MATENDA A SHUGA OKALAMBA: ZOMWE ZIMAKHALA ZOWOPSA KWA MUNTHU WOKALAMBA KOMANSO CHIFUKWA CHIYANI ZIMABUKIKA

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Matenda a shuga amatenga matenda oopsa kwa anthu, amafunika kuwunika momwe alili komanso ndalama zofunika kuonetsetsa kuti mankhwalawa amachitika.

Mavuto omwe amatha kuyambitsa matenda ashuga - matenda a impso, chiwindi, mavuto a mtima. Chifukwa chake, ndikofunikira kuti muzindikire moyenera komanso munthawi yake.

Kukana kwa insulin kumawonedwa osati mwa okalamba. Masiku ano, odwala ndi ana ang'onoang'ono amapezeka ndi matendawa. Koma funso lofunikira kwambiri lidakali la anthu omwe zaka zawo ndi zopitilira 55. Kodi chifukwa chake ndi chiyani, momwe mungadziwire zoyambira zoyambitsa matenda a shuga?

Zifukwa zachitukuko

Monga kafukufuku wazachipatala, matenda a shuga, makamaka mtundu II, amachitika motsutsana ndi maziko a chibadwa (80% cha matenda). Pali zinthu zina zachiwiri zomwe zimathandizanso kuti matendawo atukuke.

Makamaka, ndikofunikira kuzindikira zingapo zomwe zimayambitsa matenda ashuga:

kunenepa kwa zovuta zilizonse. Zili mu lipid metabolism kuti pali chiopsezo chofunikira kwambiri kwa anthu omwe achedwa kuchepa kagayidwe kachakudya mthupi;
zovuta pamlingo uliwonse komanso nthawi yayitali. Kwa munthu wachikulire, mkhalidwe wopsinjika kamodzi ndi wokwanira, motsutsana ndi kumbuyo komwe kumakhala ndi kuthamanga kwa magazi, arrhythmia ndi secretion yowonjezera ya cortisol (mahomoni opsinjika). Chifukwa chokhala ndi nkhawa nthawi zonse, thupi limatha kuchita molakwika, kudzutsa mawonekedwe a insulini;
moyo wongokhala komanso kupatula zakudya zopatsa thanzi (zam'phaka, mafuta a nyama) potengera ogwiritsa ntchito ndalama zimawonjezera vuto la matenda ashuga.

Maziko a shuga II amtundu wa inshuwaransi ndi njira ya insulin kukana (monga madokotala, chochitika), kusokonekera kwa zinthu zotchedwa β-cell. Chifukwa cha njirazi, pali kuchepa kwamphamvu kwa mahomoni a peptide chikhalidwe cha insulin.

Mawonekedwe mwa odwala okalamba

Odwala omwe ali ndi zaka zopitilira 50 nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi mahomoni okhala ndi zotsutsana. Kuyambira kuyambira m'badwo uno, pali kutengera kwachilengedwe kwa kupanga kwakukulu kwa mahomoni STH, ACTH, cortisol.

Poyerekeza ndi momwe izi zimachitikira, kulolera kwa glucose kumachepa. Mwakuchita, zisonyezo zomwe zasinthidwa ndizinthu zomwe zimayambitsa chitukuko cha matenda ashuga, zonsezo ngati zikuchitika popanda chibadwa.

Endocrinologists amati zaka 10 zilizonse (pambuyo pa 50):

kuchuluka kwa shuga kumasinthasintha mozungulira 0,055 mmol / l (pamimba yopanda kanthu);
kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magulu a biomatadium (plasma) mu 1.5-2 maola atatha chakudya chilichonse kumawonjezeka ndi 0,5 mmol / L.

Izi ndi zitsanzo zapakati zokha, zomwe m'moyo zingasiyane.

Mwa munthu wachikulire, mosasamala kanthu za kudziwikiratu, kuchuluka kwa HCT (glucose m'magazi) kumasiyana malinga ndi zinthu zingapo, zomwe zimafotokozedwa pamwambapa kuti ndizoyambitsa kwachiwiri. Zotsatira zake zimakhala chiopsezo chambiri kapena chotsika cha matenda amtundu wa II omwe amapuma pantchito.

Chizindikiro cha kukula kwa matenda ashuga mwa penshoni ndikuwonetsera kwa omwe amadziwika kuti postprandial glycemia syndrome (kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi obwera ndi magazi (magazi) atatha kudya chakudya.

