Matenda a shuga ndi matenda omwe amayenda ndi kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi.
Izi zimachitika chifukwa chakutha kwathunthu kapena pang'ono pang'ono kwapangidwe ka insulin ndi kapamba wamunthu. Hormone iyi imapangidwa ndi maselo apadera a chiwalo ichi, omwe amatchedwa β-cell.
Mothandizidwa ndi zinthu zosiyanasiyana zamkati kapena zakunja, magwiridwe antchito awa amakhala ndi vuto lalikulu. Ichi ndichifukwa chake pali otchedwa insulin akusowa, mwanjira ina - shuga mellitus.
Monga mukudziwira, chinthu chachikulu pakukula kwa matendawa chimaseweredwa ndi majini - munthawi yopatsa chidwi, matendawa amatengedwa kuchokera kwa makolo. Kuti mumvetsetse zomwe zimayambitsa matenda ashuga mwatsatanetsatane, muyenera kudziwa bwino zomwe zanenedwa m'nkhaniyi.
Etiology ndi mawonetsedwe azachipatala
Ponena za etiology, mtundu woyamba wa matenda a shuga ndi matenda obadwa nawo omwe amafala kuchokera kwa makolo kupita kwa mwana.
Ndikofunika kudziwa kuti kusinthika kwa majini kumatsimikizira kukula kwa matendawa pokhapokha gawo lachitatu.
Monga lamulo, kuthekera kopeza matendawa m'mwana mtsogolo ndi mayi wokhala ndi matenda osokoneza bongo kuli pafupifupi 3%. Koma ndi bambo wodwala - kuchokera pa 5 mpaka 7%. Ngati mwana ali ndi mchimwene wake ndi matendawa, ndiye kuti mwina mwayi wofufuza matenda a shuga ndi pafupifupi 7%.
Chizindikiro chimodzi kapena zingapo zoyipa za pancreatic kuwonongeka zimatha kupezeka pafupifupi 87% ya onse odwala endocrinologists:
- ma antibodies kuti glutamate decarboxylase (GAD);
- ma antibodies a tyrosine phosphatase (IA-2 ndi IA-2 beta).
Ndi zonsezi, kufunikira kwakukulu pakuwonongeka kwa maselo a β-cell kumaperekedwa kuzinthu zokhudzana ndi chitetezo cha ma cell. Ndikofunikira kudziwa kuti zovuta za carbohydrate metabolism nthawi zambiri zimayerekezeredwa ndi HLA haplotypes ngati DQA ndi DQB.
Monga lamulo, mtundu woyamba wa matenda umaphatikizidwa ndi zovuta zina za autoimmune endocrine. Mwachitsanzo, amaphatikiza matenda a Addison, komanso autoimmune chithokomiro.
Osati gawo lomaliza lomwe linaperekedwa kwa omwe samachokera:
- vitiligo;
- zamatenda matenda a rheumatic chikhalidwe;
- alopecia;
- Matenda a Crohn.
Monga lamulo, chithunzi cha matenda osokoneza bongo chimadziwoneka m'njira ziwiri. Izi zimachitika chifukwa cha kusowa kwa mahomoni a pancreatic mwa wodwala. Ndipo, monga mukudziwa, amatha kukhala athunthu kapena achibale.
Kuperewera kwa chinthuchi kumadzetsa maonekedwe a zomwe zimatchedwa kuti kuwonongeka kwa chakudya ndi mitundu ina ya kagayidwe. Vutoli limatsatiridwa ndi zizindikiro zotchulidwa, monga: kuchepa thupi kwambiri, shuga wambiri, glucosuria, polyuria, polydipsia, ketoacidosis komanso ngakhale matenda a shuga.
Matenda osakwanira a kapamba wa pancreatic m'magazi poyerekeza ndi matenda omwe amapezeka kale komanso amakakamizidwa matendawa amafunsidwa munthawi yomweyo limodzi ndi zizindikilo zambiri, zomwe zimadziwika kuti ndi matenda a shuga. Zimakhazikitsidwa ndi matenda ashuga a michereopathy ndi metabolic, omwe ali ndi vuto la matenda.
Ndikusowa kwa zomwe zimayambitsa matenda ashuga?
Monga momwe anthu ambiri akudziwira, matenda oopsa omwe amafunsidwawa amawoneka chifukwa chosakwanira kupanga mahomoni a pancreatic otchedwa insulin.
Pankhaniyi, pafupifupi 20% ya maselo am'mimba amatsalira omwe amatha kugwira ntchito popanda zosokoneza zazikulu. Koma za matenda amtundu wachiwiri, amakula pokhapokha ngati mphamvu ya mahandidwe akhungu itasokonekera.
Pankhaniyi, pamachitika vuto lomwe limatchedwa insulin kukana. Matendawa akufotokozedwa kuti kuchuluka kwakokwanira kwa insulini m'mwazi kumakhala kosalekeza, koma sikuchita moyenera pamatumbo.
