Matenda a shuga amatchedwa pathology, omwe amadziwika ndi vuto la metabolic, lomwe ma polysaccharides omwe amalowa mthupi samamwa bwino, ndipo kuwonjezeka kwa shuga m'magazi kumafika pazovuta zambiri. Mitundu yotsatirayi ya matendawa ilipo: wodalira insulin (mtundu 1), wosadalira insulini (mtundu 2). Chithandizo cha mitundu yonse ya "matenda okoma" ndizosiyana. Njira zakuchizira ndizovuta komanso zingapo. Chithandizo cha matenda a shuga 1 amitundu yodziwika bwino ndi wowerengeka amatchulidwa munkhaniyi.
Zolemba za matendawa
Mtundu wa "matenda okoma" omwe amadalira insulin amakula pafupipafupi ubwana kapena unyamata. Njira ya pathological imadziwika ndi insulin yokwanira ya pancreatic hormone insulin, chifukwa chomwe thupi limalephera kugwiritsa ntchito shuga. Ziwalo sizilandira mphamvu zokwanira, chifukwa chomwe magwiridwe ake ogwira ntchito amasokonezeka.
Chifukwa chachikulu chakukhazikitsidwa kwa mtundu woyamba wa shuga chimawerengedwa kuti ndi chibadwa cham'tsogolo. Komabe, chimodzi mwazomwe zimayambitsa matendawa sichokwanira. Monga lamulo, gawo lofunikira limaseweredwa ndi matenda a virus komanso kuwonongeka kwa kapamba, zomwe zimapangitsa kuwonongeka kwa maselo achinsinsi a insulin.
Magawo otsatirawa a mtundu wa "matenda okoma" omwe amadalira insulin alipo:
- kupezeka kwa chidwi ndi matendawa;
- kuwonongeka kwa maselo ndi zinthu zingapo zopsereza komanso kukhazikitsidwa kwa kusintha kwa masinthidwe amthupi ndi thupi;
- gawo la yogwira autoimmune insulitis - magwiridwe antchito ndiwokwera, kuchuluka kwa ma cell a insulin-secretory kumachepetsedwa, mahomoni amapangidwa osakwanira ambiri;
- yogwira kuchepetsa insulin katulutsidwe - zina, wodwalayo amatha kudziwa kuphwanya shuga, kuthamanga kwa shuga wa plasma;
- kutalika kwa matendawa ndi kutuluka kwa chithunzi chowoneka bwino cha chipatala - maselo opitilira 85% am'maselo a Langerhans-Sobolev a kapamba awonongedwa;
- kuwonongedwa kwathunthu kwa maselo a ziwalo komanso kuchepa kwamphamvu kwa insulin.
Kuperewera kwa insulin ndi hyperglycemia ndizowonetsera zazikulu zamatenda omwe amadalira insulin
Mawonetseredwe akulu am matendawa
Pa matenda amtundu wa 1 wodwala, wodwalayo amadandaula za zotsatirazi: ludzu la m'magazi, kutulutsa mkodzo kwambiri komanso ziwalo zowuma za mucous. Kulakalaka kwambiri kumachitika limodzi ndi kunenepa kwambiri. Pali kufooka, kuchepa kwa kuwona kwakumaso, kuzungulira kwa pakhungu pakhungu. Odwala amadandaula kuti amakonda kupatsirana matenda apakhungu.
Kupanda thandizo pamlingo wa mawonetsedwe otere kumabweretsa kuti matendawo akupita patsogolo.
Zovuta zopweteka komanso zopweteka zimayamba:
Momwe mungachiritsire matenda ashuga- zilonda zam'mimba za m'munsi zam'munsi;
- kuphwanya chinsinsi cha ntchito m'mimba ndi matumbo;
- kuwonongeka kwa zotumphukira zamanjenje;
- kuwonongeka kwa katswiri wowonera;
- matenda a kwamikodzo dongosolo, makamaka impso;
- matenda ashuga encephalopathy;
- Imachedwetsa kukula kwa thupi kwa ana.
Mfundo zakuchiritsa matenda
Odwala omwe atsimikiziridwa kuti apezeka ndi matenda omwe amadalira insulin amafunsidwa ndi dokotala wawo ngati mtundu wa 1 wa matenda ashuga ungachiritsidwe kwamuyaya. Mankhwala amakono sangathetsenso wodwalayo matendawa, komabe, njira zatsopano zamankhwala zimatha kubwezeretsa chindapusa cha matendawa, kuletsa kukula kwa zovuta komanso kukhalabe ndi moyo wabwino wodwala pamlingo wambiri.
