ndi maswiti angapo kuti atagwiritsa ntchito kwambiri insulin, amatha kuwongolera mofulumira hypoglycemia. Mverani thupi lanu ndipo khalani wathanzi!