Matenda a shuga ndi matenda owoneka ndi kuwonjezeka kwa shuga m'magazi. Zomwezi zimathandizira kuti pakhale cholesterol yambiri pamakoma otupa, kuchepetsa mawonekedwe awo.
Matenda a atherosclerotic mtima ndi chifukwa chopanga matenda a mtima ndi matenda ogwirizana ndi izi: arrhythmia, angina pectoris ndi myocardial infarction (MI).
Potere, mapangidwe amwazi amasintha, kachulukidwe kake ndi mamasukidwe ake amakula. Potengera momwe matendawa adayambira, kubadwa kwa myocardial kumachitika ndimavuto akulu kwambiri.
Thrombosis imalepheretsa kuyenda kwabwinobwino kwa magazi, magazi ake kupita kwa minofu ya mtima amasokonezeka. Zonsezi ndizovunda ndi kukula kwa malo a necrosis yake. Uku ndi kudwala mtima.
Zoyambitsa matenda
Zochita zamtima zomwe zimakhudzana ndi matenda osokoneza bongo amatchedwa "mtima wa shuga" ndi madokotala. Chiwalocho chikuwonjezeka kukula, kuwonetsa kupita patsogolo kwa mtima.
Anthu odwala matenda ashuga amadziwika ndi kuthamanga kapena kuthamanga kwa magazi. Izi ndi chiopsezo chowonjezera cha aortic aneurysm.
Kwa odwala omwe ali ndi vuto la mtima kale, chiopsezo chobwerezanso matendawa ndi chambiri. Chifukwa cha kuphwanya kwa myocardial contraction, zochitika zomwe zimalepheretsa mtima kupita patsogolo.
Chifukwa chakuti ndi kuchuluka kwa glucose, kuchuluka kwa njira ya metabolic kumacheperachepera, mwayi wochepetsetsa wa mtima wokhazikika womwe umakula kukhala waukulu-wokhazikika womwe umakulitsa kanayi.
Zowopsa
Kuphatikiza pa shuga wambiri, chiwopsezo cha kulowerera koyambira kobwerezabwereza kumawonjezera zinthu izi:
- cholowa (kupezeka kwa IHD pachibale chapafupi: mwa akazi ochepera zaka 55 ndi amuna ochepera 65);
- kusuta. Zimathandizira kuvala mwachangu kwamakhoma a mtima;
- kuchuluka kapena, Mosiyana, kuthamanga kwa magazi. Kutambasulira kutsika mpaka kukakamira kwambiri ndizowopsa;
- HDL yotsika ("zabwino" cholesterol) zimabweretsa kuwonongeka mtima ndi mtima;
- kunenepa. Pimitsani gawo loyang'ana m'chiuno ndi tepi wamba ya sing'anga. Ngati zotsatira za muyeso zidapitilira 1000 mm kwa amuna ndi 900 mm kwa akazi, izi zikuwonetsa kuyambira kwa kunenepa kwambiri. Chiwopsezo cha kutsekeka kwa mtima kuchokera m'mitsempha yamagazi ndi cholesterol plaque ndichulukitsa /
Zizindikiro
Chithunzi cha maphunziro a myocardial infarction, omwe amaphatikizidwa ndi matenda a shuga, ali ndi mawonekedwe ake. Monga tanena kale, MI mu diabetesics ndiyovuta, yovuta ndi kufooka kwa mtima wamtima, mpaka kumangidwa kwathunthu kwamtima. Kuphatikizidwa kwa matenda oopsa ndi myocardial dystrophy kumadzetsa aneurysm yamtima, yodzala ndi kupindika kwa minofu yamtima.
Pazifukwa zoyipa zam'mnyewa wamtima, mafomu otsatirawa ndi awa:
- zowawa, ndikumva kuwawa kwanthawi yayitali kumbuyo kwa sternum;
- pamimba, ndi zizindikiro za "pamimba pamimba";
- obisika ("osayankhula", osapweteka);
- arrhythmic, ndi mawonekedwe a arrhythmia ndi tachycardia;
- ubongo, limodzi ndi paresis, ziwalo, kusazindikira bwino.
Kutalika kwa nthawi yovuta kwambiri ndi masabata 1-1.5. Pali kutsika kwa kuthamanga kwa magazi, kuwonjezeka kwa kutentha.
Munthawi yovuta kwambiri, zotere zimatha kuchitika:
- pulmonary edema;
- kusiya kwa hepatic kusefera;
- Cardiogenic mantha.
Kulephera kwamtima kosalekeza
CHF ndichedwa kuchepa kwa myocardial infaration. Zimayendera limodzi ndi mawonekedwe:
- kutopa msanga;
- kupweteka kwakanthawi mumtima;
- kutupa kwa miyendo;
- kuvuta kupuma
- hemoptysis, chifuwa;
- kukoka kwa phokoso;
- kupweteka mu hypochondrium yoyenera.
Nthawi zambiri, munthu saganiza kuti mwina tsoka linalake lachitika kale m'thupi, ndipo amakhalabe ndi moyo ngati palibe chinachitika. Uwu ndi chiopsezo cha matenda amtundu wa "chete".
