Njira zazikulu zodziwira matenda ashuga

Kuzindikira matenda ashuga kumatha kuchitika m'njira ziwiri: kuwunika ma labotale ndi mbiri yakale potenga ndi ukatswiri.

Zowonera Odwala

Wodwala asanayambe kuchita mayeso angapo a matenda ashuga, chidziwitso chotsatirachi chiyenera kuyikidwa kale pa khadi yake:

1. Kuchuluka kwa kuwonongeka kwa kapamba ndi kuchuluka kwa maselo stored omwe amasungidwa omwe amatha kutulutsa insulin;
2. Kodi chithandizo chamankhwala chaposachedwa (ngati chilipo), chikuwonjezeka;
3. Kodi pali zovuta zina zazitali, kuchuluka kwake zovuta;
4. Momwe impso zimagwirira ntchito
5. Mlingo wa chiwopsezo cha zovuta zowonjezera;
6. Kuopsa kwa matenda amtima kapena minyewa.

Momwe mungadziwire matenda a shuga ndi zizindikiro?

Kuphatikiza pa njira zogwiritsira ntchito ma labotale, matenda a shuga a mtundu woyamba ndi wachiwiri ndiwowona kuzindikirika ndi zizindikiro zakunja. Ngati apezeka, wodwalayo ayenera kupereka magazi osachepera shuga kuti ayang'ane mulingo wake. Matenda akangopezeka posachedwa, amakhala othandiza kwambiri. Chikhalidwe cha chithunzi chazizindikiro chingadalire mtundu wa matenda ashuga.

Mtundu 1

Zizindikiro zake zimakhala zachindunji ndipo nthawi zambiri zimatchulidwa. Izi zikuphatikiza:

• Wodwalayo amakhala ndi ludzu nthawi zonse ndipo amatha kumwa mpaka malita 5 a madzi patsiku;
• Fungo lofanana ndi acetone limachokera mkamwa;
• Njala yokhazikika, pomwe zopatsa mphamvu zonse zimadyedwa mwachangu ndipo wodwala amachepetsa thupi;
• Chiritsani zotupa zonse zapakhungu;
• Nthawi zambiri mukufuna kugwiritsa ntchito chimbudzi, kuchuluka kwamkodzo tsiku lililonse;
• Zilonda zamatumbo osiyanasiyana pakhungu (kuphatikizapo zithupsa ndi bowa);
• Chithunzithunzi chikukula kwambiri komanso modzidzimutsa.

Mtundu 2

Chizindikiro chazinthu izi ndizobisalira. Chifukwa chake, ndi matenda amtundu wa 2 wodwala, simuyenera kudikirira kuti zilembozo ziwonjezeke ndikupita kukayezetsa nthawi yomweyo. Zizindikiro za matenda amtunduwu:

• Maso amagwa;
• Wodwala amayamba kutopa msanga;
• Mumva inenso;
• Nocturnal enursis;
• Ziphuphu zopezeka pamiyala yam'munsi (matenda ashuga);
• Paresthesia;
• Kupweteka kwapafupa pa kayendedwe;
• Thrush wosakhazikika odwala;
• Zizindikiro zake zimakhala ngati mafunde;
• Chizindikiro chowoneka: mavuto amtima amawoneka kwambiri, mpaka kugunda kwa mtima kapena stroko.

Laborator diagnostics

Kusanthula, komwe kumachitika nthawi ndi nthawi, kumapangitsa kuyang'anira momwe thupi liliri kwa nthawi yayitali komanso ngati pali zovuta kuchita kuti muwazindikire poyambira. Kuti muzindikire matenda a shuga pogwiritsa ntchito mayeso a labotale, wodwalayo ayenera kudutsa izi:

• Mtundu wamtundu: HLA DR3, DR4 ndi DQ;
• Mtundu wa immunological: kukhalapo kwa ma antibodies kuchokera ku decarboxylase of glutamic acid antibodies, maselo mu islets of Langerhans, insulin;
• Mtundu wa Metabolic: glycohemoglobin A1, kutayika kwa gawo 1 la insulini pambuyo poyeserera kwa glucose pogwiritsa ntchito njira yolimba.

Tiyeni tiwone mitundu yapadera yosanthula mwatsatanetsatane pang'ono.

Mwazi wamagazi

Kuyesedwa kwa shuga kumatha kuperekedwa pamimba yopanda kanthu ndipo tsiku lonse (misempha ya shuga imadumpha mutatha kudya). Poyamba, kusanthula kumaperekedwa m'mawa, pomwe wodwalayo adadya komaliza maola 8 apitawa. Ngati pali kafukufuku wa magazi a capillary, chizindikirocho chikuyenera kuchoka pa 3.5 mpaka 5.5 mmol / lita.

