Kuyesedwa kwa matenda ashuga ndi pathological anatomy

Matenda a shuga, monga matenda ena aliwonse, amakhala ndi vuto lalikulu mthupi la munthu.

Ndi chitukuko cha matenda a shuga, osati kusintha kwa mahomoni kokha, komanso njira zamomwe zimakhudzira ziwalo zosiyanasiyana zamkati ndi magulu a ziwalo.

Pakufufuza kwamankhwala a thupi la odwala omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga, gawo la mankhwala lotchedwa pathological anatomy limayang'anira. Kodi pali kusiyana kotani pakati pa matenda am'mimba omwe amaperekera shuga?

Pathological anatomy: ndi chiyani?

Kapangidwe ka mkati mwa munthu, komanso mawonekedwe a kapangidwe kake ndi ziwalo zake zimaphunziridwa ndi morphology yaumunthu.

Zosintha zamagulu zomwe sizikhalidwe kwa munthu wathanzi zomwe zimadza chifukwa cha chitukuko cha matenda ndimutu wakufufuza kwa pathological anatomy.

Zomwe zimakhudzidwa ndi matenda enaake pamunthu ndizofunikira kwambiri zomwe zimathandizira kukhazikitsa ndi kukhazikitsa chithandizo choyenera. Ndikofunikira kumvetsetsa momwe zimayendera matendawa kuti timvetse zomwe zimayambitsa izi kapena matenda.

Kulondola kwa kuperekedwa kwa chisamaliro chazizindikiro, zomwe nthawi zina akadali njira yokhayo yopulumutsira moyo wa wodwalayo, zimadaliranso kwambiri kudziwa komwe amapeza kudzera mu matenda. Chifukwa chake, kudziyesa wokha ndi kuyesa matupi, komanso kufufuza kwathunthu pazinthu zakuchita opaleshoni ndi njira imodzi yopangira mankhwala.

Panatomy ya matenda osokoneza bongo: chikhalidwe chodziwika bwino

Mphamvu ya odwala omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga imaphunziridwa ndi gawo laling'ono lamankhwala lotchedwa endocrine system pathology.

Kusintha kwa kapamba ndizomwe zimayambitsa ndipo nthawi yomweyo chizindikiro cha matendawa, komabe, nthawi zina, sichitha.

Chizindikiro chazikulu kwambiri cha matenda ashuga ndicho kupezeka kwa shuga m'matupi, makamaka mu epithelium ya impso tubules. Zotsatira zakuchulukirapo zama shuga zimadziwika bwino ndi njira Yabwino Kwambiri. Chizindikiro chachiwiri chomwe chimadziwika ndi matenda a shuga ndi mtima.

Potere, sizilonda zazikulu zomwe zimayambitsa matenda amtima komanso matenda amtima omwe amakhala ndi mawonekedwe ambiri, koma microangiopathy, pamene njira zowonongeka zimachitika mu capillaries. Pankhaniyi, kupezeka kwa ma pathologies monga neuropathy, kuwonongeka kwa capillaries a impso ndi ziwiya za ocular retina.

Ndi kukula kwa nthawi yayitali komanso kukula kwambiri kwa matenda ashuga, kuyang'aniridwa kwa morphology ya ziwalo zamkati, makamaka kapamba, amapezeka. Kusintha kwa mtundu wa dystrophic kapena atrophic kumatha kuwonekeranso mu tiziwalo tina tathupi komanso ziwalo, kuphatikizapo zomwe zimakhudzana ndi dongosolo lamkati lamanjenje.

Gulu

Matendawa nthawi zambiri amagawidwa m'magulu anayi osiyanasiyana, kutengera matendawa.

Mitundu ya matenda ashuga:

• choyambirira;
• mtundu wachiwiri;
• kusamala;
• kapangidwe.

Tiona mawonekedwe a mtundu uliwonse wa matenda amtunduwu a endocrine. Mtundu woyamba umadziwika ndi chiwonongeko chotheratu cha maselo apadera a gland omwe amatha kupanga insulini.

Zotsatira zake, kupanga timadzi tambiri timeneti kumayima kwathunthu, ndipo munthu sangathe kunyamula glucose molunjika kumaselo a thupi. Mtundu wachiwiri umadziwika ndi kukula kwa insulin yotsimikizira wodwala.

Chifukwa chake, kupezeka kwa magazi amunthu wamba kapena kuchuluka kwakukwana kwa mahomoni awa - opangidwa ndi kapamba kapenanso ochokera kunja ndi jakisoni. Izi matenda a insulin zolandilira nthawi zambiri amakula motsutsana maziko a kunenepa kwambiri.

