Popeza kapamba amatenga gawo lalikulu mu kayendetsedwe ka kagayidwe kazakudya komanso kuchuluka kwa shuga mthupi, ziwalo zonse ndi machitidwe zimavutika ndizosokoneza pang'ono pakugwira ntchito kwake.
Ngati sichitulutsa insulin yokwanira, ndiye kuti zomwe zimadziwika kuti pathological glucosuria zimachitika.
Ndi cholinga chopewa zovuta zomwe zingabuke kumbuyo komwe kumayambira matendawa, ndikofunikira kutsatira malamulo apadera ndi zofunika, zonse zokhudzana ndi zakudya komanso kukhalabe ndi moyo wathanzi. Ngati izi sizichitika, ndiye kuti matendawa amatha kukhala ndi vuto lalikulu la matenda a shuga.
Kusagwira bwino ntchito kwa ziwalo ndi machitidwe
Popeza pamaso pa matendawa munthu amakhala ndi kusowa kwa mahomoni a pancreatic omwe amatchedwa insulin, ndiye kuti glucosuria ya pathological imachitika.
Mavuto akulu a chiwonetsero cha glycogen kupanga chiwindi ndi kusokoneza ntchito kwa glucose pogwiritsa ntchito zotumphukira zake zimakhala njira zofunikira pakuwonekera.
Monga mukudziwira, m'chiwindi cha munthu aliyense pali njira zingapo zovuta zowonjezera zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale kuwonongeka ndikupangidwanso kwa lipids, mapuloteni, ndipo, zomanga thupi, zomwe zimabwera palimodzi ndi madzi am'magazi omwe amayenda mwachindunji kuchokera mu dongosolo la chimbudzi.
Ambiri a endocrine tiziwalo timene timatulutsa timatenda tambiri timakhudzana ndi ntchito ya kapamba ndi chiwindi. Popeza zakudya zopatsa mphamvu ndizothandiza kwambiri kwa munthu, kusinthana kwa zinthuzi ndikofunikira m'thupi lake.
Kuphatikiza pa insulini, mahomoni osiyana kwambiri omwe kapamba amatulutsa amakhudzanso kagayidwe kazachilengedwe. Amatchedwa glucagon ndipo ali ndi zotsatira zotsutsana kwathunthu.
Komanso mahomoni okula, omwe amapangidwa ndi pituitary gland, cortisol ndi mahomoni ena a chithokomiro, amakhudza kagayidwe kazachilengedwe.
Zinthu zonsezi zimatha kuchititsa kuti glycogen iwonongeke, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti shuga azichulukirachulukira. Ichi ndichifukwa chake adrenaline, mahomoni okula, glucagon ndi mahomoni a chithokomiro amangotchulidwa kuti ndi a insulin antagonists.
Atangotuluka kwa insulin yakuthwa komanso ya pachimake, njira zonse za mayamwidwe amthupi zimasokonezeka nthawi yomweyo. Choyamba, glycogen ya chiwindi imasweka ndikuyamba kulowa m'magazi a magazi m'magazi a shuga.
Kupitilira apo, thupi limayamba kuphwanya kwa glycogen kopanda insulin yokwanira. Pambuyo pake, izi zimapangitsa kuti mafuta azikhala m'maselo a m'mimba a m'mimba. Ndikofunika kudziwa kuti kusokonezeka kwa metabolic m'thupi kumabweretsa mtsogolo kusintha kwakukulu komanso koopsa m'madzi kagayidwe ndi mchere.
Kulephera kupangira glycosaminoglycans (GAG)
Glycosaminoglycans ndiye gawo lama chakudya a proteinoglycans, omwe amaphatikizapo amino shuga-hexosamines. Zinthu izi ndizogwirizana kwambiri ndi kachigawo kakang'ono ka mapuloteni.
Glycosaminoglycans, mtundu wa maselo
Zinthu zofunikira zomwe zili mu proteinoglycans zimagwirizana ndi zinthu zomwe zimapangidwira minyewa yolumikizana. Chifukwa chake, amapezeka m'mafupa, matupi akhungu ndi ziphuphu za diso. Kuphatikiza ndi ulusi wa collagen ndi elastin, amatembenukira ku matrix.
Zinthu zoterezi zimaphimba mbali yonse ya maselo, kuwonjezera, zimagwira gawo lalikulu pakusinthana kwa ion, ntchito zoteteza thupi, komanso kusiyanitsa kwa minofu. Ngati munthu ali ndi kuphwanya kwakukulu kaphatikizidwe ka GAG mu shuga, ndiye kuti izi zitha kubweretsa matenda akulu akulu.
Lipid kagayidwe kagayidwe kachakudya matenda a shuga: zamankhwala osokoneza bongo
Monga mukudziwa, insulin imakhudzanso kwambiri metabolidi ya lipid mu minofu ya adipose.
Imatha kulimbikitsa kaphatikizidwe wamafuta ena acids kuchokera ku glucose. Ntchito ina yofunika ndikuletsa kufooka kwa lipid ndi kuwonongeka kwa mapuloteni m'misempha minofu.
Ichi ndichifukwa chake kusowa kwakukulu kwa mahomoni a pancreatic kumatha kubweretsa kusokonezeka kwa metabolic, komwe nthawi zambiri kumawonedwa kwa odwala matenda a shuga.
Carbohydrate kagayidwe
Matendawa amatha kuthana ndi zochita zonse za metabolic zomwe zimachitika mthupi.
