Mukamayang'anira glycemia, pali magawo atatu omwe amasiyanitsidwa: musanadye chakudya (musanadye chakudya chamadzulo), pakudya (nthawi yanthawi yachakudya) komanso mukatha kudya (postprandial). Nthawi yakudya itatha nthawi zonse imagwirizanitsidwa ndi kusinthika kwa metabolism ndi zochitika zamafuta. Masinthidwe awa akhoza kukhala owopsa chifukwa chosinthira pang'onopang'ono. Kupitilira muyeso wa shuga mukatha kudya kumakhala kulemetsa kwambiri thupi, ndipo ndikatenga nthawi yayitali, zimakhala zowopsa kwa munthu.
Mluza m'thupi
Mwazi wamagazi - akutintchito colloquial mawu ofanana ndi lingaliro la plasma glucose. Ngakhale tanthauzo siligwiritsidwa ntchito mchilankhulo chokhacho, komanso munthawi yakuthupi komanso m'mabuku apadera, sikuwonetsa zenizeni. Kuphatikiza pa shuga, magazi nthawi zonse amakhala ndi mashuga ena, koma chifukwa cha kufananira kwachilengedwe kwa thupi, malingaliro awo pakuwunikira thanzi amatha kunyalanyazidwa.
Glucose ndiye shuga wosavuta kwambiri ndi formula ya C6H12J6 ndipo ndi chimodzi mwazinthu zofunika kwambiri kwa anthu komanso chinthu chofunikira kuti ubongo ugwire ntchito moyenera. Cholinga chake chachikulu ndi mafuta a maselo. Amapangidwa m'thupi ndi kuwonongeka kwa chakudya chamafuta m'mimba ndipo amalowa m'magazi kudzera m'makoma a rectum. Magulu ochulukirapo komanso omwe amapezeka mosavuta (glycogen) amadziunjikira m'chiwindi ndi minofu.
Kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi kumangoyendetsedwa ndi thupi. Kukula kwabwino kwa ichi kungawoneke pazochitika ziwiri:
- chakudya;
- kupsinjika
Poyambirira, kuchuluka kumafika pang'onopang'ono chifukwa cha kudya mafuta ochulukirapo kuchokera ku chakudya. Mu chachiwiri, pali kulumpha lakuthwa chifukwa cha zochitika zamanjenje, zomwe zimapangidwira kukonzekera thupi mwachangu kuti lipange kanthu mwa kupanga mphamvu zochulukirapo. Zowonjezera zosagwiritsidwa ntchito zimasinthidwa kukhala glycogen, triglycerides ndi zinthu zina. Kuthandizira ndende yoyenera, thupi limapereka mphamvu ya mahomoni a glycemia, omwe amachitidwa ndi zinthu zotsutsana zomwe zimasungidwa ndi kapamba:
- insulin - yomwe imapangitsa kuti shuga asungunuke magazi kupita ku maselo;
- glucagon - amachita njira yotulutsira glucose ku glucagen.
Komanso, zizindikiro za shuga m'magazi zimakhudzidwa ndi mahomoni a pituitary gland, gland gland ndi gren adrenal, monga norepinephrine ndi adrenaline, thyroxine, somatotropin, dopamine, somatostatin.
Makhalidwe wamba
Glycemia yoyenera ya thupi imasiyanasiyana kwa munthu. Mulingo wabwinobwino woyezera kusala kudya (maola eyiti kapena kupitirira popanda chakudya) ali mgulu la 65 mpaka 105 milligrams pa desilita iliyonse. Mwa anthu ambiri, ndende imadzuka itatha kudya. Nthawi zambiri shuga akamatha kudya amachokera ku 135 mpaka 140 magalamu pa desilita iliyonse.
Kusiyana kumeneku m'magazi a glycemic pamimba yathunthu komanso ali ndi vuto lanjala sizinthu zam'magazi ndipo zimawonetsa njira za mayamwidwe ndikusungidwa kwa glucose mu minofu. Mukangodya, thupi limaphwanya zakudya zamafuta m'zinthu zosavuta (kuphatikizapo shuga) zomwe zimatha kulowa m'matumbo ang'onoang'ono. Kapamba amatulutsa insulin, zolimbikitsa minofu kutenga shuga ndi kagayidwe kake (njira yotchedwa glycogeneis). Masitolo a Glycogen amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuti akhalebe athanzi la glucose athanzi pakudya.
Njira yotulutsira shuga m'matangadza imayambanso m'mapamba pobisa glucagon. Hormone iyi imalimbikitsa kutembenuka kwa chiwindi glycogen kubwerera ku glucose. Ngati thupi lilibe malo okwanira, limapanga shuga wake kuchokera kumagulu omwe alibe mafuta, monga amino acid ndi glycerin. Njira zofananira zimaphatikizidwa panthawi yolimbitsa thupi kwambiri komanso ngati kuli ndi njala yayikulu.
M'matenda ena, dongosolo la shuga la magazi limasokonekera. Monga lamulo, muzochitika zotere, thupi silingathe kutulutsa insulini kapena kuyankha bwino. Matenda ndi machitidwe omwe kusinthika kwa glycemic kumadutsa kwambiri masiku:
- matenda ashuga
- kutupa, khansa ya kapamba;
- kukanika kwa pituitary gland;
- kulakwitsa kwa maselo a adrenal;
- kumwa mankhwala ena;
- kupsinjika kwakanthawi.
