Njira yopanga matenda a shuga: chimachitika ndi chiyani mthupi ndi momwe mungathandizire wodwala?

Matendawa ali ndi mayina ambiri: wakupha wokoma, nthenda yayikulu ya nthawi yathu ino komanso mliri wazaka zam'ma 2000. Sichinali pachabe kuti matenda ashuga amalandira "mayina" ake onse: chaka chilichonse kuchuluka kwa anthu odwala matenda amtunduwu kukukulirakulira.

Ndipo zomwe zimakhala zachisoni kwambiri - ngakhale oyamwitsa amapita kukawerengera. Kodi matenda ashuga amakula bwanji?

Pakadali pano, madokotala alibe yankho lomaliza, koma pophunzira matendawa pafupipafupi, timatha kudziwa zomwe zimayambitsa ndikuyesa kupewa chitukuko chake.

Kodi chimayambitsa matenda ashuga ndi chiyani?

Zifukwa ziwiri zoyambitsa matenda a shuga zimakhazikitsidwa ndendende:

• beta cell kufa. Amapangidwa ndi kapamba (kapamba). Ndi ma cell omwe amalowetsa insulin. Ndipo chifukwa chomwe amwalira ndi "cholakwika" chosavomerezeka. Pazifukwa zomwe sizikumveka, amatenga maselo athanzi maselo achilendo ndikufuna kuwawononga. Matendawa ndi a mtundu woyamba wa shuga. Amadziwikanso kuti mwana;
• chitetezo chokwanira ndi maselo a insulin. Njira imeneyi nthawi zambiri imawonedwa mwa anthu onenepa, chifukwa amamwa zakudya zochulukirapo zamafuta. Matendawa ndi a 2 shuga.

Mtundu 1 (wodalira insulin)

Matenda a shuga a mtundu uwu nthawi zambiri amakhudza achinyamata (ochepera zaka 40), omwe amakonda kuwonda. Chithunzi cha chipatala ndizovuta; jakisoni wokhazikika wa insulin amafunikira chithandizo. Kalanga ine, simuyenera kuwerengera kuchira kwathunthu, chifukwa chikhalidwe chowononga cha chitetezo champhamvu pantchito ya kapamba sichimamveka bwino.

Mitundu iwiri (yosavomerezeka ndi insulin)

Potere, anthu amakhala chandamale. Monga lamulo, onse ndi onenepa. Kuchokera ku dzinalo zikuwonekeratu kuti jakisoni pamenepa akhoza kupewedwa.

Chizindikirocho chikapezeka, choyambirira, amapeza zakudya zapadera za wodwalayo. Ntchito ya wodwala ndikuwonetsetsa ndikuwonetsetsa kuti akulemera.

Ngati izi sizili zokwanira, mapiritsi apadera amalembedwa, ndipo insulin ndiyosowa kwambiri, kokha ngati njira yomaliza.

Okakamiza

Matendawa amakhala ndi azimayi oyembekezera okha, monga momwe dzinalo limanenera. Kupatula apo, mimbulu ndiyo nthawi yonse yobala mwana.

Matenda amtunduwu amapezeka m'magulu 3-5% okha. Pankhaniyi, mayi woyembekezera musanakhale ndi pakati, kuchuluka kwa glucose kumakhala kwabwinobwino.

Matenda azisamba nthawi zambiri amatha pambuyo pobadwa. Koma pali vuto lomwe lingakhalepo panthawi yotsatira. Chiwopsezo chake ndi chachikulu kwambiri - 70%.

Steroid

Mtundu wa steroid wa shuga uli ndi dzina lina - achire. Chowonadi ndi chakuti mawonekedwe ake amatsogozedwa ndi kudya kwa nthawi yayitali kwa mankhwala a mahomoni ndi wodwala.

Zotsatira zake, thupi limadziunjikira kuchuluka kwa corticosteroids. Ngati wodwala ali ndi kagayidwe kazakudya kachulukidwe kazakudya, mankhwala osokoneza bongo amadzayambitsa matenda ochepa, omwe amatha kwathunthu atatha kusiya mankhwala.

Koma ngati pali matenda amtundu wa 2, ndiye kuti 60% ya matendawa amatenga mawonekedwe a insulin.

Matenda a shuga kwa ana

Nthawi zambiri, mwa ana a zaka 6 mpaka 11, amodzi amawapeza ndi mtundu umodzi wa matenda ashuga. Pali milandu yamatenda akhanda. Cholinga chake ndi kutengera kwa majini ophatikizidwa ndimatenda owopsa a virus. Matenda a Type 2 amapezeka mwa ana onenepa kwambiri.