Odwala matenda a mtima ambiri amakhulupirira molakwika kuti "anapulumuka ndi mantha" ndikuti anachira modabwitsa. Koma magazi atangolowa "kulumpha", minyewa yamtima imayamba "kusokera" pamasoka.
Zizindikiro
Pali njira zitatu zomwe zimadziwika ndi matenda:
- mawonekedwe a wodwala, madandaulo ake;
- zambiri zomwe zimapezeka poyesa magazi;
- zambiri zopezeka kuzotsatira za ECG.
Pafupifupi 25% ya milandu, palibe kusintha komwe kumapezeka pa ECG. Koma matendawa kuchokera pamenepa samakhala oopsa.
Chifukwa chake, pali zinthu zina ziwiri zofunika kwambiri pakuzindikira. Ngati vuto la mtima lakayikiridwa, wodwala amayenera kupita kuchipatala. Ngati amalimbikira kuti azikhala kunyumba, ndiye kuti chiopsezo cha kumwalira patsiku loyamba la matendawa chimawonjezeka nthawi zambiri.
Ku chipatala, njira zotsatirazi ndizogwiritsa ntchito:
- echocardiography;
- Diagnostics X-ray. Njira yatsopano yodziwira matenda a x-ray ndi angiography. Kugwiritsa ntchito sing'anga yolumikizira imakupatsani mwayi kuti mupeze madera amitsempha yamagazi ochepa patency chifukwa cha malo amitsempha yamagazi
- compression tomography, MRI. Zomwe mwapeza zimakuthandizani kuti mufufuze bwino mtima wanu.
Mankhwala
Kuchiza matenda a mtima si ntchito yovuta. Ngati "maluwa" amakhalanso ndi matenda a shuga, mankhwalawo amakhala ovuta kwambiri. Ponena za kugwira ntchito bwino, chithandizo chachilendo cha thrombolytic ndichoperewera m'njira zatsopano monga mtima stenting ndi angioplasty.
Coronary Angioplasty
Zotsatira zabwino ndikuphatikizidwa kwa mankhwala osokoneza bongo ndi kulowererapo kwakanthawi. Kubwezeretsanso kwa ziwiya za mitima, zomwe zimachitika mu theka loyamba la tsiku kuyambira kumayambiriro kwa matendawa, kumachepetsa kwambiri zovuta.
Ndikofunika kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala a metabolic, chifukwa shuga imayenderana ndi zovuta za metabolic. Chofunikira pakuchiritsa ndikukhazikika kwa shuga m'magazi.
Zochizira odwala omwe ali ndi vuto la mtima, magulu omwera omwewa amagwiritsidwa ntchito:
- mankhwala omwe cholinga chake ndi kutsitsa cholesterol yamagazi;
- thrombolytic, anticoagulant mankhwala;
- odana ndi calcium;
- mankhwala okhala ndi antiarrhythmic;
- opanga beta.
Njira zopewera
Kuthana ndi njira zosavuta zodzitetezera kumachepetsa mwayi wama mtima:
- magazi cholesterol;
- kukambirana pafupipafupi ndi cardiologist ndi endocrinologist;
- magazi shuga. Kuti muchite izi, ndikofunikira kugula glucometer;
- kukana kwathunthu zakumwa zokhala ndi zakumwa zoledzeretsa ndi kusuta;
- zakudya zoyenera. Mawu oti "chakudya" pano siwolondola kwenikweni. Zakudya zoyenera ziyenera kukhala gawo la moyo;
- kumwa mankhwala okhazikitsidwa ndi dokotala;
- kuthamanga kwa magazi;
- kutsegula kugona ndi kupuma;
- zolimbitsa thupi zolimbitsa thupi, zogwirizana ndi katswiri;
- kuthandiza mankhwala.
Zakudya pambuyo vuto la mtima ndi shuga
Sabata yoyamba ndi theka kuyambira pomwe matendawa adayamba, chakudya chambiri chikusonyezedwa:
- masamba osenda bwino (kupatula mbatata zamasamba);
- mbewu: buwheat yophika, oatmeal;
- nsomba yamuwisi kapena yophika;
- kuchokera kwa zinthu zamkaka - yogati, tchizi chochepa kwambiri cha kanyumba, kefir;
- konda nyama yophika;
- amamu othira kwa mapuloteni.
Pang'onopang'ono, mndandanda wazakudya ungakulidwe. Komabe, ndikofunikira kupewa izi:
- ufa oyera, zinthu zomwe zimakhala;
- dzinthu: mpunga, semolina;
- Zakudya zokazinga, zamafuta;
- mafuta apamwamba amkaka;
- zosuta, zamzitini, zotsekemera.
Chofunikanso ndikutsatira boma lakumwa. Kuchuluka kwamadzimadzi masana ndi lita imodzi.
Makanema okhudzana nawo
About coronary matenda a mtima ndi myocardial infarction a shuga mu kanema:
Kutalika kwa chithandizo komanso kuchira kwa matenda amtima wodwala matenda ashuga kumatengera mkhalidwe wa vasculature ndi momwe minofu yamtima idawonongera. Kuchiza kumakhala kovuta komanso kumatenga nthawi yayitali matenda a shuga, kuthamanga kwa magazi, komanso kuwonongeka kwa impso.