Kuyiwalika kwa chidwi cha mahomoni nthawi zambiri kumachitika mwa anthu onenepa kwambiri kapena kukhala moyo wopanda ntchito. Kuti muwone bwino za matenda a prediabetes komanso kuwongolera kuopsa kwa zovuta zomwe zili ndi matenda ashuga, kuyesedwa kwa shuga 2 patatha maola awiri mutatha kudya.
Kulekerera kwa glucose ndikofunikira kwambiri kuzindikiritsa. Mlingo wa shuga mutatha kudya mwa munthu wathanzi, pambuyo pa maola awiri, monga lamulo, uyenera kuchepa. Ngati izi sizingachitike, ndiye kuti onse odwala ndi athanzi ayenera kuganizira zakudya zawo. Kupatuka ndi zikhalidwe (shuga 2 maola atatha kudya) zimawoneka motere:
- Pansi pa 135 mg / dl - yachibadwa kwa thupi lathanzi;
- kuyambira 135 mpaka 160 mg / dl - kulolera pang'ono kwa glucose kwa anthu athanzi, kokwanira kwa omwe amadziletsa odwala matenda ashuga;
- Pamwambapa 160 mg / dl - imawoneka yoopsa chifukwa cha kuwopsa kwa zovuta za hyperglycemia.
Kuti muthane ndi shuga wamagazi mukatha kudya, kuyezetsa magazi kumagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zonse pomwe chakudya chokwanira chimasinthidwa ndi 75 g ya shuga wosungunuka m'madzi.
Zotsatira za kupatuka kwa mitsempha yamagazi
Kuwonjezeka kowopsa komanso kwaposachedwa kwa glucose m'magazi kumabweretsa zowonongeka pamakoma amitsempha yamagazi. Hyperglycemia imayambitsa machitidwe angapo omwe amakhumudwitsa bwino magazi. Mbali imodzi, kuthekera kwa mapangidwe a magazi kumawonjezereka, ndipo, ziwonetsero zomwe zimasinthidwa zingapo: kupezeka kwawo kumachulukitsa, zigawo zina za zipolopolo zimayamba kuzimiririka, ndipo zolembera za atherosranceotic zimayikidwa pamakoma. Ngati njirayi singayimitsidwe, zotengera zitha kutayika kwathunthu, zomwe zingayambitse kutsika kwa minofu yolimba.
Kuphatikiza apo, shuga wambiri mukatha kudya imabweretsa njira zina zomwe zimakhudzanso kwambiri ntchito zofunika za thupi. Mu nthawi ya postprandial, kuchuluka kwa zinthu zomwe zimapezeka ndi okosijeni kumakwera kwambiri chifukwa cha kagayidwe kamene kamakhudzana ndi chimbudzi. Vutoli limatchedwa oxidative nkhawa.
Pamodzi ndi kuwonjezeka kwa shuga wamagazi, kuchuluka kwa zinthu zamafuta zomwe zimapangitsa magazi m'magazi kumawonjezeka. Ngati njira zonsezi sizikuwongoleredwa, zotsatira zake zimakhala zovuta m'm impso, mantha am'mimba, mtima, ziwiya zazikulu komanso ziwalo zina. Kuyeza kwa postprandial glycemia kungafunike ndi zizindikiro zotsatirazi:
kukodza pafupipafupi- ludzu losazolowereka;
- masomphenya osalala;
- kulimbikira;
- kubwereza matenda;
- akuchiritsa mabala pang'onopang'ono.
kukodza pafupipafupiNjira yoyesera
Mutha kuyeza shuga a m'magazi a postprandial kunyumba ndi mita yamagazi. Njira yoyenera ikakhala yowerengera sabata lonse ndikusinthana mitundu yosiyanasiyana. Kuti mupeze njira yoyenera yokhudza zakudya, ndikofunikira kudziyimira pawokha momwe zakudya zomwe mumakonda kapena zomwe mumakonda kudya zimapereka shuga.
Kulondola kwa kuyesaku kumafunikira kusala koyambirira kwa maola 12. Chifukwa chake, ndibwino kukonzekera kuwunika kwa m'mawa kapena masana pasadakhale, mutadumphira chakudya chamadzulo mochedwa. Ndikofunika kukhalabe olondola panthawi yopereka magazi ndikuwonetsetsa kuti mupumula mukatha kudya mayeso, chifukwa masewera olimbitsa thupi angapangitse chithunzi cha mayeso.
Pakuphatikiza magazi, kuponya chala mu chala kumatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito, komanso kutenga zitsanzo kuchokera mu mtsempha (magazi a venous ndi capillary amasiyana mu kapangidwe kake), kutengera malangizo a dokotala kapena kutengera kwa ma labotale. Zotsatira nthawi zambiri sizimakupangitsani kuti mudikire zoposa ola limodzi kapena awiri.
Miyezo yapamwamba ya shuga wa postprandial imatha kuwonetsa kuperewera kwa shuga kapena matenda ashuga. Koma ziribe kanthu kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi omwe mayeso oyamba amawonetsa, madokotala sangagwiritse ntchito mayeso amodzi okha kuti adziwe momwe aliri. Mokulira, vuto la glucose lomwe akuyembekezeredwa, mayeso ena adzapatsidwa.