Izi zikuchitika chifukwa cha kutayika kwa chidwi ndi ma cellular cell. Mu nyengo yomwe mahomoni amtundu wa kapamba amasowa kwambiri m'magazi, shuga satha kulowa mokwanira m'magazi a ma cell.
Chifukwa cha kutuluka kwa njira ina yama glucose pokonzanso minofu, kupangika pang'onopang'ono kwa sorbitol ndi hemoglobin ya glycated kumachitika. Monga mukudziwa, nthawi zambiri sorbitol imakhumudwitsa maonekedwe a matenda amtundu wa mawonekedwe owoneka. Kuphatikiza apo, chifukwa cha izo, magwiridwe antchito amitsempha yamagazi (capillaries) amachepa, ndipo kufooka kwakukulu kwamanjenje kumadziwika.
Izi ndi zomwe zimapangitsa wodwalayo kukhala ndi kufooka kwakukulu pakapangidwe kamisempha, komanso kusokonekera kwa mtima ndi minofu yamatumbo.
Chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa milomo ya lipid ndi kuchuluka kwa poizoni, kuwonongeka kwakukulu m'mitsempha yamagazi kumadziwika.
Zotsatira zake, thupi limakulitsa zomwe zili m'matupi a ketone, omwe ndi zinthu za metabolic.
Zotsatira zamatenda oyamba ndi ma virus
Tiyenera kudziwa kuti matenda amtundu wa viral amathandizira pakuwonongeka kwa ma cell a kapamba, chifukwa chomwe kupanga kwa insulin kumatsimikiziridwa.
Mwa matenda omwe amawononga kapamba, munthu amatha kusiyanitsa mauluza am'mimba, rubella, hepatitis, komanso nkhuku.
Zina mwazovuta izi zimakonda kwambiri kapamba, kapenanso m'malo ake. Ndi ubale umatanthawuza kuthekera komwe chinthu chimakhala nacho polumikizana ndi china. Ndi chifukwa ichi kuti mwayi wopanga chinthu chatsopano umawonekera.
Muzochitika zomwe zimadziwika kuti ndizothandizana ndi matenda opatsirana komanso ma cell a kapamba, mawonekedwe a vuto lotchedwa shuga mellitus akufotokozedwa. Mwa odwala omwe ali ndi rubella, pali kuwonjezeka kwa matenda omwe amafunsidwa ndi pafupifupi pafupifupi kotala.
Kodi chibadwidwe chimayambitsa matenda?
Nthawi zambiri amatenga matenda a endocrine amapezeka kangapo mwa odwala omwe ali ndi abale omwe ali ndi matenda.
Mu milandu ya vuto la metabolism yamoto mu makolo onse awiri, mwayi wa matenda osokoneza bongo kwa mwana wawo m'miyoyo yawo yonse ndi pafupifupi 100%.
Ngati mayi kapena bambo yekha ali ndi matendawa, ngozi yake imakhala pafupifupi 50%. Koma ngati mwana ali ndi mlongo wake kapena mchimwene wake amene ali ndi matendawa, ndiye kuti matendawo atha kudwala nawo pafupifupi 25%.
Mwa zina, pali milandu yodziwika yofala yopatsirana matenda ashuga, pamene matendawa adapezeka m'modzi yekha amapasa. Koma mwana wachiwiriyu adakhalabe wathanzi moyo wake wonse.
Kuchokera pachidziwitso ichi, titha kunena kuti zodziwika bwino sizikhala mawu omaliza oti munthu adzakhala ndi mtundu woyamba wa matenda. Zachidziwikire, ngati sangatenge kachilombo komwe kali ndi kachilombo komwe kali.
Kunenepa kwambiri Ngati Chinsinsi
Kafukufuku wamakono ambiri akuwonetsa kuti kukana insulini ndi kupezeka kwa kunenepa kwambiri ndizomwe zimayambitsa chibadwa.
Mawuwa amatengera mitundu ina yomwe imatha kubadwa ndi ana.
Akatswiri ena amawatcha kuti ma jini, omwe amachititsa kuti pakhale ndalama zowonjezera. Monga tikudziwa, thupi la munthu, lomwe limakonda kulemera kwambiri, limakhala ndi zinthu zambiri zamagetsi zamagetsi zamagetsi zamagetsi nthawi yomwe amalowa zochuluka.
Ndi chifukwa ichi zomwe shuga mumagazi a m'magazi amakula pang'ono. Monga momwe tingamvetsetsere kuchokera kuzinthu izi, kudwala kwamtundu wa endocrine komanso kunenepa kwambiri ndizogwirizana.