Chithandizo cha matenda a shuga 1 amakhala ndi zinthu zotsatirazi:
- mankhwala a insulin;
- kukonza munthu chakudya;
- zolimbitsa thupi;
- physiotherapy;
- kuphunzitsa.
Endocrinologist - wothandizira wamkulu polimbana ndi "matenda okoma"
Mawonekedwe Amphamvu
Nutritionists ndi endocrinologists amalimbikitsa kuti wodwalayo azitsatira manambala 9. Kutengera ndi matenda omwe amapezeka, kuchuluka kwa thupi la wodwala, jenda, zaka, kupezeka kwa zovuta ndi zisonyezo za glycemia, dokotala wopezekayo amasintha menyu wodwala.
Zakudya nambala 9 zikusonyeza kuti chakudya chimayenera kuperekedwa nthawi zambiri, koma pang'ono. Kuchuluka kwa chakudya chamafuta kumakhala kochepa, makamaka ma polysaccharides (fiber fiber, fiber) amagwiritsidwa ntchito. Izi ndizofunikira popewa kulumpha lakuthwa m'magazi a magazi, koma nthawi yomweyo kuti thupi lilandire zokwanira "zomanga".
Kalori yatsiku ndi tsiku imawerengeredwa payekhapayekha. Kuchuluka kwa mapuloteni muzakudya za tsiku ndi tsiku kumawonjezeka chifukwa cha zinthu zomwe zimachokera kuzomera, ndipo kuchuluka kwa mafuta, m'malo mwake, kumachepa (kudya kwa lipids za nyama ndikochepa). Wodwala ayenera kukana shuga konse. Itha m'malo ndi zotsekemera zachilengedwe (uchi, mapulo manyuchi, stevia Tingafinye) kapena kupanga zina (fructose, xylitol).
Mavitamini ndi michere yokwanira iyenera kubwera, chifukwa amachotsedwa mthupi motsutsana ndi polyuria. Makonda amasankhidwa kuphika, ophika, chakudya chophika, ndi zotupa. Kuchuluka kwa madzi akumwa sayenera kupitirira 1500 ml patsiku, mchere - mpaka 6 g.
Ngati matenda a shuga akuphatikizidwa ndi nthawi yobala mwana, ndikofunikira kuti muchepetse zopatsa mphamvu za tsiku ndi tsiku mpaka 1800 kcal. Izi zimachepetsa chiopsezo cha zovuta m'mayi ndi mwana. Madzi ndi mchere wolowera uyeneranso kukhala ochepa kuti muchepetse nkhawa pamiyendo ndikuti mupeze matenda a kwamitsempha.
Mankhwala othandizira zakudya - kuthekera kukwaniritsa chipukuta cha matenda a shuga
Pazakudya za ana odwala, payenera kukhala zakudya zazing'ono pakati pa chakudya, musanayambe kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi, masewera olimbitsa thupi osiyanasiyana. Ngati palibe zovuta za matenda oyambitsidwa, kuchuluka kwa zinthu zomangamanga kuyenera kufananizana ndi msinkhu komanso thupi la mwanayo. Ndikofunikira kuwerengera moyenera mlingo wa insulin, kudziwa pafupifupi chakudya.
Zochita zolimbitsa thupi
Ndizovuta kwambiri kuchiza matenda ashuga amtundu woyamba popanda kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi mokwanira. Masewera ali ndi zotsatirazi mthupi la wodwalayo:
- kumawonjezera chiwopsezo cha minyewa ndi maselo kupita ku mahomoni;
- kumawonjezera mphamvu ya insulin;
- imalepheretsa chitukuko cha matenda a mtima ndi mitsempha yamagazi, chosanthula chowoneka;
- kubwezeretsa zowonetsa;
- imathandizira kagayidwe kachakudya.
Ogwira ntchito zaumoyo amalimbikitsa kuti asankhe masewera omwe sangakhudze kwambiri zowonera, kwamikodzo, mtima, ndi miyendo. Amaloledwa kuyenda, kulimbitsa thupi, tennis ya tebulo, kusambira, masewera olimbitsa thupi. Ndi matenda a shuga a mtundu woyamba, mutha kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi osaposa mphindi 40 patsiku.
