Sukulu ya Odwala Matenda a Type 1 a Type 2

Kwa aliyense wodwala matenda ashuga, chinsinsi cha thanzi labwino ndi gulu la moyo ndi machitidwe. Kutha kuyankha panthawi yoyenera kwa zizindikiro zoyambirira za matenda ashuga komanso kudziteteza mwamagetsi monga kudya wathanzi, chisamaliro ndi masewera olimbitsa thupi samabwera mwachangu. Pofuna kuphatikiza luso lawo ndikupeza zatsopano, masukulu apadera a shuga apangidwa.

Kodi sukulu yaumoyo ndi chiyani?

Sukulu ya odwala omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga ndi maphunziro omwe amakhala ndimisonkhano isanu kapena isanu ndi iwiri, yomwe imachitidwa pamaziko a zamankhwala othandizira komanso kupewa. Aliyense akhoza kuwayendera, ngakhale atakhala zaka zingati, kaya ndi mwana kapena munthu wokalamba, kuwonjezera apo, kwaulere. Zomwe muyenera kukhala nanu ndikuchokera kwa dokotala. Mayendedwe ophunzirira akhoza kukhala nthawi imodzi kapena njira yobwereza-bwereza kuti mumvetse zambiri.

Chifukwa chakuti ambiri odwala matenda ashuga akalemba ntchito kapena amaphunzira, mabungwe oterowo amapanga boma lawo la ntchito poganizira izi. Ichi ndichifukwa chake nthawi yayitali ya maphunziro komanso kuchuluka kwa makalasi ku Moscow ndi mizinda ina ya Russia ndikosiyana.

Odwala omwe akumalandira chithandizo chamankhwala amatha kulandira zokambirana limodzi. Munthawi imeneyi, adokotala amakwanitsa kupereka zidziwitso zonse zofunika kwa odwala matenda ashuga mu sabata limodzi. Kwa odwala omwe amagonekedwa m'chipatala, komanso kwa iwo omwe matenda awo amadziwika panthawi yake, maphunziro a pamwezi awiri pamlungu amachitika.

Zolinga zophunzirira komanso magawo

Maziko a sukulu ya odwala matenda ashuga ndi zochita za Unduna wa Zaumoyo wa Russia, komanso Charter of Health. Misonkhano imachitidwa ndi ma endocrinologists kapena namwino yemwe ali ndi maphunziro apamwamba omwe adaphunzitsidwa izi. Mabungwe ena amachita makalasi apa intaneti pamawebusayiti awo ovomerezeka. Masamba oterewa amapangidwira anthu omwe sangathe kupita kumaphunziro a gulu. Komanso chidziwitsochi chitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chithandizo chamankhwala.

Kupititsa patsogolo kulumikizana kwa chidziwitso, odwala omwe ali ndi vuto la mtundu woyamba 1 ndi mtundu wa 2 amachokera m'magulu mu sukulu m'malo otsatirawa:

• odwala matenda a shuga 1
• odwala omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga a 2;
• Odwala a shuga a Type II omwe akufuna insulin
• ana omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga komanso abale awo;
• woyembekezera ndi matenda ashuga.

Sukulu ya matenda a shuga amtundu woyamba ndiyofunika kwa ana, popeza nthenda yamtunduwu imakhala yovuta kwambiri ndipo imafunikira kuwongolera kwapadera zochitika. Koma chifukwa choti odwala ochepa satha kudziwa bwino maphunziro, makolo awo amatha kupezeka pamaphunziro.

Cholinga chachikulu cha School of Diabetes Health ndikupereka odwala chidziwitso chothandiza. Phunziro lililonse, odwala amaphunzitsidwa njira zoletsa kutulutsa, njira zowunikira, kuthekera kophatikiza njira zochizira ndi ntchito za tsiku ndi tsiku komanso nkhawa.

Maphunzirowa akufanana ndi pulogalamu yapadera yomwe imapereka kuwongolera pazomwe mwaphunzira. Kuzungulira konse kungakhale koyambirira kapena kwachiwiri. Chaka chilichonse pa woyamba wa Marichi, sukulu iliyonse ya anthu odwala matenda ashuga amatumiza lipoti kumalo osungirako anthu odwala matenda ashuga, zomwe zimatithandizira kuwunika zomwe zikuchitika nthawi imeneyi.