Monga mukudziwa, ndi matenda ashuga, kagayidwe kazakudya kameneka kamasokonezedwa makamaka, komwe kamadziwika ndi zina:
- kwambiri amachepetsa kaphatikizidwe ka glucokinase, kamene kamatsala pang'ono kutayika m'chiwindi. Zotsatira zake, thupi limakhala ndi kuchepa kwa glucose-6-phosphate. Zotsatira zake ndikuchepa kwa kapangidwe ka glycogen;
- kuchuluka kwa shuga-6-phosphatase akuyamba kuchuluka, motero glucose-6-phosphate ndi dephosphorylated ndipo amalowa m'magazi a magazi m'magazi a glucose;
- kusokonezeka kwakukulu kwa metabolic kumachitika - kusintha kwa glucose kukhala mafuta kumachepetsa;
- kulephera kudutsa glucose kudzera mu zimagwira ma cell zimadziwika;
- Kupanga kwa glucose kuchokera ku zinthu zina zopanda mafuta owonjezera mphamvu kumachitika mofulumira.
Mavuto a kagayidwe kakang'ono ka kagayidwe kachakudya m'mimba yokhala ndi matenda a shuga amakhala ndi mapangidwe osakwanira komanso kugwiritsidwa ntchito kosakwanira kwa glucose osiyanasiyana minyewa yamthupi, chifukwa cha hyperglycemia.
Matenda a protein a shuga
Si chinsinsi kuti zovuta za metabolic mu matenda a shuga zimangoganiza osati chakudya ndi lipid, komanso metabolism ya protein.
Monga mukudziwa, kufooka kwambiri kwa thupi la mahomoni a kapamba ndi kugwiritsa ntchito shuga m'magazi kungayambitse kuchepa kwa mapuloteni.
Njira zosasangalatsazi zimayenderana ndi kutayika kwa nayitrogeni ndi thupi komanso kumasulidwa kwa potaziyamu, kutsatiridwa ndi kupukusa kwa ayoni okhala ndi zinthu zonyansa.
Kuchuluka kwa mahomoni a pancreatic kumakhudza magwiridwe antchito a maselo, osati chifukwa cha kuwonongeka kwa mapuloteni, komanso chifukwa cha zovuta zina ndi zovuta zina. Mwa zina, kusowa kwamadzi kumabweretsa zomwe zimatchedwa kuperewera kwamadzi mkati mwa maselo a thupi.
Kodi chiwopsezo cholephera ndi chiyani?
Ngati atazindikira wodwala yemwe ali ndi matenda a shuga, akupitilizabe kukhala ndi chizolowezi chomadya, kumwa kwambiri "mowa, kumwa mowa mwauchidakwa, kusuta fodya, kukhala ndi moyo wopanda ntchito, sadzapita kwa dokotala komanso kukayezetsa, ndiye kuti akuwonjezereka. chiopsezo cha hypoglycemic chikomokere.Ichi ndi chikhalidwe chowopsa kwambiri, chomwe chimadziwonetsa ndi kuchepa kwamphamvu kwa magetsi mu glucose. Ngati kagayidwe kabwinobwino ka munthu kali ndi shuga, ndiye kuti matendawa ndi ochepa kwambiri.
Koma, komabe, kuti muchepetse mitundu yonse ya zovuta za metabolic mu shuga mellitus, ndikofunikira kutsatira malangizo onse a akatswiri omwe amagwirizana ndi onse omwe amamwa mankhwala oyenera komanso zakudya za tsiku ndi tsiku.
Ponena za kadyedwe, omwe amatchedwa tebulo nambala 9 ndi oyenera kwa odwala matenda ashuga.
Komabe, si mphindi zonse zakudya zomwe zili zoyenera kwa wodwala wina, amenenso ndiyenera kuyang'ana kwa adokotala omwe akupezekapo. Ayenera kuyisintha kwa wodwala aliyense kuti apewe zovuta.
Chofunikira chachikulu pakupanga chakudya cha wodwala wina ndicho kuganizira kuchuluka kwa zosowa za kalori tsiku ndi tsiku. Ndikofunikira kuti muchepetse zakudya zomwe mumadya kwambiri.
Izi ndizowona makamaka pazinthu zopukusa mosavuta. Izi zimaphatikizapo shuga, buledi, confectionery, chokoleti, ndi timadziti. Ndikofunikanso kupatula zakudya zokazinga komanso zokhala ndi mafuta owopsa muzakudya.
Makanema okhudzana nawo
Kuphunzitsa kwa woyembekezera wa sayansi ya zamankhwala pa matenda a metabolic odwala matenda ashuga:
Pamaso pa matenda omwe mukufunsidwa, muyenera kuyang'anitsitsa momwe thanzi lanu limakhalira ndi moyo wanu, zomwe zimatha kutsogolera matendawa. Kuti mupewe zovuta zilizonse zowopsa, muyenera kuwona dokotala wanu nthawi zonse kuti muwone momwe matendawo akupitilira ndipo amathandizira kuyimitsa kapena kupewa. Kulemba kwakanthawi, kuyezetsa, kukonza zakudya, kuyendera katswiri, komanso kukhalabe ndi moyo wathanzi kudzathandizira kuimitsa matendawa. Ndi njira yabwino, mutha kukhala ndi moyo wabwinobwino popanda zoletsa, zomwe sizisiyana ndi moyo wamunthu wathanzi kwathunthu. Ngati wodwala ali ndi mtundu wachiwiri wa matenda osokoneza bongo, ndiye kuti simungathe kuchita popanda mankhwala apadera omwe amachepetsa kuchuluka kwa shuga, insulin ndi mankhwala ena ochepetsa lipid.