Zokwanira zolimbitsa thupi - gawo la zovuta mankhwala a endocrine matenda
Ndi kulimbitsa thupi kosalekeza, ndikofunikira kuchepetsa mlingo wa insulin yomwe mumalandira. Izi zidziteteza ku kukula kwa hypoglycemia. Kuphatikiza apo, muyenera kukhala ndi chilichonse chokoma ndi inu. Musanayambe kusewera masewera, muyenera kuyeza shuga wamagazi, ndipo mukamachita masewera olimbitsa thupi muyenera kuyendetsa bwino kugunda kwanu komanso kuthamanga kwa magazi.
Mankhwala a insulin
Kutengera mtundu wa matendawo, mankhwalawa amafunika pafupifupi 40% pamavuto onse azachipatala. Cholinga cha mankhwalawa ndi motere:
- normalization wa saccharide metabolism (njira yoyenera ndikusinthira shuga m'magazi ndikutchinjiriza kuwonjezeka kwake chakudya chikamalowa mthupi, mokwanira - kuthetsa mawonetseredwe azachipatala);
- kukhathamiritsa kwa zakudya ndi kukonza zizindikiritso zoyenera za thupi;
- kukonza lipid kagayidwe;
- kukonza moyo wa wodwala;
- kupewa mavuto a mtima ndi minyewa chikhalidwe.
Mankhwala othandiza
Pakadali pano, mankhwalawa osankhidwa ndi a insulin yaumunthu yopangidwa mwanjira kapena mtundu wa biosynthetic, komanso mitundu yonse ya mankhwala omwe amapezeka pamaziko ake. Mankhwala amakono omwe amaperekedwa ndikulembetsedwa amasiyana m'njira zawo: Mankhwalawa ogwirira ntchito, a nthawi yayitali komanso osakhalitsa.
Mayankho omwe amachitika mwachidule akuphatikizapo Actrapid NM, Humulin-wokhazikika, Biosulin. Oimira awa amadziwika ndi kukwera msanga kwa zotsatirazo komanso kufupika kwa kuchitapo kanthu. Amayendetsedwa mosavuta, koma ngati ndi kotheka, jakisoni wamkati kapena wamkati ndikotheka.
Mankhwala a nthawi yayitali akuphatikizapo Humulin-basal, Biosulin N, Protofan NM. Zochita zawo zimatha mpaka maola 24, zomwe zimachitika patatha maola 2-2,5 pambuyo pa kutsata. Oimira kukonzekera kwakutali - Lantus, Levemir.
Mankhwala a insulin - maziko a mankhwalawa a matenda a mtundu 1
Dongosolo la chithandizo cha munthu payekha limaperekedwa ndi adokotala. Zimatengera izi:
- zolimbitsa thupi;
- kulemera thupi;
- nthawi yopanga hyperglycemia;
- kukhalapo kwa shuga ambiri mutatha kudya;
- zaka odwala;
- kupezeka kwa "mbandakucha" chodabwitsa.
Zithandizo zamankhwala
Nkhani zaposachedwa kwambiri pochiza matenda a shuga omwe amadalira insulin amati kugwiritsa ntchito njirazi:
- Kugwiritsa ntchito maselo a tsinde. Iyi ndi njira yodalirika yomwe mungathetsere mavuto a matenda a carbohydrate metabolism. Chinsinsi chake ndikukula maselo achinsinsi a insulin m'malo oberekera. Njira imeneyi imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ku China, Germany, USA.
- Kuthiridwa kwamafuta a brown ndi njira yatsopano yomwe imachepetsa kufunika kwa thupi ka insulin ndikubwezeretsa kagayidwe kazakudya. Njira zimachitika chifukwa chogwirika ndi mamolekyulu a shuga ndimaselo a bulauni.
- Katemera. Katemera wapadera wapangidwa yemwe amayang'anira kuteteza maselo a pancreatic kuti asawonongeke ndi chitetezo cha mthupi. Zinthu zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito zimaletsa kutupa mthupi ndikuletsa kupititsa patsogolo kwa matendawa.