Kuchita maphunziro ngati amenewa kumakhala kokwanira. M'maphunzirowa, odwala samangopatsidwa zidziwitso zokha, komanso amaphunzitsidwa kuchita. Pakuphunzira, odwala amapeza chidziwitso pazinthu zotsatirazi:

• malingaliro ambiri pazokhudza matenda ashuga;
• maluso a insulin;
• kudya;
• kusinthasintha pagulu;
• kupewa mavuto.

Nkhani yoyambira

Chinsinsi cha nkhani yoyamba ndikuwadziwa odwala ndi matendawa komanso zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikachitike.

Matenda a shuga amayambitsa kuwonjezeka kwa shuga m'magazi. Koma ngati muphunzira kusunga kuchuluka kwa shuga, simuyenera kupewa zovuta, komanso kusinthira matendawa kuti akhale ndi moyo wapadera, womwe udzasiyana malinga ndi mtundu wa matenda ashuga.

Kudalira insulin ndiye mtundu woyamba. Aloleni anthu omwe insulin m'magazi amapangidwa osakwanira. Nthawi zambiri amakula mwa ana ndi achinyamata. Pankhaniyi, wodwalayo ayenera kulandira tsiku lililonse jakisoni wa jakisoni.

Osadalira insulin ndiye mtundu wachiwiri wa matenda ashuga, omwe amatha kuchitika ngakhale insulini ikachuluka, koma sikokwanira kuti shuga akhale mwamtunda. Amakula mwa anthu akulu msinkhu ndipo amalumikizidwa ndi kunenepa kwambiri. Nthawi zina, pakutha kwa zizindikiro, ndikokwanira kungomangamira pazakudya ndi masewera olimbitsa thupi.

Maselo a munthu yemwe ali ndi matenda ashuga amakhala ndi vuto la kusowa mphamvu, chifukwa glucose ndiye gwero lalikulu lamphamvu la chamoyo chonse. Komabe, imatha kulowa mu cell mothandizidwa ndi insulin (mahomoni a protein omwe amapangidwa ndi ma cell a pancreatic).

Mwa munthu wathanzi, insulini imalowa m'magazi mulingo woyenera. Ndi shuga wowonjezereka, chitsulo chimatulutsa insulini yambiri, pomwe kutsika kwake kumatulutsa pang'ono. Kwa anthu omwe alibe matenda a shuga, kuchuluka kwa glucose (pamimba yopanda kanthu) kumayambira 3.3 mmol / L mpaka 5.5 mmol / L.

Zomwe zimayambitsa matenda a shuga omwe amadalira insulin ndi matenda opatsira ma virus. Kachilombokaakalowa mthupi, ma antibodies amapangidwa. Koma zimachitika kuti amapitiliza kugwira ntchito yawo ngakhale chitachitika chiwonongeko chokwanira cha matupi achilendo. Chifukwa chake ma antibodies amayamba kuukira ma cell awo a pancreatic. Zotsatira zake, zimafa, ndipo kuchuluka kwa insulin kumachepa, ndipo matenda a shuga amakula.

Mwa odwala, chitsulo sichimatulutsa insulini, chifukwa glucose samatha kulowa m'maselo ndipo amakhala ndi magazi. Munthu amayamba kuchepa thupi msanga, amakhala ndi pakamwa pokhazikika komanso akumva ludzu. Kuti muchepetse chizindikiro ichi, insulini iyenera kuperekedwa.

Chinsinsi cha insulin

Chinsinsi cha nkhani yachiwiri sikungophunzitsa kugwiritsa ntchito syringes molondola, komanso kufotokozera zambiri za insulin. Wodwalayo ayenera kumvetsetsa kuti pali mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya insulin ndi kuchitapo kanthu.