Ndani angadwale: zinthu zoopsa

Matenda a shuga amatha kuyamba ngati:

• chinthu cholowa, pomwe wachibale ali ndi matenda amtundu uliwonse. Ngati bambo akudwala, chiopsezo chokhala ndi matenda mu mwana ndi 10%, ngati mayi ali 2% yokha;
• kuvulala kwambiri kapena kuwonongeka kwa kapamba;
• kachilombo koyambitsa matenda komanso kukhala wonenepa kwambiri;
• kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala kwa nthawi yayitali;
• kupsinjika kosalekeza;
• katundu wochepa thupi;
• M'badwo: kukulitsa kwake, kumakhala kowopsa.

Chimachitika ndi chiyani ndi shuga ndi thupi?

Chinsinsi cha matenda ndi kulephera kwa kapamba kuti apange insulin. Ndipo chifukwa chiyani mahomoniwa amafunikira?

Chowonadi ndi chakuti khungu limapangidwa mwanjira yoti payokha sangathe kuyamwa glucose - chakudya choyenera kuti chikhalepo.

Koma insulin ikhoza kuchita izi. Imakhala kiyi yomwe "imatsegulira" khungu la insulin.

Pakakhala timadzi tating'onoting'ono m'magazi, glucose (pambuyo pazovuta zovuta zamakanidwe ochulukitsa kuchokera ku chakudya) sangathe kulowa m'maselo ndi kudziunjikira mopitirira muyeso. Vutoli limachitika modabwitsa: ndi shuga wambiri, maselo amapitilira njala.

Chimachitika ndi chiyani ndi shuga? Zimatengedwa ndi minofu yomwe safuna "chithandizo" cha insulin. Ndipo ngati glucose amachuluka kwambiri, amadziunjika mopitirira muyeso.

Tikulankhula za maselo am'mutu komanso zotsekera mitsempha. Ndiwo oyamba kugundidwa. Chifukwa chake, zizindikiro zoyambirira za matendawa zimawonekera mu migraines, kusawona bwino ndi kutopa.

Chifukwa chake, ndi matenda ashuga, pali zovuta monga:

• Kuperewera kwa mahomoni ena ndi kuchulukitsa kwa ena: mozama mulibe insulin, ndipo glycated (candied) hemoglobin, m'malo mwake, imakhala yofunikira kuposa;
• kagayidwe kachakudya. Nthawi zambiri, zopatsa mphamvu zamagetsi zimapereka mphamvu (zakudya) kwa maselo onse amthupi. Ngati kagayidwe kachakudya kakuchitika, kuchuluka kwa shuga mumagazi kumapita: kumawonjezera kapena kuchepa;
• kuphwanya ntchito za kapamba ndi ziwalo zina.

Nthawi zambiri, kapamba amapanga insulin mu mitundu iwiri:

• usiku ndi pakati pa chakudya. Pakadali pano, kuphatikiza kwa mahomoni kumayenda bwino komanso mosalekeza;
• mutatha kudya, pamene katulutsidwe ka timadzi timene timatulutsa mokulira momwe timafunikira kuti shuga akhale bwino.

Chifukwa cha kukanika kwa pancreatic, glycosylation ya michere ya nembanemba imachitika. Ndipo ichi ndiye chifukwa chachikulu chamatenda amtsogolo a ziwalo zambiri komanso mamisempha.

Kodi matendawa amayenda mwachangu motani?

Njira ya matenda 1 imayamba mofulumira komanso molimbika - m'masiku ochepa.

Zichitika kuti pamenepa munthu akhoza kugwa, ndipo pachipatala mwadzidzidzi adzafunika. Kusiyana pakati pa matenda ashuga amtundu wa 2 kukukula kosakhazikika, kwazaka zambiri.

Kukumana ndi kufooka pafupipafupi, kulephera kuwona ndi kuiwalaiwala, wodwalayo sangazindikire kuti izi ndi zizindikiro za matenda ashuga.

Chithunzi cha matenda ashuga

Pali mitundu iwiri ya zizindikiro: yoyamba komanso yachiwiri.

Zizindikiro zazikulu zikuphatikiza:

• polyuria (wodwalayo amakonda kukodza, makamaka usiku). Chifukwa chake thupi limachotsa shuga wowonjezera;
• polyphagypamene wodwala akufuna kudya nthawi zonse;
• polydipsia. Chifukwa chokodza pafupipafupi, kuchepa kwamadzi kumachitika;
• kuwonda. Nthawi zambiri amawona ndi mtundu 1 matenda. Ngakhale kudya kwambiri, wodwala amataya ma kilogalamu.

Zizindikiro zachiwiri:

• Khungu ndi ukazi;
• kufooka kwa minofu ndi kukokana;
• kumva kuwawa ndi / kapena kudontha miyendo;
• masomphenya osalala;
• mutu
• mkodzo acetone (wa mtundu 1 wa matenda ashuga);
• mabala ochiritsa bwino.