Kuti mumve tsatanetsatane wa vutoli, ndikofunikira muzowunikira momwe magazi amapangidwira pambuyo pa chakudya (pambuyo pa maola awiri). Kuwonjezeka kwa ziwonetsero kukuwonetsa kuti pali zovuta zina mthupi, zomwe munthu akamakalamba amatanthauza kukhalapo kwa matenda ashuga.

Kuphwanya kulekerera (kuchuluka kwa ziwonetsero za plasma) ku glucose mu ukalamba nthawi zambiri kumachitika pazifukwa zingapo:

kutsika motsutsana ndi maziko amasinthidwe okhudzana ndi zaka mu minyewa yamtundu wa insulin;
kuchepa kwa ntchito ya pancreatic, makamaka - insulin katulutsidwe;
mphamvu ya ma insretins (mahomoni) imachepetsedwa chifukwa cha zaka.

Nthawi ya matenda a shuga mellitus II t. Pakati mwa openshoni amalemedwa ndi zinthu monga kukhalapo kwa ziwalo zingapo za ziwalo.

Malinga ndi ziwerengero za endocrinologists, 80% ya odwala omwe ali ndi matendawa kale anali ndi matenda oopsa kapena a dyslipidemia. Zinthu ngati izi zimafunikira chithandizo chapadera (prophylactic kapena inpatient).

Pambuyo pamankhwala ena pamatenda omwe ali pamwambapa, zotsatira zoyipa zimachitika: kuphwanya kwa chakudya cham'mimba ndi lipid metabolism. Izi zimasokoneza metabolic metabolologies omwe amafunikira kuwongolera odwala matenda ashuga.

Chithunzi cha kuchipatala

Kutsimikiza kwa odwala okalamba kumakhala kovuta kwambiri.

Monga lamulo, odwala kapena abale awo samalabadira zomwe sizinatchulidwe, zomwe, pakadali pano, ndizizindikiro zofunika zakukula kwa matenda ovuta.

Kutopa, kugona, kusinthasintha kwa ma virus komanso matenda pafupipafupi - izi ndi chizindikiro cha munthu wokalamba.

Chifukwa chake, ambiri safuna upangiri, chifukwa zisonyezo zonse ndi zaka. Pakadali pano, ndizizindikiro izi, komanso kuchuluka kwamadzimadzi omwe amatengedwa omwe akuwonetsa kukhalapo kwa matendawa.

Kuwotcha kapena kuyabwa kwa maliseche popanda kuwonetsa kutulutsa ndi chizindikiro choyamba cha matenda ashuga. Vutoli limaphatikizidwa ndi totupa yaying'ono pakhungu la thupi.

Kodi kuopsa kwa matenda ashuga a mtundu 2 kuli bwanji kwa okalamba?

Monga matenda ena aliwonse omwe ali ndi zaka zakale kapena zosaoneka bwino, matenda ashuga ali ndi mfundo zingapo zowopsa zomwe ndizofunikira kuziganizira kwa odwalawo komanso abale awo:

mtima mavuto (macroangiopathy a mitsempha yayikulu ndi yapakati);
microangiopathy kapena kusintha kwa ma arterioles, capillaries, venule (atherosulinosis);
kupitirira kwa matenda a coronary;
chiwopsezo chowonjezereka cha myocardial infarction;
chiopsezo chowonjezeka;
atherosulinosis ya ziwiya zamapazi.

Tiyenera kumvetsetsa kuti microangiopathies (atherosulinosis) imakula mwa anthu achikulire mwachangu komanso koyambirira kuposa odwala omwe ali ndi matenda ofanana ali aang'ono. Poyerekeza ndi maziko a matenda a shuga, matenda osokoneza bongo monga kuchepa kwa masomphenya (kutsiriza khungu), kuyang'ana kumbuyo, ndikuyendetsa ma mandala kuwonekera.

Kusintha mawonekedwe a phazi kuchokera kuzungulung'ono mpaka pamlingo wopindika limodzi, kuwoneka ngati ming'alu kumadziwika kuti ndi chimodzi mwazizindikiro zoyambirira za matenda ashuga.

Pamaso pa matenda a impso, nephroangiopathy, matenda a pyelonephritis amakhala. Nthawi zambiri pamakhala matenda a matenda ashuga. Njirayi imayendetsedwa ndikumverera kuchepa kwa khungu kumiyendo, nthawi ndi nthawi kumakhala kumverera kwa zokwawa, ndipo khungu lonse limakhala louma, ngati pepala lanyumba.