Masiku ano, nkhumba ndi ng'ombe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito. Pali waumunthu, womwe umapezeka ndikuchotsa majini amunthu mu DNA ya bakiteriya. Ndikofunikira kudziwa kuti posintha mtundu wa insulin, momwe mlingo wake umasinthira, chifukwa chake izi zimachitika pokhapokha poyang'aniridwa ndi adokotala.

Malinga ndi kuchuluka kwa kuyeretsedwa, mankhwalawa ndi: osakhazikika, oyeretsedwa mono- ndi multicomponent. Ndikofunikira kuwerengera mulingo woyenera ndikugawa tsiku.

Malinga ndi nthawi ya insulin ndi:

• Chachidule - chomveka pambuyo mphindi 15 kwa maola 3-4. Mwachitsanzo, Insuman Rapid, Berlinsulin Normal, Actrapid.
• Yapakatikati - imayamba kuchita pambuyo pa mphindi 90, ndipo imatha maola 7-8. Pakati pawo: Semilong ndi Semilent.
• Kutalika - zotsatira zimachitika pambuyo maola 4 ndipo zimatha pafupifupi maola 13. Zina mwa insulin zoterezi ndi Homofan, Humulin, Monotard, Insuman-Bazal, Protafan.
• Kutalika kokwanira - yambani kugwira ntchito maola 7, ndi kutha pambuyo pa maola 24. Izi zikuphatikizapo Ultralente, Ultralong, Ultratard.
• Multi-peak ndi chisakanizo cha insulin yayifupi komanso yayitali mu botolo limodzi. Chitsanzo cha mankhwalawa ndi Mikstard (10% / 90%), Insuman comb (20% / 80%) ndi ena.

Mankhwala omwe amagwira ntchito mwachidule amasiyana ndi mawonekedwe a nthawi yayitali, amawonekera. Chosiyana ndi insulin B, ngakhale ichitike kwa nthawi yayitali, koma osati kwamtambo, koma chowonekera.

Zikondwererozi nthawi zonse zimatulutsa insulin. Kuti muchepetse ntchito yake, muyenera kuphatikiza ma insulin afupiafupi komanso autali: oyamba - ndi chakudya chilichonse, chachiwiri - kawiri patsiku. Mlingo ndi munthu payekha ndipo ndi wololedwa ndi dokotala.

Pamaphunzirowa, odwala amaphatikizidwanso kumalamulo osungira insulin. Muyenera kuyisunga mufiriji pansi, kuti mankhwalawo asazizire. Botolo lotseguka limasungidwa m'chipindacho. Jakisoni amawalowetsa pansi pakhungu pakhungu, mkono, m'mimba kapena pansi pa phewa. Kuyamwa kofulumira kwambiri - ndi jakisoni m'mimba, osachedwa - ntchafu.

Mfundo ya zakudya

Phunziro lotsatira ndikunena za zakudya. Zinthu zonse zimakhala ndi mchere wamchere, michere, mapuloteni ndi mafuta, madzi, mavitamini. Koma mafuta okhaokha omwe amatha kuwonjezera shuga. Ndipo izi zikuyenera kukumbukiridwa. Amagawidwa kukhala osagaya komanso kukumba. Zakale sizitha kukweza shuga.

Ponena za kugaya, amagawidwa m'magawo osavuta omwe amatha kupukusa mosavuta komanso amakoma, komanso zovuta kugaya.

Odwala ayenera kuphunzira kusiyanitsa mitundu ya chakudya, komanso kumvetsetsa momwe amathandizidwira. Chifukwa cha ichi pali lingaliro la XE - mkate mkate. Chimodzi mwazinthu zoterezi ndi 10-12 g ya zakudya. Ngati insulini simalipira 1 XE, ndiye kuti shuga imakwera ndi 1.5−2 mmol / l. Ngati wodwalayo amawerengera XE, ndiye kuti amadziwa kuchuluka kwa shuga, zomwe zingathandize kusankha mlingo woyenera wa insulin.

Mutha kuyeza magawo a mkate ndi mitsulo ndi makapu. Mwachitsanzo, chidutswa chilichonse cha mkate, supuni ya ufa, supuni ziwiri za phala, 250 ml mkaka, supuni ya shuga, mbatata imodzi, kachilomboka chimodzi, kaloti atatu = gawo limodzi. Mitundu atatu ya pasitala ndi magawo awiri.