Chithunzithunzi cha matenda m'makanda sichowonekera kwambiri. Mabere amafunitsitsa kuyamwa mabere awo, amatha kuvala bwino, ndipo kukodza pafupipafupi kumawoneka ngati kwachilengedwe. Koma azimayi atenga chidwi ndi kuchapa kwachika nthawi yoti mwana achotse, ndipo iyi ndi nthawi yofunika kusamala.

Kodi zovuta za odwala matenda ashuga ndi ziti?

Hyperglycemia ndi hypoglycemia

Shuga atasowa (osakwana 2.8 mmol) m'thupi, hypoglycemia imachitika. Kuopsa kwake ndikutukuka msanga, komwe kumadzaza ndi kusazindikira. Matenda owopsa amatengera njira zowonongeka mu ubongo. Zomwe zimayambitsa mavutowa zimatha kukhala mankhwala ochulukirapo kapena kusala kudya pafupipafupi. Hypoflycemia yofatsa imatha kuonedwa ngati yopanda vuto.

Hyperglycemia ndi chifukwa chosowa insulini, motero shuga. Zizindikiro zake zowopsa zimawopseza wodwalayo chikomokere. Kuopsa kwa vutoli ndikutheka kwa ketonuria kapena ketoacidosis.

Cholinga chake ndikuchepa kwa shuga m'zakudya za cell. Thupi lomwe lili ndi izi limayamba kuphwanya mafuta, kumasula acetone. Kuchulukitsitsa kwake kumavulaza ziwalo zonse.

Matenda a shuga

Matendawa odwala matenda ashuga ndiovuta kwambiri odwala matenda ashuga. Pathogenesis imayamba chifukwa cha magazi osayenda bwino m'mitsempha, m'mitsempha, komanso minyewa yamitsempha. Popeza chidwi chawo chimachepa, mabala kapena kudula kwa wodwalayo sikusokonezeka.

Mwina sangazindikire chilonda chopangidwa ndi strne corneum. Nthawi zambiri, dera la phazi limakhudzidwa. Izi ndizomveka, chifukwa zimawongolera katundu wanu poyenda. Ming'alu yaying'ono imawonekera koyamba. Kenako kachilomboka kamalowa mwa iwo, ndipo khungu loyera limayamba.

Angiopathy

Mwanjira imeneyi, zombo zazing'ono komanso zazikulu zimagwera chifukwa cha matenda ashuga. Angiopathy imayamba pamene matenda ashuga amatenga nthawi yayitali (zaka zoposa 10).

Mafuta amtunduwu amawononga zimakhala za makhoma amitsempha, zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zowonda komanso kwinakwake.

Pali kuphwanya kayendedwe kabwinobwino ka magazi, ndipo ziwalo zimaperewera mpweya ndi michere. Nthawi zambiri kuposa ena, miyendo (2/3 ya zochitika zonse) komanso mtima umavutika. Retinopathy sichachilendo pamene ziwiya zowonongeka ndi matenda ashuga sizitha kupereka magazi ku retina.

Nephropathy

Nephropathy ndi vuto la shuga mu impso, makamaka, pazinthu zosefera - nephron glomeruli.

Shuga wapamwamba amawononga kapangidwe kake, ndipo mapuloteni ochulukirapo amalowa mkodzo (izi siziyenera kukhala zabwinobwino).

Pamene matendawa achulukitsa impso, thupi limataya mapuloteni. Zimayambitsa kutupa.

Impso zikasiya kugwira ntchito, kulephera kwa impso kumadziwika.

Matenda a shuga

Mavuto owopsa a shuga osakhazikika amitundu yonseyi. Kuperewera kwa insulin kumabweretsa kudzikundikira kwa matupi ochuluka a acetone (kapena ma ketones).

Zotsatira zake ndikukula kwa ketoacidotic chikomokere. Pakakhala kuchuluka kwa glucose ndi lactate (zinthu zomwe zimawonongeka pansi pa okosijeni), chikomacho chimatchedwa hyperosmolar kapena hyperlactacidemic.

Momwe mungathandizire wodwala kuti athetse matendawa?

Kupambana kwamachiritso kumadalira kulumikizana komwe adokotala akupita komanso kwa wodwalayo.

Wodwala wodwala matenda ashuga ayenera kutsatira mosamalitsa malangizo onse a endocrinologist pankhani ya zakudya komanso moyo.

Ndipo ngakhale zakudya za matenda ashuga ndizovuta kwambiri, mapiritsi othandizira amathandizanso wodwalayo kupewa zolakwika zaphokoso ndikukhazikitsa shuga.

Makanema okhudzana nawo

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