Pomwe magazi a venous adatengedwa, malire apansi ndiomwewo, ndipo okwera ndi 6.1 mmol / lita.

Zopereka zamagazi mutatha kudya (pafupifupi maola angapo) zimaperekedwa kuti ziziwunika momwe chakudyacho chimamwetsedwera komanso zakudya zonse zimawonongeka. Mulingo ungasiyane wodwala aliyense.

Izi zimapangidwa mu labotale komanso kunyumba. Kuti muchite chilichonse kunyumba, mumafunikira chipangizo chapadera - glucometer. Amagulitsidwa muma pharmacies.

Insulin ndi proinsulin

Insulin imapangidwa m'maselo a pancreatic beta. M'thupi, amafunika kuti muchepetse kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi, ndikugawa m'maselo. Ngati mulibe, glucose amakhalabe m'magazi, magaziwo amayamba kunenepa, mawonekedwe a magazi. Proinsulin ndiye njira yopangira insulin.

Amayeza kuti adziwe insulinomas. Mlingo wa mankhwalawa umawonjezeka ndi mitundu 1 ndi 2 ya matenda ashuga.

C peptide

Ichi ndi gawo la molekyu ya insulin. Ali ndi moyo wautali kuposa insulin, kotero ndikosavuta kudziwa kukhalapo kwa matenda ashuga. Kutsika kwa kuchuluka kwa C-peptide kumachitika chifukwa chosowa insulin. Kuchulukitsa kuchuluka kwa insulinoma.

Glycated Hemoglobin

Mu gawo la hemoglobin wa glycated, mamolekyulu a glucose amathandizika ndi valine mu β-cell ya hemoglobin. Zimakhudzana mwachindunji ndi kuchuluka kwa shuga. Ichi ndi chizindikiro chokhazikika cha kukhazikika kwa kagayidwe kazakudya m'miyezi iwiri yapitayi musanayambe kuyesa. Kuthamanga kwa kupanga hemoglobin yamtunduwu kumadalira makamaka kuwopsa kwa hyperglycemia. Mlingo wake umasinthidwa masabata 5 atakhazikika pamisempha yamawazi.

Mlingo wa hemoglobin wa glycated umatsimikiziridwa pakakhala zofunika kuwongolera kayendedwe ka metabolic, komanso kutsimikizira kukhazikika kwachilengedwe pamlingo wazinthu izi. Akatswiri (pazochitika za anthu omwe akuwaganizira kuti ali ndi matenda ashuga) amalimbikitsa kutenga kusanthula kamodzi mu miyezi 4. Ndi chizolowezi chopezeka pakanthawi pano chododometsa, chizindikirocho chimachepera 5.7.

Iyi ndi imodzi mwazomwe amafufuza njira kwa odwala amisinkhu iliyonse. Magazi a hemoglobin a glycated amaperekedwa kokha kuchokera mu mtsempha.

Fructosamine

Kusanthula kumeneku kumachitika pakatha masabata atatu aliwonse (chifukwa chake, zotsatira zapano zikuwonetsedwa panthawiyi). Kusanthula kumapangidwa ndimatenda a shuga ndi chakudya pamlingo wozindikiritsa matendawa ndikuwunika momwe mankhwalawa amathandizira panthawi ya mankhwala. Magazi oyipa amatengedwa pamimba yopanda kanthu amayesedwa. Nthawi zambiri, zizindikiro zizikhala motere:

• Mpaka zaka 14 - kuyambira 190 mpaka 270 μmol / lita;
• Pambuyo - kuchokera 204 mpaka 287 μmol / lita.

Mwa odwala matenda ashuga, mankhwalawa amatha kuchokera pa 320 mpaka 370 μmol / lita. Ndi kuchuluka kwambiri kwa fructosamine, odwala amapezeka kuti amalephera komanso aimpso, matenda ashuga nephropathy ndi hypoalbuminemia.

Kuwerengera magazi kwathunthu

Kusanthula kwa zochulukitsira zizindikiro za magawo osiyanasiyana a magazi. Mulingo wawo komanso kupezeka kwa zinthu zina zosafunikira kumawonetsa mawonekedwe amthupi ndipo zimawonetsa zonse zomwe zimachitika mmenemo.

Mu odwala matenda ashuga, kafukufuku wotereyu amakhala ndi magawo awiri: kutenga zakudya pamimba yopanda kanthu komanso mpanda mukatha kudya.