Palibe chakudya mu nsomba ndi nyama, motero amatha kudyedwa mulimonse.

Umodzi mkate mkate muli kapu ya sitiroberi, mabulosi akuda, raspberries, currants, yamatcheri. Gawo la vwende, apulo, lalanje, peyala, persimmon ndi pichesi - 1 unit.

Nthawi yam'mawa, nkhomaliro komanso chakudya chamadzulo, ndikofunikira kuti kuchuluka kwa XE sikupitilira zisanu ndi ziwiri. Kuti muthe kuphunzira mkate umodzi, muyenera kuyambira magawo 1.5 mpaka 4 a insulin.

Mavuto a shuga

Pogwiritsa ntchito shuga m'magazi, thupi limayamba kugwiritsira ntchito mafuta nthawi yanjala. Zotsatira zake, acetone imawoneka. Mkhalidwe monga ketoacidosis, womwe ndi woopsa kwambiri, ungayambitse chikomokere kapena kufa.

Ngati pali fungo la acetone lochokera mkamwa, muyenera kuyang'ana kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi, ngati malangizowo ali pamwamba pa 15 mmol / l, urinalysis ndiyofunikira. Ngati akutsimikizira acetone, ndiye kuti muyenera kulowa 1/5 ya tsiku ndi tsiku ya insulin yayifupi kamodzi. Ndipo patatha maola atatu, yang'aninso shuga. Ngati sichinatsike, jakisoni imabwerezedwa.

Ngati wodwala yemwe ali ndi matenda a shuga ali ndi malungo, ndikofunikira kuyambitsa 1/10 ya tsiku ndi tsiku insulin.

Zina mwazovuta za matenda ashuga ndizowonongeka kwa ziwalo ndi ziwalo. Choyamba, izi zimagwira ntchito m'mitsempha ndi mitsempha yamagazi. Amatopa kwambiri ndipo amavulala msanga, zomwe zimayambitsa zotupa zazing'ono zam'deralo.

Miyendo, impso ndi maso ndi ena mwa oyamba kuvutika. Matenda a maso odwala matenda ashuga amatchedwa angioretinopathy. Odwala ayenera kuyesedwa ndi a ophthalmologist kawiri pachaka.

Matenda a shuga amachepetsa kukhudzika kwa khungu kumadera am'munsi, kotero kuti kuvulala kochepa ndi kumadulira sikumvetseka, zomwe zingayambitse matenda awo ndikusintha kukhala zilonda kapena gangren.

Kuti mupewe zovuta, simungathe:

• Kuwongola miyendo yanu, komanso kugwiritsa ntchito mapepala othandizira ndi zida zamagetsi kuti muzimawotha.
• Gwiritsani ntchito lezala ndi othandizira pochotsa mafoni.
• Yendani opanda nsapato ndikuvala nsapato zazitali nsapato.

Matenda a diabetes nephropathy ndi matenda oopsa a impso.oyambitsidwa ndi matenda a shuga, ali ndi magawo asanu. Zitatu zoyambirira ndizosintha. Lachinayi, microalbumin imawonekera mkodzo, ndipo kulephera kwamkaka kumayamba. Popewa izi, ndikofunikira kuwongolera glucose pamlingo wokhazikika, komanso kuyesedwa kwa albumin nthawi 4-5 pachaka.

Matenda a atherosulinosis nawonso amatengera matenda ashuga. Matenda a mtima nthawi zambiri amapezeka popanda kupweteka chifukwa cha kuwonongeka kwa mitsempha. Odwala amalangizidwa kuti azitha kuyeza kuthamanga kwa magazi.

Odwala ayenera kumvetsetsa kuti shuga si sentensi, koma moyo wapadera, womwe umangodziyang'anira pawokha komanso kusintha magazi momwe magazi amapezekera. Munthu amatha kudzipulumutsa yekha, adokotala amangothandiza pankhaniyi.