Fesitiyi imadziwika kuti "shuga woyembekezera." Amadziwika ndi kuphwanya kulekerera kwa glucose komwe kunachitika panthawi yapakati, komanso hyperglycemia yofunika.

Pambuyo pobala, mkhalidwe wamthupi nthawi zambiri umasinthidwa popanda mphamvu yakunja.

Matenda abwinobwino a shuga ndi gawo loyambirira la thupi. Amadziwika ndi kukula pang'onopang'ono kwa insulin kukana ndipo nthawi yayitali imakhalapo popanda zizindikiro zoonekera. Vutoli, lomwe madokotala ambiri amawona kuti ndi gawo la matendawa, lingathe kutsimikiziridwa ndi kuyezetsa pang'ono kwa shuga.

Ngati kuchuluka kwamwazi kumafikira 120 mg, ndipo zotsatira zake zimakhala zolimba - pali chifukwa cholankhulira prediabetes. Amalankhulanso za kuwonekera kwa matendawa. Kuwonetsera chiwonetsero choyamba cha matenda.

Osasokoneza mkhalidwewu ndi kuyambika kwa matendawa, chifukwa kuchepa kwakukulu pakulimbana kwa insulin zolandila kwa nthawi yayitali kumatha kuchitika popanda chilichonse.

Zizindikiro za morphological ndi mawonekedwe a matenda

Ndi kukula kwa matendawa, kudzikundikira pang'onopang'ono kwa amyloid mu kapamba kumachitika. Pankhani ya matenda apamwamba kwambiri a shuga, ngakhale kusinthidwa kwathunthu ndi masinthidwe amyloid a islets a Langerhans kumawonedwa.

Nthawi zina, pancreatic fibrosis imawonedwa pamene ma cell a insulini amasinthidwa ndi minyewa yosagwira ntchito.

Magawo a atherosulinosis

Ma capillary pathologies omwe afotokozedwa pamwambapa amatsogolera pakapita nthawi kuwonongeka kwakukulu kwa kayendedwe ka magazi. Chifukwa chake, kwambiri atherosulinosis ndi chimodzi mwazotsatira za kukula kwa matendawo.

Osakhala matenda enieni, odwala matenda ashuga amayambapo kale ndipo amakula mwachangu, akukhudza mitsempha yayikulu yamagazi.

Matenda Asemva

Kuphatikiza pa zovuta ndi impso ndi mitsempha yamagazi, zovuta zina zamatenda zimayamba - pachimake, mochedwa komanso nthawi yayitali.

Zodziwikiratu zimaphatikizapo kudzikika m'magazi a michere ndi michere ya ketone, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ziwalo zina zisagwire ntchito - ketoacidosis.

Kuwonjezeka kwa glucose komanso zinthu za sodium m'magazi kumapangitsa kuti chikomokere cha Hyperosmolar chikhale chomwe chimayamba kutsutsana ndi kusowa kwa madzi m'thupi. Vuto linanso lakufa ndi kudzikundikira kwa lactic acid milandu yaimpso ndi kwa chiwindi, zomwe zimapangitsa kupuma komanso kuchepa kwakukulu kwa kupanikizika.

Zotsatira zoyipa zomwe zimapezekapo zimaphatikizapo polyneuropathy ndi phazi la matenda ashuga. Choyamba ndi kuchepa kwakukulu kwa chidwi cha miyendo chifukwa chakufooka kwa mitsempha. Vutoli limakulitsa mwayi wovulala kwambiri.

Matendawa odwala matenda ashuga - chotulukapo cha mavuto omwe amapezeka ndi magazi kupita kumadera otsika. Zotsatira zake, zilonda zam'mimba, zilonda zakumaso, kumadera akufa khungu kumawonekera.

Pancreatic morphology mu odwala matenda ashuga

Nthawi zina, zosinthazi zimachitika pamlingo wa macroscopic.

Chitsulo chimachepetsedwa kukula kwake, chimasiyana minyewa yolumikizidwa m'matumbo.

Kwa matenda a shuga a 2, pafupipafupi kumakhala kuchepa kwa maselo mu "zilumba za Langerhans." Mwa mtundu woyamba, kuchepa kwa chiwerengero cha zilumba zomwe zimawonedwa.

Makanema okhudzana nawo

Zokhudza zomwe zimayambitsa ndi njira zochizira matenda osokoneza bongo mu kanema:

Nthawi zambiri, matenda oopsa a pancreatic amasiya chidziwitso cha morphological pa chiwalochi, kuphunzira komwe kumathandiza kumvetsetsa bwino matendawo matenda ndi njira zomwe amathandizira.