Physiotherapy
Njira imodzi yochizira matenda ashuga. Nthawi zambiri, odwala amapatsidwa electrophoresis. Iyi ndi njira yochokera pakukhudzana ndi mankhwalawa. Potengera maziko a "matenda okoma", electrophoresis ya zinc, mkuwa ndi potaziyamu imagwiritsidwa ntchito. Kudzimbidwa kumakhala ndi phindu pa zomwe zimachitika mthupi, kumapangitsa kagayidwe kachakudya ka magazi, kumachepetsa glycemia.
Kugwiritsa ntchito physiotherapy njira yopititsira patsogolo thanzi la odwala matenda ashuga
Potaziyamu electrophoresis ndiyofunikira kubwezeretsanso kuchuluka kwa kufufuza zinthu mthupi chifukwa cha kuphipha kwake mkodzo. Magnesium imafunika pakuyenda bwino kwa kagayidwe, kayendedwe ka cholesterol ndi shuga, komanso kusintha kwa kapamba. Ngati angiopathy yam'munsi yotsika imagwiritsidwa ntchito, electrophoresis ya sodium thiosulfate kapena novocaine imagwiritsidwa ntchito, chifukwa chomwe kupweteka kumachepetsedwa, ndipo zimatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito ndi anti-sclerotic.
Magnetotherapy, yomwe imakhala ndi analgesic, immunomodulating and angioprotective zotsatira, imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri. Inductothermy (pogwiritsa ntchito maginito otchuka pafupipafupi) ndikofunikira kukonza kukoka kwa magazi ndi zamitsempha. Hyperbaric oxygenation (kugwiritsa ntchito mpweya wopanikizika kwambiri) kumakuthandizani kuti muchepetse mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya hypoxia, sinthani chikhalidwe cha wodwalayo, muchepetse insulin ndi mankhwala ena omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito, kusintha kayendedwe ka magazi ndikuyambitsa kupanikizika.
Katemera ndi njira inanso yothandiza. Singano amagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza neuropathy. Ndikofunikira kukonza conduction ya mitsempha, kuwonjezera mphamvu zam'munsi zam'munsi, ndikuchepetsa ululu. Pazifukwa zomwezo, acupressure, electroacupuncture ndi laser acupuncture amagwiritsidwa ntchito.
Njira yotsatira ndi plasmapheresis. Njirayi imakhala m'lingaliro lakuti magazi amwazi amachotsedwa ndikuyika m'malo mwa plasma. Mankhwalawa amagwira ntchito motsutsana ndi kulephera kwa aimpso komanso kusokonekera kwa zovuta. Njira ina yochizira ndi balneotherapy (pogwiritsa ntchito madzi achilengedwe kapena okonzedwa mwakapangidwe), yomwe ndi gawo la mankhwala a spa.
Zithandizo za anthu
Kuchiza ndi wowerengeka azitsamba kuyenera kuchitika motsogozedwa ndi katswiri woyenera. Kudziletsa sikulimbikitsidwa pankhaniyi. Maphikidwe otsatirawa ndi otchuka.
Kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala wowerengeka ndi njira yovomerezeka yolandirira chithandizo, yomwe ingafunike kukambirana ndi endocrinologist
Chinsinsi 1
Chinyengo cha maluwa a linden. Zinthu zosafunikira zimathiridwa ndi madzi muyezo wa kapu ya maluwa pa lita imodzi yamadzi. Wiritsani kwa mphindi 15, ndipo pambuyo pozizira, sokoneza ndikuchepera pang'ono tsiku lonse.
Chinsinsi 2
Onjezani ndodo ya sinamoni ku kapu yamadzi otentha, tsimikizirani kwa theka la ola. Kenako yambitsani supuni ya uchi ndikuyimitsa njirayi kwa maola ena atatu. Tengani masana pang'ono.
Chinsinsi chachitatu
Ndikofunikira kukonzekera chisakanizo cha dzira limodzi laiwisi laiwisi ndi kapu imodzi ya mandimu. Wothandizirana chotere amachepetsa shuga m'magazi. Amatenga ola limodzi asanadye chakudya cham'mawa.
Tsoka ilo, akafunsidwa ngati matenda a shuga angathe kuchiritsidwa, mankhwala amakono sangapereke yankho. Pali njira zingapo zingapo, komabe, ambiri aiwo akupitabe patsogolo. Mitundu yathunthu yosankhidwa ndi dotolo wothandizirayo ingathandize kulipirira matendawa, kuletsa kukula kwa zovuta komanso kukhalabe ndi moyo wa wodwala pamlingo wambiri.