Zizindikiro

Ngati mukukayikira matenda ashuga, dokotala amakupatsani kafukufuku wambiri (kawiri) wamagazi a m'magazi:

glycated hemoglobin;
glycated albumin;
shuga yosala kudya (plasma)> 7.0 mmol / l - chizindikiro cha matenda ashuga;
shuga m'magazi kuchokera ku chala> 6.1 mmol / L ndi chizindikiro cha matenda ashuga.

Ndikofunika kuganizira umboni wa mkodzo kupezeka kwa shuga, acetone. Kuyesedwa ndi dokotala wamaso, ma neurologist amaonedwa ngati ovomerezeka.

Mankhwala

Kuchiza matenda a shuga sikungofunika nthawi yayitali (osachepera zaka ziwiri), komanso kuwononga ndalama zochulukirapo.

Odwala ambiri, akuyembekeza kuti alandire mothandizidwa ndi malingaliro osavuta, amayamba mkhalidwe wovuta, ndikupangitsa kukhazikika kwa matenda a shuga.

Shuga mu mkhalidwe uwu amaposa chizindikiro cha 30 mmol / l (pamlingo wochepera 5), kuyankhula kumakhala kotsika, malingaliro amakhala osagwirizana. Osangokhala ma cell a ubongo omwe amawonongeka, komanso ziwalo zonse zamkati.

Kulankhula za chithandizo pankhaniyi ndikovuta kwambiri. Ntchito yake ndi kuti adotolo apulumutse moyo ndikusintha moyo wabwino. Chithandizo chamankhwala osokoneza bongo ndi njira yokhayo yoyenera yomwe ingakhazikitse thanzi, pokhapokha ndikukhazikika.

Ngati kuli kotheka kukhazikika m'magulu a shuga, ndikulimbikitsidwa kugwiritsa ntchito ma increatins (mimetics, GLP-1). Koma, mulimonse momwe zingakhalire, ndikofunikira kumvetsetsa kuti moyo wabwino umadalira momwe wodwalayo amakhalira, ndipo njira zambiri zochiritsira zimakhala ndi kuchepetsa shuga. M'tsogolomo, wodwalayo amangoyang'anira zakudya, akumalandira malangizo a dokotala.

Mankhwala okhazikika:

Metformin;
Thiazolidinedione;
Diabresid;
Glemaz;
Betanase;
Glucophage;
Bagomet;
Vipidia;
Galvus;
Trazenta.

Simungathe kupatsa ena mankhwala. Kuyanjana kwawo pakati pawo kungawononge thanzi la wodwalayo, ndikofunikira kukumbukira.

Chithandizo cha anthu

Chithandizo cha matenda ashuga kunyumba ndi njira yodziwika bwino yomwe imathandizira magawo oyamba a matenda popanda kudalira insulin. M'malo mwa mahormoni mulibe.

Mutha kusintha zomwe zikuchitika, kukulitsa chikhululukiro cha matendawa ndi njira zotsimikiziridwa:

Buckwheat ndi kefir. Zopera kuzera (makamaka osati yokazinga) mu kuchuluka kwa 1 tbsp. l kutsanulira mu kapu ya kefir usiku, ndikumwa m'mawa. Chitani izi kwa mwezi osachepera;
decoction of bay tsamba. Thirani masamba 8-10 ndi madzi otentha, ndiye kuthira madzi otentha (600-700 gramu). Lolani kuziziritsa, tengani pamimba yopanda theka kapu kwa masiku 14;
nyemba zophika. Amachetsanso shuga bwino. Ingophatikizani muzakudya zanu;
decoction wa akufa njuchi. Ndikofunika kukumbukira kuti tizilombo ta uchi sayenera kudwala. Kuphika njuchi 20 mumalita awiri amadzi kwa maola awiri. Tengani 200 magalamu patsiku.

Kutalika kwa chithandizo chamankhwala ndikofunikira kuphatikiza ndi njira zomwe dokotala wamulembera ndipo musaiwale kuwongolera shuga, mosasamala kanthu za momwe aliri.

Zakudya

Chinthu chachikulu ndi matenda a shuga, mosasamala mtundu, ndikulimbitsa thupi mokwanira komanso kudya moyenera.

Musachotse nsomba zam'mafuta (zam'madzi), nyama, ndi zakudya zonse zopezeka m'mafuta a cholesterol kuchokera muzakudya.

Ndikofunika kupatula zakudya zophikira zatsopano ndi zophika mkate.

Nthawi zambiri, tebulo lazakudya ndi dokotala yemwe amatsogozedwa ndi zizindikiro zofufuzira, mkhalidwe wa wodwala ndi pathogenesis yamatenda. Kutsatira malamulo onse kumathandizira kuwonjezera zotsatira za mankhwala.