Kuchuluka kwa kunenepa kwambiri, kumalimbana ndi ma cell omwe amapanga ma cell a pancreatic. Pambuyo pake, thupi limayamba kupanga insulin mokulira. Ndipo izi, pambuyo pake, zimatsogolera kudzikundikira kwamphamvu kwambiri kwa thupi.
Zakudya zamatumbo ambiri
Tiyenera kudziwa kuti majini omwe amathandiza kuti thupi lizikumana ndi mafuta ochulukirapo amachititsa kuti serotonin isakwanitse. Kuperewera kwake kwakukulu kumayambitsa kukhumudwa kosatha, kusakhala ndi chidwi ndikumakhala ndi njala.
Kugwiritsa ntchito chakudya chamafuta kumapangitsa kuti zizindikire kwakanthawi. Pambuyo pake, izi zingayambitse kuchepa kwa kupanga kwa insulin, komwe kumayambitsa kuyambika kwa matenda ashuga.
Zinthu ngati izi zimayambitsa pang'onopang'ono kunenepa kwambiri komanso kuonekera kwa matenda amtundu wa endocrine:
- kusachita masewera olimbitsa thupi;
- zakudya zosayenera komanso zosasamala;
- kuzunza maswiti ndi shuga woyengedwa;
- kuphwanya komwe kulipo pakuchitika kwa dongosolo la endocrine;
- kudya kosakhazikika;
- kufooka kwakukulu;
- mankhwala ena a psychotropic amatha kuputa makilogalamu owonjezera.
Matenda angapo omwe amayambitsa kuwoneka kwa matenda ashuga
Izi zimaphatikizira mitundu yamatenda omwe amabwera chifukwa chomwe chitetezo chaumunthu chimayamba kulimbana ndi zimakhala ndi ma cell a thupi lawo.Autoimmune chithokomiro, lupus erythematosus, hepatitis, glomerulonephritis ndi ena amadziwika pakati pa matenda omwe amayambitsa matenda ashuga.
Monga lamulo, kuphwanya kumeneku kwa mayamwidwe am'madzi, monga shuga, kumakhala kovuta kwambiri.
Matendawa amawonekera chifukwa cha kuwonongeka msanga kwa kapangidwe ka ma cell am'mapapo a munthu. Chifukwa cha iwo, monga momwe amadziwika, kupanga insulin kumachitika. Ndikofunikira kudziwa kuti chiwonongekochi chikufotokozedwa ndi kukopa kwa chitetezo chamthupi.
Kupsinjika kwa mantha
Kupsinjika ndi momwe thupi limawonongera zimawonedwa ngati chinthu chachikulu chomwe chimayambitsa kuyambika kwa matenda ashuga mwa anthu. Ndikofunika kuyesa kuwasiyanitsa ndi moyo wanu.
M'badwo
Zaka, monga mukudziwa, imakhalanso m'gulu la zinthu zomwe zimadzetsa matendawa.
Malinga ndi ziwerengero, wachichepere wodwalayo, amatha kudwala.
Tiyenera kudziwa kuti ndi ukalamba, chibadwa chamunthu chomwe chimapangitsa kuti matenda azisokonekera chimataya kufunika kwake kwa matenda ashuga.
Koma kukhalapo kwa zolemera kwambiri zimachita, m'malo mwake, ngati chiwopsezo chotsimikiza cha izi. Makamaka makamaka ndi vuto la endocrine ili mwa iwo omwe ali ndi chitetezo chathupi chofooka.
Zinthu zomwe zimathandizira kukula kwa shuga kwa ana ndi izi:
- maonekedwe a khanda mwa makolo omwe ali ndi vuto la metabolism;
- anasamutsa matenda;
- kagayidwe kachakudya matenda;
- pakubadwa, kulemera kwa mwana kumachokera ku 5 kg kapena kupitirira;
- kufooka kwa chitetezo chathupi.
Pa nthawi yoyembekezera
Izi zitha kukhalanso chifukwa cha matenda ashuga.
Ngati njira zoyenera zopewera ndi kuchiza sizinatengedwe, ndiye kuti mavuto sangapewe.
Kubala mwana wosabadwa kokha sikungakhale chifukwa chachikulu cha matenda amtunduwu. Koma vuto la kuperewera kwa m'thupi komanso cholowa chathu zimatha kuthana ndi matendawa.
Makanema okhudzana nawo
Zoyambitsa zisanu ndi imodzi zomwe zimayambitsa matenda a shuga mu kanema ndi:
Nkhaniyi imatiuza kuti matenda ashuga ndi matenda owopsa omwe amatha kuonekera pazifukwa zosiyanasiyana. Pofuna kupatula mawonekedwe ake mosasamala, ndikofunikira kudya moyenera, khalani ndi moyo wogwira ntchito, kusewera masewera olimbitsa thupi ndikulimbitsa chitetezo cha mthupi. Pa nthawi yoyembekezera, muyenera kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi apadera.