Mkhalidwe wazomwezi zikuwunikiridwa:

1. Hematocrit. Chiwerengero cha madzi amadzimadzi a plasma ndi maselo ofiira amtsempha. Ngati hematocrit ndi yokwera - wodwalayo nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi erythrocytosis, kuchepa - kuchepa kwa magazi m'thupi komanso kuthamanga kwa magazi ndi kotheka. Mulingo wa hematocrit ukugwera mwa amayi apakati oyembekezera.
2. Mapulatifomu. Ngati kuchuluka kwawo kuli kochepa, ndiye kuti magaziwo samavala bwino, ichi chikhoza kukhala chizindikiro cha matenda aposachedwa kapena zovuta zina. Ngati pali mapulateleti ambiri, kutupa ndi matenda osiyanasiyana kumachitika (kuphatikizapo chifuwa chachikulu).
3. Hemoglobin. Kuchepetsa hemoglobin kukuwonetsa kuphwanya mapangidwe a magazi, kupezeka kwa magazi mkati kapena kuchepa magazi. Mlingo wake mu odwala matenda ashuga ukuwonjezeka ndi kusowa kwamadzi.
4. Maselo oyera. Mlingo wowonjezereka - kukula kwa kutupa, khansa. Kutsitsidwa - nthawi zambiri matenda a radiation.

Urinalysis ndi impso ultrasound

Kukhalapo kwa matenda a shuga kumakhudza mkhalidwe wa impso, chifukwa chake maphunziro awa amachitika (mkodzo umapangidwa impso). Ndi kusanthula kokwanira kwa mkodzo, kumawunikiridwa:

1. Mtundu wa biomaterial, kupezeka kwa matope, chizindikiritso cha acidity komanso kuwonekera;
2. Kupangidwa kwamankhwala;
3. Mphamvu yapadera (kuyang'anira momwe impso imagwirira ntchito ndi kuthekera kwawo kutulutsa mkodzo);
4. Mlingo wa shuga, mapuloteni ndi acetone.

Pa kusanthula uku, mulingo wa microalbumin mu mkodzo umalembedwanso. Kuti muwongolere zambiri, mumafunika mkodzo, womwe umatulutsidwa pakati pa tsiku, umasonkhanitsidwa m'chidebe chosawoneka bwino. Zomangamanga ndizoyenera kuziwunika pokhapokha tsiku litatha. Mwa munthu wathanzi, matupi a microalbumin okha ndi omwe amatha kuyang'ana mu mkodzo; mwa wodwala, kuchuluka kwake kumakhala kwakukulu. Chizindikiro chosavomerezeka ndikuchokera ku 4 mpaka 300 mg.

Ndi ultrasound, chidwi chimalipira kukula kwa impso, kusintha kapangidwe kake, kukhalapo kwa magonedwe ena. Nthawi zambiri amapezeka m'magawo atatu a shuga.

Kuphatikiza kwamwazi

Mwazi umatengedwanso pamimba yopanda kanthu. Pali kusanthula kwa zochulukitsira zizindikiro za zinthuzi:

• Shuga;
• Kipase;
• Creatine phosphokinase;
• Alkaline phosphatase;
• Creatinine;
• Agologolo;
• Bilirubin;
• Urea
• Amylase;
• Cholesterol;
• AST ndi ALT.

Ophthalmologic mayeso

Ndi matenda ashuga, kupweteka kwamaso, chiwopsezo chotenga matenda am'maso, mawonekedwe a khungu ndi glaucoma zimawonjezeka. Izi zimachitika chifukwa cha kuwonongeka kwamitsempha yamagazi komanso kukula kwa matenda ashuga a retinopathy. Makoma otupa amakhala osalimba, chifukwa chomwe fundus imasintha, zotupa ndi zowonjezera zina zimawonekera.

Electrocardiogram

Chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa shuga, mtima wamagazi umawonongeka. Odwala odwala matenda ashuga nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi stroketi komanso mtima, myocardiopathy, komanso matenda amitsempha yamagazi.

Kusanthula koteroko kuyenera kuchitika miyezi isanu ndi umodzi. Ngati wodwala ali ndi zaka zopitilira 40 - kotala iliyonse.

Ndikofunikira kukumbukira kuti awa ndi mndandanda wazonse wazomwe amayesedwa matenda a shuga.

Katswiri, kutengera mlandu womwewo, akhoza kusankhidwa ndikuwonjezera maphunziro. Ngati mukuwona kuti muli ndi zizindikilo zakunja za mtundu 1 kapena matenda ashuga a 2, musakokere ndikulankhula njira zodziwonetseratu matenda a labotale.